... a biosynthetic precursor of BR. Furthermore, minimalbinding domain of BRI1 was determined using binding assays and recombinantBRI1 fragments (Kinoshita et al. 2005). In other plant species, ... and freezing stresses. These proteins bind to ABRE and couple of other cis-actingelements with differential affinity and improve stresstolerancein transgenicArabidopsis by upregulating ERF5, KIN1, ... cooperation of these genes, p lants can properly respond to auxinsignals and environmental stresses, as well as maintain natural growth and devel-opment. The DNA-binding domains of ARFs bind to auxin...
... Examples includedystropin, profilin, spectrin and ankyrin, fimbrin and a-actinin (see ac-tinin), filamin, gelsolin, and the myosins. The term is sometimes ap-plied specifically to filamin.actin ... a-actinin, F-actin cross-linking protein, adimer of ∼200 kDa with an action similar to that of actinogelin.; and b-actinin, a dimer of ∼70 kDa, similar in action to gelsolin.actinogelin a protein ... occurring in Actinidiapolygama.actinin a minor protein constituent of muscle, found to be concen-trated in both the Z line and the I band. Two components of actininhave been identified: a-actinin,...
... development ofplants with biofarming potential in the frame of a highdemand of natural and ecologically accepted sources of renewable compounds and materials.4 Use of Cyanobacterial Proteins 85ReferencesBoyer, ... Distribution of Triterpenoids in Different Organs of G. glabraThe contents of glycyrrhizin, soyasaponins, and betulinic acid in various organs of G. glabra were determined by HPLC (glycyrrhizin) and ... SPS expressed inplants is inherently active, but it is inhibited in vivo by interacting with an endogenous plant protein. The nature of this protein, aswell as the mechanism of its interaction...
... accessing hydantoinases involved screening and iso-lating naturally occurring enzymes possessing hydan-toin-hydrolyzing activity from microbes, and usingthem to produce optically pure amino acids ... Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiologyand Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Shanghai, China2 Institute of Technical ... DNA of the corresponding organisms. The PCR fragments of the coding regions of HYDs were inserted in- frameinto pET28a, resulting in HYDs that were His-taggedat the N-terminus. Expression of...
... Second,the building block of the ligand having the strongestcontact with the protein shows the most intense NMRsignals, enabling mapping of the ligand’s binding epi-tope. Finally, and most importantly ... for screening and identifying ligand binding toprotein receptors. Angewandte Chemie-International Edi-tion 42, 864–890.16 Mayer M & Meyer B (1999) Characterization of ligandbinding by saturation ... could indicate that the corre-sponding hydroxyl groups are involved in proteinbinding.The results for the linebroadening measurements of protons H1a in the alpha and beta configurations,aHa1 and...
... containing 0.3 mMlinoleicacid and different amounts of protein samples. Decrease in O2concentration was monitored for 3 min and the enzy-matic activity was calculated from the initial rate of ... sequences of thehazelnut LOX gene. The inverted repeats are in bold and their orientations are indicated by arrows. TATA and CAAT boxes and the initiatingATG are also in bold.4368 A. Santino et ... depletion of a potato lipoxygenase reduceswound induction of proteinase inhibitor and increases weight gain of insect pest. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 1146–1151.7. Wang, C., Croft, K.P.C.,...
... microfilament bundles at the apical ends of cells in theinvaginating plate. He did find sparse bands of such filaments whichprobably contained actin in these cells, but they were indistinguishablefrom ... embryologist for testing ideas. The main ways of interfering with the embryo include changing external physical orchemical factors and examining the intrinsic potential of the embryo and itsconstituent ... distincttissues come together, and here we will examine the generation of the neuraltube in the newt and the formation of the ducted submandibular glands of the mouse. The latter example in...
... are indicated in green, translocationfactors in orange, and the effector proteinCagA in red. Overlapping boxes indicateprobable protein–protein interactions.Integrin heterodimers are indicated ... that CagF binding is not a signal recogni-tion event [48]. However, a fusion of GFP to the C-terminal 195 amino acids of CagA (containing theCagF-binding domain together with the C-terminalsignal ... response in vitro andin vivo, and the translocation and subse-quent tyrosine phosphorylation of its effector proteinCagA into various host cells is a hallmark of Cag-T4SS activity. Despite the molecular...
... residueinvolved in the coordination of type 1 copper atoms, located10 residues downstream of the single cysteine. This residue,which appears to have a role in determining the redoxpotential of ... specific activitiesfor syringaldazine and 2,6-DMP were pH 5.6 and 3.4 UÆmgprotein)1 and pH 4.6 and 2.8 UÆmg protein)1, respectively. In standard assay mixtures, the velocity of ABTS oxidationwas ... a Vmax of 16.4ÆUmgprotein)1. Corresponding values for syring-aldazine and 2,6-DMP under optimal conditions were0.01 mM and 4.9 UÆmg protein)1, and 0.57 mM and 5.6 UÆmg protein)1, respectively....
... expression of cyclins which bind CDKs and inactivate Rb. Activation of Ras also induces growth inhibitory effectors including p16 and p15. Similar to p53, p16 and p15 induce G1 arrest by inhibiting ... Activation of certain tyrosine kinase receptors, such as EGF receptors and HER2 (erbB-2) results in phosphorylation of catenins and prevention of their binding to cadherins [34-36]. Regarding to ... Following to binding of growth factors to their corresponding receptors the tyrosine kinase activity is induced and phosphorylation of specific residue(s) in the intracellular domain of receptors...
... with1 lM of HNE reporter peptide in coating buffer. Afterwashing and blocking, 50 lL of 400 pM BH216 in dilutionbuffer, preincubated with twofold dilutions of the inhibitingpeptide of interest, ... constraint required for binding to the keyresidues of the epitope.The HNE binding motifResidues critical for binding of mAb BH216 were deter-mined by substitution analysis of the HNE peptide, in ... precludingintramolecular cysteine scrambling induced sera crossreact-ing with MV hemagglutinin protein (Fig. 8B). Whether theabove data are in conflict or represent different functionalstates of...
... 366Regulating AraC Synthesis 368Binding Sites of the ara Regulatory Proteins 369DNA Looping and Repression of araBAD 371 In vivo Footprinting Demonstration of Looping 373How AraC Protein Loops and ... chainThymine AdenineTo chainCCCHNHNOHHCCCCNNCNHHNCNTo chainCytosine GuanineTo chainONHHFigure 2.2 Hydrogen bonding between adenine-thymine and guanine-cyto-sine ... Structure of Promoters 96Enhancers 99Enhancer-Binding Proteins 100DNA Looping in Regulating Promoter Activities 102Steps of the Initiation Process 104Measurement of Binding and Initiation...
... consid-ered in its entirety, including not only the binding and hydrolysis of the substrate in the enzyme active site, butalso the diffusion and access of the substrate to the bind-ing site of the ... Proteins, Institute of Nanobiology and Structural Biologyof GCRC, Academy of Sciences of theCzech Republic and Faculty of Sciences of the University of South Bohemia, Nove´Hrady, Czech RepublicIntroductionb-N-Acetylhexosaminidases ... simulations and liganddocking allowed us to provide a mechanistic under-standing of the details of the kinetics of these compli-cated enzymes. In particular, the docking of both pNP-GlcNAc and pNP-GalNAc...
... variations and molecular phylogeny of venom phospholipases and threefinger toxins of eastern India Bungarus fasciatus and kinetic analyses of its Pro31 phospholipases A2Inn-Ho Tsai1, Hsin-Yu Tsai1, ... all basic PLAs present in relatively highcontent and retain interfacial or membrane bindingproperties in spite of the low catalytic activities. In fact, many of the inactive Lys49 PLAs from ... RKCLTKYSQDNESSKTaKBf3F-LT and VIIIa were co-purifed as revealed by N-terminal sequencing and mass analysis.Fig. 3. Alignment of amino acid sequences of KBf PLAs and related venom PLAs. Single-letter codes of amino...