... Advantages of PL/ SQL Figure 1–1 PL/ SQL Boosts Performance SQLSQL Application Other DBMSs SQLSQL Application Application SQL IF THEN SQL ELSE SQL END IF; SQL Oracle Database with PL/ SQL RPC Oracle ... Started with PL/ SQL Chapter 1, "Overview of PL/ SQL" Summarizes the main features of PL/ SQLand their advantages Introduces the basic concepts behind PL/ SQLand the general appearance of PL/ SQL programs ... how to detect and handle PL/ SQL errors using exceptions and handlers Chapter 11, "Tuning PL/ SQL Applications for Performance" Shows how to improve performance for PL/ SQL- based applications Chapter...
... Examples Code examples illustrate SQL, PL/ SQL, SQL* Plus, or other command-line statements They are displayed in a monospace (fixed-width) font and separated from normal text as shown in this example: ... column names, packages and classes, user names and roles, program units, and parameter values Enter sqlplus to open SQL* Plus You can back up the database by using the BACKUP command Query the TABLE_NAME ... datatypes, RMAN keywords, SQL keywords, SQL* Plus or utility commands, packages and methods, as well as system-supplied column names, database objects and structures, user names, and roles You can specify...
... Oracle SQL: DML and DDL Oracle SQLand SQL* Plus: Advanced SELECT Statements Oracle SQLand SQL* Plus: SQL* Plus and Reporting Oracle SQL Specifics: Retrieving and Formatting Data Oracle SQL Specifics: ... With PL/ SQL, you can use SQL statements to finesse Oracle data, and PL/ SQL control statements to process the data Introduction to Oracle9i: PL/ SQL I-3 PL/ SQL Environment PL/ SQL engine PL/ SQL block ... Creating and Managing Database Objects PL/ SQL: Basics PL/ SQL: Procedures, Functions, and Packages PL/ SQL: Database Programming SQL for End Users: Part SQL for End Users: Part Advanced PL/ SQL: Implementation...
... Using SQL* Plus to Create Reports and Manage PL/ SQL Code CĆ7 CĆ8 Introduction to Oracle: SQLand PL/ SQL Using Procedure Builder Comparison of SQLand SQL* Plus Commands This table compares SQLand SQL* Plus ... the SQL* Plus environment, and display column definitions Using SQL* Plus to Create Reports and Manage PL/ SQL Code CĆ5 Entering Commands in SQL* Plus CĆ6 Introduction to Oracle: SQLand PL/ SQL Using ... Manipulating PL/ SQL Using SQL* Plus You can use SQL* Plus to create, debug, and execute PL/ SQL blocks D Create and modify anonymous blocks and program units with SQL* Plus and the online editor D Execute SQL* Plus...
... not warrant that this document is error free SQL* Plus, PL/ SQL, Procedure Builder, Developer/2000, Oracle7 Server, Oracle Server, Discoverer/2000, and Designer/2000 are trademarks or registered ... Nagarathnam Sandra Schrick Ulrike Schwinn Rosemarie Truman Jenny Tsai Laura Van Deusen Use, duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions for commercial computer software and ... Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights and the folĆ lowing legend is applicable: Technical Contributors and Reviewers Restricted Rights Legend Christian Bauwens Debra...
... not warrant that this document is error free SQL* Plus, PL/ SQL, Procedure Builder, Developer/2000, Oracle7 Server, Oracle Server, Discoverer/2000, and Designer/2000 are trademarks or registered ... Nagarathnam Sandra Schrick Ulrike Schwinn Rosemarie Truman Jenny Tsai Laura Van Deusen Use, duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions for commercial computer software and ... Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights and the folĆ lowing legend is applicable: Technical Contributors and Reviewers Restricted Rights Legend Christian Bauwens Debra...
... environments 1-22 PL/ SQL User’s Guide and Reference Advantages of PL/ SQL Tight Integration with SQL The PL/ SQLandSQL languages are tightly integrated PL/ SQL supports all the SQL datatypes and the non-value ... Application Other DBMSs SQLSQL Application Application SQL IF THEN SQL ELSE SQL END IF; SQL RPC Oracle with PL/ SQL Oracle with PL/ SQLand Stored Procedures PL/ SQL also improves performance by ... local PL/ SQL engine must rely on Oracle to process PL/ SQL blocks and subprograms When it contains the PL/ SQL engine, an Oracle server can process PL/ SQL blocks and subprograms as well as single SQL...
... not warrant that this document is error free SQL* Plus, PL/ SQL, Procedure Builder, Developer/2000, Oracle7 Server, Oracle Server, Discoverer/2000, and Designer/2000 are trademarks or registered ... Nagarathnam Sandra Schrick Ulrike Schwinn Rosemarie Truman Jenny Tsai Laura Van Deusen Use, duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions for commercial computer software and ... Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights and the folĆ lowing legend is applicable: Technical Contributors and Reviewers Restricted Rights Legend Christian Bauwens Debra...
... not warrant that this document is error free SQL* Plus, PL/ SQL, Procedure Builder, Developer/2000, Oracle7 Server, Oracle Server, Discoverer/2000, and Designer/2000 are trademarks or registered ... Nagarathnam Sandra Schrick Ulrike Schwinn Rosemarie Truman Jenny Tsai Laura Van Deusen Use, duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions for commercial computer software and ... Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights and the folĆ lowing legend is applicable: Technical Contributors and Reviewers Restricted Rights Legend Christian Bauwens Debra...
... PL/ SQL Environment PL/ SQL engine PL/ SQL block PL/ SQL block PL/ SQLSQL Procedural Statement Executor SQL Statement Executor Oracle Server Hint Draw attention to the fact that PL/ SQL can ... SQLand SQL* Plus Interaction SQL Statements SQL Statements Buffer Server SQL* Plus SQL* Plus Commands Query Results Hint Give an overview of all the uses of the SQL statements Explain SQL as ... buffer SQL* Plus • An environment • Oracle proprietary • Keywords can be abbreviated • Commands not allow manipulation of values in the database SQL* Plus commands SQL* Plus buffer Hint For SQL commands,...
... and PL/ SQL Using Procedure Builder SQL, SQL* Plus, and PL/ SQL SQL, SQL* Plus, and PL/ SQL commands are used to access and manipulate data stored in an Oracle database SQL* Plus, SQL, and PL/ SQL Language ... Introduction to Oracle: SQLand PL/ SQL Using Procedure Builder SQL, SQL* Plus, and PL/ SQL continued SQL* Plus Command Categories Category Purpose Environment Affects the general behavior of SQL statements ... Introduction to Oracle: SQLand PL/ SQL Using Procedure Builder SQL, SQL* Plus, and PL/ SQL continued SQL is the industry standard language for relational databases The American National Standards Institute...
... Application Other DBMSs SQLSQL Application SQL IF THEN SQL ELSE SQL END IF; SQL Oracle8i with PL/ SQL Application RPC Oracle8i with PL/ SQLand Stored Procedures PL/ SQL also improves performance ... cached and shared among users That lowers memory requirements and invocation overhead Overview 1-21 Advantages of PL/ SQL Figure 1–5 PL/ SQL Boosts Performance SQLSQL Application Other DBMSs SQLSQL ... local PL/ SQL engine must rely on Oracle to process PL/ SQL blocks and subprograms When it contains the PL/ SQL engine, an Oracle server can process PL/ SQL blocks and subprograms as well as single SQL...
... Boolean Expressions PL/ SQL lets you compare variables and constants in both SQLand procedural statements These comparisons, called Boolean expressions, consist of simple or complex expressions ... precedence than AND Therefore, the second expression is equivalent to: (NOT valid) AND done 2-44 PL/ SQL User’s Guide and Reference ExpressionsandComparisons In the following example, notice that ... equal to low value and less than or equal to high value." For example, the following expression is false: 45 BETWEEN 38 AND 44 2-46 PL/ SQL User’s Guide and Reference ExpressionsandComparisons IN...
... the SQL statements and, in some cases, returns data to the PL/ SQL engine Figure 4–3 Context Switching PL/ SQL Engine Procedural Statement Executor procedural PL/ SQL Block SQL Engine SQL d a t a SQL ... 5-1 SQL Support SQL Support By extending SQL, PL/ SQL offers a unique combination of power and ease of use You can manipulate Oracle data flexibly and safely because PL/ SQL fully supports all SQL ... Within PL/ SQL, to manipulate a local collection, use the operators TABLE and CAST The operands of CAST are a collection declared locally (in a PL/ SQL anonymous block for example) and a SQL collection...
... VARIABLE return_code NUMBER Both SQL* Plus and PL/ SQL can reference the host variable, and SQL* Plus can display its value However, to reference a host variable in PL/ SQL, you must prefix its name with ... cursor variable */ EXEC SQL CLOSE :generic_cv; } exit(0); } void sql_ error() { /* Handle SQL error here */ } 5-28 PL/ SQL User’s Guide and Reference Using Cursor Variables Example A host variable ... EXEC SQL END DECLARE SECTION; /* Handle Oracle errors */ EXEC SQL WHENEVER SQLERROR DO sql_ error(); /* Connect to Oracle */ EXEC SQL CONNECT :uid; /* Initialize cursor variable */ EXEC SQL ALLOCATE...
... exception handler into an enclosing block Error Handling 6-17 Handling Raised Exceptions Using SQLCODE and SQLERRM In an exception handler, you can use the built-in functions SQLCODE and SQLERRM ... the constraints WNPS and RNPS if the function calls SQLCODE or SQLERRM Unhandled Exceptions Remember, if it cannot find a handler for a raised exception, PL/ SQL returns an unhandled exception error ... IMMEDIATE and OPEN-FOR-USING dynamic SQL statements s 7-32 SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE data manipulation statements SQL statements parsed using DBMS _SQL. PARSE() PL/ SQL User’s Guide and Reference...
... 9-10 PL/ SQL User’s Guide and Reference Components of an Object Type PL/ SQL uses the ordering to evaluate Boolean expressions such as x > y, and to comparisons implied by the DISTINCT, GROUP BY, and ... (x Complex) RETURN Complex, MEMBER FUNCTION times (x Complex) RETURN Complex, MEMBER FUNCTION divby (x Complex) RETURN Complex ); CREATE TYPE BODY Complex AS MEMBER FUNCTION plus (x Complex) ... related types, items, and subprograms in a named PL/ SQL module Each package is easy to understand, and the interfaces between packages are simple, clear, and well defined This aids application development...
... never-opened cursor variable, PL/ SQL raises INVALID_CURSOR 10-8 PL/ SQL User’s Guide and Reference Using the OPEN-FOR, FETCH, and CLOSE Statements Some Examples As the following example shows, you can fetch ... page 2-28 11-4 PL/ SQL User’s Guide and Reference Assignment Statement indicator_name This identifies an indicator variable declared in a PL/ SQL host environment and passed to PL/ SQL Indicator variables ... individual elements PL/ SQL keeps placeholders for deleted elements So, you can replace a deleted element simply by assigning it a new value However, PL/ SQL does not keep placeholders for trimmed...