... which encodes the first two structural motifs, and hence the N-terminal domain ofthe protein, just as in the genes for cS and cA–F However, the second half ofthe gene has the structure of a b-crystallin ... mammalian evolution These changes illustrate the way in which gene families may expand, contract and adapt They may also help us understand the functions ofthe c-crystallin family in vision and elsewhere ... encoding the two motifs ofthe C-terminal domain The crygn gene is thus a hybrid of b and c crystallin gene structures, apparently an intermediate in theevolutionofthe c-crystallins from the b-crystallins...
... consequence ofthe physical laws of our universe andthe subatomic structure ofthe oxygen atom As we shall see in Chap 2, the existence of oxygen atoms is in turn a necessary result oftheevolutionof ... Thus, the higher the pH value, the lower the proton concentration and therefore the degree of dissociation of water This behavior of water depends strongly on the temperature, the higher the temperature ... the nucleus The number of protons in a nucleus gives its atomic number and its positive charge Add the number of neutrons and you have the atomic mass The nucleus ofthe most common isotope of...
... in nature These are often called white, brown, and pink noise, and all are defined by the relation between the frequency and power (proportional to the square ofthe amplitude) of their components ... videos, and most of what is called art film—is designed to suppress awareness ofthe presentational aspects ofthe film while promoting the narrative The units of film are the act, the sequence, the ... near the film’s end was analyzed as Shot The autocorrelation ofthe length of a Shot with itself (Lag 0) is always 1.0; autocorrelations ofthe length of Shot with the lengths of Shots (Lag 1) and...
... tF > tS, and if CFn are the net cash flows ofthe investment of new entrants, then the expected market value of new entrants will equal the sum of discounted value ofthe investment andthe net ... abandoned wholesale regulation (the case ofthe USA) and some others have shifted from light-handed regulation to heavy-handed regulation with mandatory unbundling ofthe local loop (the case of ... aspects ofthe ladder of investment theory and also refers to papers presenting empirically based analyses ofthe tenability ofthe theory Moreover, the chapter introduces the issue of intermodal...
... tF > tS, and if CFn are the net cash flows ofthe investment of new entrants, then the expected market value of new entrants will equal the sum of discounted value ofthe investment andthe net ... abandoned wholesale regulation (the case ofthe USA) and some others have shifted from light-handed regulation to heavy-handed regulation with mandatory unbundling ofthe local loop (the case of ... aspects ofthe ladder of investment theory and also refers to papers presenting empirically based analyses ofthe tenability ofthe theory Moreover, the chapter introduces the issue of intermodal...
... taxa to the Strongylida are members ofthe Rhabditina, including C elegans, and both are grouped in Clade V ofthe Nematoda, on the basis of small subunit rRNA sequence analysis [48] The set of 742 ... we have addressed the question of whether secreted proteins of parasitic nematodes show accelerated evolution, and our results indicate that this is the case The predominance of predicted secreted ... at the 5' end of a proportion of their mRNA transcripts; a short leader sequence is added upstream ofthe initiation codon The leader is normally a 22-nucleotide sequence termed SL1 [51] The...
... TFs and putative, as yet uncharacterized regulators We analyzed the history of each ofthe global regulators, andof a sample of each ofthe other types of regulators (see Figure and Materials and ... two operons, andthe proximity of these regulators to their regulated genes suggests that HGT might be involved in theevolutionof these regulatory relationships [14] Furthermore, these neighbor ... which the relative age ofthe duplication andofthe regulation was unclear, and operon structure could not be used to clarify.) The other 6% to 9% of interactions arose by convergent evolution...
... First, the initial impact of SOX on onshore and offshore outsourcingof accounting In particular, the emergence of India as a major destination for offshore and offshore outsourcing Second, theoutsourcing ... piece in the drive for outsourcing accounting related work following SOX VI The Impact of Sox on the Future ofOutsourcing Global Accounting Standards The future ofthe outsourcing/ offshoring of accounting-related ... India or the Philippines eases the workload ofthe tax professional These professionals are often over-worked and/ or time constrained, and they view outsourcing as a natural outgrowth from the current...
... and Ardipithecus ramidus Given the fragmentary state of these remains, andthe difficulties inherent in their comparison, there is much discussion as to the validity of their hominid status The ... operation, there is no way of determining which level of analysis is the most relevant to the study ofthe neural correlates of aesthetic preference Additionally, the evolutionary emergence of such ... that there is greater space filled by axons and dendrites This picture of a mosaic of primitive and derived aspects ofthe organization ofthe human orbitofrontal cortex was also the result of...
... structure, and that some ofthe subunits of PDH, OGDH and OADH are related The functional and evolutionary relationships between the subunits of these enzymes are somewhat complicated In a nutshell, the ... consists of 11 different enzymes [3,6]), the glycolytic/ gluconeogenic pathway [3,6], andthe two different pathways of isoprenoid biosynthesis [7] Recently, theevolutionofthe biosynthetic pathway ... compartmentalized in the glyoxysomes of plants [31], the single exception being aconitase, which is localized in the cytosol [32,33] Here we investigate theevolutionofthe enzymes ofthe pyruvate dehydrogenase...
... secular, medical ethics and forging the intellectual and moral concept of medicine as a fiduciary profession and thereby inventing professional medical ethics and, therefore, the profession of medicine ... of Physicians of Edinburgh; the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh; the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow; the National Library of Scotland; the Wellcome Institute for the ... History of Medicine, the University of Michigan, the University of Pittsburgh, the Cleveland Clinic, the New York Consortium for the History of Medicine at the New York Academy of Medicine, and the...
... indeed the ancestral host of Achryso- chroides Regarding the effect of taxa sampling on the reconstruction of reproductive strategies, although the biology of most species in other parts ofthe ... size and sex ratio The mapping indicates several changes in reproductive strategy with apparently parallel evolutionofthe unusual split sex broods (and of mixed sex broods) in the latreillii and ... trees ofthe order Fagales (oaks, birch, alder, etc.) and colonized plants ofthe order Fabales, Rosales and Sapindales once each (Fig 4) Mapping of plant growth form indicates that the ancestor of...
... the comments and suggestions ofthe participants ofthe workshop ‘Economic Theory andthe Practice of Consumption: Evolutionary and other Approaches’, organised by the University of Cassino and ... analysing the shape ofthe growth pattern ofthe quantity of cinema consumed and expenditure on cinema The time ofthe take-off will be estimated quantitatively (and its timing compared with the qualitative ... exact date to the emergence ofthe idea, or concept of cinema, but the first projection of moving images dates from the 1850s, andthe first patents on the viewing and projection of motion pictures...
... collection of a broad array of current and retrospective socio-economic and health information among individuals, households, and communities2 The selection of households is representative of 83% ofthe ... constraints The reduced-form is obtained by substituting the determinants ofthe chosen health behaviors into equation (1) for the xht To derive the determinants ofthe xht, we make the standard assumption ... constrained by available time and resources, by the health production function, andthe price and quality of all available medical services Therefore, the health behavior demands in period t are: xt...
... excluded that it was the c1 subunit but likely, as the c ring is rather stable, andthe use of Triton X100 should not lead to removal of c1 only The basic biochemical properties ofthe complete enzyme ... present Further discussion ofthe coupling efficiencies has to await the determination ofthe rotor subunit stoichiometry In summary, we have solved a longstanding problem, the purification ofthe Na+ ... membrane-embedded motor This is the starting point for a detailed analysis ofthe stucture and function ofthe rotor ofthe Na+ F1F0-ATP synthase from A woodii, the first containing V0- and F0-like c subunits...
... work is properly cited 4 Evolutionofthe Molecular Biology of Brain Tumors andthe Therapeutic Implications high grade gliomas The structure and compounds ofthe ECM ofthe brain tissue have many ... infiltrate the enviro‐ ment and form it similar to the tumor tissue The process ofthe peritumoral invasion de‐ pends on the confrontation zone ofthe tumor cells andthe non-neoplastic cells and ECM ... mortality ofthe patient Moreover, the presence ofthe blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the passage of a wide variety of anticancer agents The high incidence of recur‐ rence and poor prognosis of malignant...
... M1 and M2 in the N-domain, and motifs M3 and M4 in the C-domain In both the c-monomer andthe b subunit, the four motifs andthe two domains are organized symmetrically, with local intermotif and ... research groups in their investigations on the structural determinants andtheevolutionofthe b-type and c-type crystallins [7,25,44–51] The burying ofthe hydrophobic patches at the interdomain ... suggested by the interdomain hydrophobic interactions observed between the C-terminal extensions ofthe b-C-domain andthe surface ofthe N-domain from the partner subunit [20], and by the peculiar...
... exchanges The regression ofthe sea from the Greek mainland andthe Aegean landmass at the end ofthe Burdigalian prevented marine connections with the Paratethys in the area ofthe Dardanelles The ... ecosystems, the shallow marine realm andthe deep sea A Wrst set of contributions dealt with the palaeogeographic evolutionofthe Tethys area andthe eVects of changes in the extent ofthe Tethys ... climates andthe application of climate modelling, the reconstruction of past geographical events, andthe eVects they had on European environments andthe plants and animals living in them Together,...
... Institutional Inequality andthe Mobilization ofthe Family andMedical Leave Act How the rights created by the Family andMedical Leave Act operate in practice in the courts and in the workplace? This ... disability, andthe appropriate roles of men and women in the family This study examines how these institutions shape the way courts, employers, and workers understand the meaning of family andmedical ... in their roles as workers, including Title VII ofthe Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title I ofthe ADA, and most recently the FMLA Although these statutes explicitly recognize the status of women and...