... and phylogeny. How-
ever, the nature ofthe connections between these
factors needs to be understood at the level ofthe pro-
tein domain. The global properties ofthe HTFN
topology are partially ... property of the
bHLH domains. Therefore, this seems to be a topo-
logical constrain derived from the evolution of this
family.
Evolution based on domain reusing might explain
the abundance of certain ... TFIIE-a, TFIIE-b
F 57 42% Zn finger domains. It contains the 90% of the
members of nuclear receptor
superfamily (they are Zn fingers
also) ofthe HTFN.
14-3-3 zeta, STAT1a, STAT1b, dCREB, ATF-1,
FTF,...
... more than 50% of the
GlnK–TnrA interaction in the presence of 2 mm ATP.
On the other hand, 2-oxoglutarate did not influence
the GlnK–TnrA interaction, either alone, in the
absence of divalent metals, ... was shown to depress the transcriptional activ-
ity of TnrA [9,10,18].
Taken together, the results from this investigation
provide indications ofthe physiological role of the
GlnK–TnrA interaction, ... resolve the inhibitory
effect of ATP on the GlnK–TnrA interaction in the
absence of divalent cations more clearly, ATP was
titrated to the binding assays in the absence or pres-
ence of 2-oxolguatarate....
... whether these cytokines are
produced by CD4
+
CD25
+
Foxp3
+
T
reg
or whether
they induce the production of these cytokines from
another population of cells [20].
To date, our knowledge about the ... important in the development of a number of these cell types.
They were found within the zebrafish genome, using a synteny approach in
the case of t-bet and foxp3. Multiple alignments of zebrafish ... domains
important in the functioning of these transcription
factors. T-bet (also known as Tbox-21) belongs to the
T-box family of genes, consisting of over 20 members
characterized in mammals [35]. They contain...
... increase in apoptosis [73]. The authors of this study
ascribe the regulation of outgrowth of limb buds and
patterning ofthe digits to the chicken AP-2.
The role of AP-2a was further studied in zebrafish.
It ... because ofthe severe skeletal defects in growth
and the development of face and limbs [17–19]. Don-
ner et al. tried to link the expression of AP-2a in these
tissues to upstream signaling pathways. ... further analyze their interactions with AP-2 and the
functional role of these in chondrocytes.
Furthermore, it is speculated that in melanoma,
where AP-2a acts as a tumor suppressor, the loss of
AP-2a...
... in the central cylinder ofthe root, but not in the lower parts ofthe hypocotyl (a). Rosette leaves were
stained in the vascular tissue ofthe leaf blade, whereas the petiole and older parts of ... this has the potential to predict possible pro-
tein binding to the BPMs. It will also be of importance
to define the functional impact ofthe BPM family on
the activity of ERF ⁄ AP2 transcription ... staining within the vascular tissue at the end
of the leaf blade, whereas the basal parts close to the
petiole remained almost unstained. We observed clear
GUS expression in the primary root of 7-day-old...
... interruption ofthe geometry
of the recognition helix for either Antp or the TTF-1
HD, the anomalous amide exchange pattern and the
NOE connectivity data ofthe C-terminal portion of
helix III ... conflict with the
global interpretation ofthe data. With the exclusion of
the N-terminal octapeptidyl and C-terminal nonapept-
idyl fragments of Glu17, Leu34 and Lys46, the average
of the {
1
H}–
15
N ... Lorentzian model of J(x) calculated over a
very wide range of correlation times, s. Most of the
experimental points accumulate rather close to the
upper intercept ofthe theoretical curve and the fitting
(solid)...
... and the cleavage
of DNA by alkali [31]. The method allows easy detection of
DNA–protein interactions via the N7 position of guanines
in the major groove and via the N3 position of adenines in
the ... coupled with the topology
changes resulting from the loss of 1.5 superhelical turns
of the DNA over the whole construct, suggest that the
chromatin is indeed more relaxed in the absence of
hormone. ... in
hormone-induced transcription ( 50% of full induction
when added early, compare lanes 3, 4 and 11, 12). Neither of
these effects depended on the TSA concentration over the
range used in these experiments,...
... connected to the DEC1 E-boxes
(Fig. 2), while deletion ofthe Orange domain ( DEC1DOr-
ange) had no effect on the suppressive activity, indicating
the importance of t he bHLH region of DEC1.
The HXXXXXXXR ... conclude that the basic region, p artic-
ularly the conserved A rg65, but not His57, is essential for
the suppressive activity of DEC1.
Determination ofthe binding domain of DEC1 to BMAL1
The interaction ... that the C-terminal region, including the PAS-B
domain of BMAL1, is required for the binding to DEC1,
Fig. 4. Identification ofthe domain of D EC1
that interacts with BMAL 1. Interactions of
various...
... acetylation of H3 and H4
histones, and the remaining DHSs in the deleted cells
were examined to determine the roles of these DHSs
on the transcription of Ig-b gene and on the mainten-
ance ofthe active ... Thus,
there again has been no description either of the
region involved in DNase I general sensitivity or
of the region for the formation of DHSs, although
chromatin opening activity ofthe LCR ... )13 kb in the Na channel gene and
the other at +13 kb downstream ofthe GH gene, have
Fig. 6. H3 and H4 acetylation ofthe Ig- b locus in the region II dele-
tion cells. The acetylation of wild...
... factors as the mutation
of the CRE site within the COX-2 promoter or the
expression of a dominant negative mutant of CREB
reduces inducibility ofthe COX-2 promoter [9,12–14].
The transcription ... observed across
the different studies as well as the similarity of the
recognition sites ofthe NFAT and Ets factors led us to
investigate the potential involvement ofthe epithelial
specific ... converts
arachidonic acid into the prostaglandin H2. This prod-
uct is the critical point ofthe synthetic pathway of
numerous members ofthe prostaglandin family. COX
exists as two major isoforms derived from...
... T)11
and T+2. Therefore, the measured contribution of these
forms to the integrated intensity of these two bases was
used in the calculation ofthe contribution of individual
bases to the integrated ... and elements ofthe b subunit
that make up the back wall ofthe RNAP active-site
channel, until it passes near the active site [11]. The
very low reactivity ofthe thymines close to the cata-
lytic ... charges of
both DNA phosphates and the carboxylic groups of
three aspartates ofthe NADFDGD motif involved in
the binding of catalytic Mg
2+
ions [23,42]. Chelation
of these ions to the carboxylic...
... upstream of
the major transcription start site. The presence of a CCAAT
box and the absence of a TATA box seem to be one of the
characteristics ofthe mouse integrin a3 gene.
We identified two transcription ... (where A/C is the transcription start site). The
role ofthe sequence containing CCT is unknown but it
might play a role in the initiation of transcription.
The active promoter region ofthe mouse ... upstream ofthe SacI) sites (Fig. 1).
Sequence analysis ofthe 5Â-anking region and
determination of transcription start sites of mouse
integrin a3 subunit gene
The nucleotide sequence ofthe 0.5...
... clarify the distinct roles of Sp1 and Sp3 at
different phases ofthe cell cycle.
The transcriptional cofactor p300 is coprecipitated in
complexes with Sp1 [38]. The activation ofthe promoter of
thegeneforp21
Waf1/Cip1
by ... Characterization ofthe promoter ofthe mouse Dnmt1 gene. (A)
Transcriptional activity ofthe mouse Dnmt1promoterinNIH3T3
cells. The top diagram shows the mouse Dnmt1geneandthelower
diagram shows the variously ... revealed the activation of the
promoter ofthe Dnmt1 gene in the presence of Sp3. The
transcriptional coactivator p300 interacted with Sp3 in
vivo and in vitro. Our results indicate that expression of
the...
... promoters. These results show that
the configuration of nGAAn units in the promoter is
important in determining which hHSF members are
involved in the regulation ofthe gene.
Footprint analysis ofthe ... without
changing the magnitude ofthe heat shock response
(cp3). The mutational analysis ofthe CRYGA and
CRYGC HSEs suggests that the nucleotide sequences
and configuration of nGAAn-like units ... as judged from the amount and
mobility ofthe complex (Fig. 1B). Notably, the
amount of complex formed with hHSF4 and HSEgap
or HSEstep was more than 70% that of hHSF4–
HSE3P. Therefore, like...