phụ lục 01 khảo sát một số hệ thống đăng ký môn học trong đào tạo tín chỉ ở một số trường đại học hiện nay
Dự đoán và phân tích các trạng thái của Histone trong chuỗi DNA bằng phương pháp conditional random fields
... tốt nghiệp cao học Trường Đại học Công Nghệ - ĐHQGHN MỞ ĐẦU Trong vài thập niên gần toán khai phá liệu trở thành hướng nghiên cứu quan trọng lĩnh vực khoa học máy tính trí tuệ nhân tạo Điều dễ hiểu ... giá trị cực đại cách lấy đạo hàm riêng theo tham số λk , nhiên cần ý vị trí cực đại cực đại địa phương chưa cực đại toàn cục Luận văn tốt nghiệp cao học 39 Trường Đại học Công Nghệ - ĐHQGHN Như ... tin-sinh học, phát vị trí, cấu tạo trạng thái histone chuỗi DNA ảnh hưởng đến tiến trình sinh học tế bào Đã có nhiều nghiên cứu trước nghiên Luận văn tốt nghiệp cao học Trường Đại học Công Nghệ -...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Conditional Random Fields for Word Hyphenation" docx
... training data As an example, consider the word hy-phen-ate For this word x = hyphenate ¯ and y = 010 0010 00 Suppose i = so p is the ¯ current letter Then exactly two functions fj that depend on substrings ... been used, but also without great success For example, the authors of (Kristensen and Langmyhr, 2 001) found that the TEX method is a better choice for hyphenating Norwegian The highest accuracy ... automated hyphenation The earliest software for automatic hyphenation was implemented for RCA 301 computers, and used by the Palm Beach Post-Tribune and Los Angeles Times newspapers in 1962 These...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Generalized Expectation Criteria for Semi-Supervised Learning of Conditional Random Fields" pdf
... all places in the data where the feature occurs In the experiments in this paper, we use λ = 0. 001, which we tuned for best performance on the test set, giving an unfair advantage to our competitor ... one token in isolation takes the same time as labeling one token in a sequence, these results strongly support a new paradigm of labeling in which instead of annotating entire sentences, the...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Discriminative Word Alignment with Conditional Random Fields" ppt
... 7.42 Model intersection French → English 96.7 85.0 90.5 9.21 English → French 97.3 83.0 89.6 10 .01 98.7 78.6 87.5 12.02 intersection refined 95.7 89.2 92.3 7.37 engineering and for fitting a Gaussian ... Results on the Romanian data using all features is used as a feature to represent whether there is a strong alignment candidate The sum of these scores is also used as a feature Each source word and ... 7.37 –orthographic 27.30 7.25 –Dice 27.68 7.73 27.72 7.21 –dictionary –sentence position 28.30 8 .01 – 8.19 –POS –Model 28.62 8.45 32.41 7.20 –alignment word pair –Markov 32.75 12.44 –Dice & –Model...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Improving the Scalability of Semi-Markov Conditional Random Fields for Named Entity Recognition" pdf
... Andrew McCallum, and Fernando Pereira 2 001 Conditional random fields: Probabilistic models for segmenting and labeling sequence data In Proc of ICML 2 001 Yusuke Miyao and Jun’ichi Tsujii 2002 ... entity tags, by feature forests (Miyao and Tsujii, 2002) In the previous work (Lafferty et al., 2 001; Sarawagi and Cohen, 2004), “or” nodes are considered implicitly in the dynamic programming framework ... shared task in 2004 JNLPBA Length >8 total # entity 21646 15442 7530 3505 1379 732 409 252 406 51 301 Ratio 42.19 30.10 14.68 6.83 2.69 1.43 0.80 0.49 0.79 100.00 exp(Σn Σj λj fj (yi−1 , yi , x,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Efficient, Feature-based, Conditional Random Field Parsing" potx
... Lafferty, Andrew McCallum, and Fernando Pereira 2 001 Conditional Random Fields: Probabilistic models for segmenting and labeling sequence data In ICML 2 001, pages 282–289 Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, ... regardless of length Comparison With Related Work The most similar related work is (Johnson, 2 001) , which did discriminative training of a generative PCFG The model was quite similar to ours, ... gradients and log likelihood Because they were focusing on grammar splitting they, like (Johnson, 2 001) , did not employ any features, and, like (Taskar et al., 2004), they saw only small gains from...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Using Conditional Random Fields to Predict Pitch Accents in Conversational Speech" pptx
... foll IP boundary χ2 1636 2430 2741 80 295 3073 101 27 328 1047 Sig p < 001 p < 001 p < 001 p < 005 p < 001 p < 001 p < 001 p < 001 p < 001 p < 001 Table 4: Significance of phonological features ... indicate the strong correlation of accents to the probabilistic variables As the probability increases, the chance of an accent decreases Note that all values are significant at the p < 001 level We ... Articifical Intelligence T Minka 2 001 Algorithms for maximumlikelihood logistic regression Technical report, CMU, Department of Statistics, TR 758 S Pan and J Hirschberg 2 001 Modeling local context for...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Semi-Supervised Conditional Random Fields for Improved Sequence Segmentation and Labeling" pdf
... graphical models that have been globally conditioned on a set of input covariates (Lafferty et al 2 001) CRFs have proved to be particularly useful for sequence segmentation and labeling tasks, since, ... (2) Semi-supervised CRF training In what follows, we use the same notation as (Lafferty et al 2 001) Let be a random variable over data sequences to be labeled, and be a random variable over corresponding ... items on the right hand side are just the standard gradient of the CRF objective, (Lafferty et al 2 001) , and the final item is the gradient of the entropy regularizer (the derivation of which is given...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Training Conditional Random Fields with Multivariate Evaluation Measures" potx
... pages 299–308 T Kudo and Y Matsumoto 2 001 Chunking with Support Vector Machines In Proc of NAACL-2 001, pages 192– 199 J Lafferty, A McCallum, and F Pereira 2 001 Conditional Random Fields: Probabilistic ... sections 15-18 as training data (8,936 sentences and 211,727 tokens), and section 20 as test data (2 ,012 sentences and 47,377 tokens), with 11 different chunk-tags, such as NP and VP plus the ‘O’ tag, ... MCE-F exhibited the best results for both Chunking and NER There is a significant difference (p < 0 .01) between MCE-F and ML/MAP with the McNemar test, in terms of the correctness of both individual...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Fast Full Parsing by Linear-Chain Conditional Random Fields" docx
... More recently, Brants (1999) used a cascaded Markov model to parse German text Tjong Kim Sang (2 001) used the IOB tagging method to represent chunks and memory-based learning, and achieved an f-score ... s+2 , s+1 s+2 s+3 h−2 , h−1 , h0 , h+1 , h+2 h−2 h−1 , h−1 h0 , h0 h+1 , h+1 h+2 h−1 h0 h+1 s0 d01 , s0 d0m s0 wj−1 , s0 pj−1 , s0 wk+1 , s0 pk+1 s0 wj , s0 wk whether s0 has been created in ... weight features were 58,505 (for the base chunker), 263,889 (for the non-base chunker), and 42, 201 (for the POS tagger) The parser required only 14MB of memory to run There was little accuracy...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Using Conditional Random Fields to Extract Contexts and Answers of Questions from Online Forums" docx
... independent and there are strong dependency rela- Contiguous sentences yt−1 = C yt−1 = C yt = C 901 1,081 yt = C 1,081 47,190 Table 1: Contingency table(χ2 = 9,386,p-value
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Discriminative Language Modeling with Conditional Random Fields and the Perceptron Algorithm" pptx
... θ=0 .01 CRF, σ = 0.5, Feat=E, θ=0.9 39 38.5 Trial ASR Baseline Perceptron, Lattice Perceptron, N-best CRF, Lattice, Percep Feats (1.4M) CRF, N-best, Percep Feats (0.9M) CRF, Lattice, θ = 0 .01 (12M) ... than 0 .01 in the training set That is, to be included, a trigram must occur in a set of paths, the sum of the conditional probabilities of which must be greater than our threshold θ = 0 .01 This ... significantly better than the lattice perceptron at p < 0. 001; the other two CRF trials were significantly better than the lattice perceptron at p < 0 .01 On rt03, the N-best CRF trial was significantly...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Scaling Conditional Random Fields Using Error-Correcting Codes" docx
... Andrew McCallum, and Fernando Pereira 2 001 Conditional random fields: Probabilistic models for segmenting and labelling sequence data In Proceedings of ICML 2 001, pages 282–289 Florence MacWilliams ... tested for statistical significance using the matched pairs test (Gillick and Cox, 1989) at p < 0. 001 Those results which are significantly better than the corresponding multiclass MLE or regularised ... of the exhaustive code, it should be possible to reduce the training time while preserving the strong generalisation performance One approach is to incorporate skew in the label distribution in...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Logarithmic Opinion Pools for Conditional Random Fields" ppt
... 1–6 J Lafferty, A McCallum, and F Pereira 2 001 Conditional random fields: Probabilistic models for segmenting and labeling sequence data In Proc ICML 2 001 R Malouf 2002 A comparison of algorithms ... development set consists of 1, 636 sentences and 38, 185 tokens and the test set consists of 2, 012 sentences and 47, 377 tokens • Label consists of the monolithic CRF and a partition of the features ... calculation of E p(s|o) [ fk ] is intractable, but for the linear chain case Lafferty et al (2 001) describe an efficient dynamic programming procedure for inference, similar in nature to the forward-backward...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Using Conditional Random Fields For Sentence Boundary Detection In Speech" potx
... word N-gram + prosody 64.58 (4.68) 63.16 (4.58) 59.52 (4.31) all features 55.37 (4 .01) 56.51 (4.10) 55.37 (4 .01) Vote: 54.29 (3.93) the HMM, highlighting the benefit of Maxent’s handling of the ... O CRFs have been successfully used for a variety of text processing tasks (Lafferty et al., 2 001; Sha and Pereira, 2003; McCallum and Li, 2003), but they have not been widely applied to a speech-related ... 29.30 (4.57) word N-gram 53.25 (8.31) 53.92 (8.41) 50.20 (7.83) STT word N-gram + prosody 44.93 (7 .01) 45.50 (7.10) 43.12 (6.73) all features 43.05 (6.72) 43.02 (6.71) 42.00 (6.55) Vote: 41.88 (6.53)...
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accelerated training of conditional random fields with stochastic
... initial gain η0 is set as high as possible for each method while maintaining stability: 0.0 001 for LBP, 0. 001 for MF, and 0.04 for PL 5.1 Binary Image Denoising This experiment uses 64 × 64 binary ... substituting (4) yields m H(θ) = I + Covp(y|xi ;θ) φ(xi , y) σ i=1 (10) belief propagation (LBP) (Weiss, 2 001; Yedidia et al., 2003) The MF free energy is a lower bound on the loglikelihood, and hence an ... found empirically to often better approximate the log-likelihood than the MF free energy (Weiss, 2 001) Although LBP can sometimes oscillate, convergent versions have been developed (e.g., Kolmogorov,...
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an introduction to conditional random fields for relational learning
... skip-chain model by augmenting 1.5 Skip-Chain CRFs 25 yt-1 yt yt+1 yt+100 yt+ 101 yt+ 101 xt-1 xt xt+1 xt+100 xt+ 101 xt+ 101 Senator John Green ran Green Figure 1.5 Graphical representation of a ... robust than generative models to violations of their independence assumptions [Lafferty et al., 2 001] Simply put, CRFs make independence assumptions among y, but not among x Another way to make ... optimization is much faster than the original approaches based on iterative scaling in Lafferty et al [2 001] , as shown experimentally by several authors [Sha and Pereira, 2003, Wallach, 2002, Malouf, 2002,...
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efficient training of conditional random fields.ps
... sum to one There are now two possible state sequences given the observation sequence so far – 012 3 and 012 7 To determine which of these sequences best accounts for the observation sequence, we must ... account for the observation sequence in question, we end up with two possible state sequences: 012 3456 and 012 7896 corresponding to the chunk labels “B-NP I-NP B-VP B-NP B-PP” and “B-NP I-NP I-NP B-VP ... conditional models for labelling data sequences provides a convenient method of overcoming the strong independence assump- 14 Chapter Directed Graphical Models tions required by practical generative...
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hidden conditional random fields for gesture recognition
... and shake detector In Proceedings from the Workshop on Perspective User Interfaces, November 2 001 S Kumar and M Herbert Discriminative random fields: A framework for contextual interaction in ... Conditional random fields: probabilistic models for segmenting and labelling sequence data In ICML, 2 001 A McCallum, D Freitag, and F Pereira Maximum entropy markov models for information extraction...
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dynamic conditional random fields- factorized probabilistic models
... Learning, 245–273 Kudo, T., & Matsumoto, Y (2 001) Chunking with support vector machines Proceedings of NAACL-2 001 Lafferty, J., McCallum, A., & Pereira, F (2 001) Conditional random fields: Probabilistic ... number N66 001- 02-1-8903; by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), through the Department of the Interior, NBC, Acquisition Services Division, under contract number NBCHD03 0010 ; and ... audio-visual speech recognition IEEE Int’l Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (pp 2013 – 2016 ) Peng, F., & McCallum, A (2004) Accurate information extraction from research papers using...
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