orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for highspeed optical transmission

... (lb). Such changes were accounted for in the picosecond irradiation of thin c-Si films3 by assuming an average film temperature for the fitting of the measured optical properties. In this study, ... laser light, having a refractive index that is real, n^,+i= 1.46. Utilizing the formalism of the characteristic transmission matrix, the lumped structure reflectivity and transmissivity can ... (ns) 120 150 FIG. 1. Surface temperature histories for a 0.2 pm-thick amorphous silicon layer, irradiated with an excimer laser (A=O.248 pm) for laser fluences F= 19.6,31.6,46.6 mJicm’. The...

... for today’s next generation networks, look to ADC’s CWDM solutions to help you win the race. Metro Transport Ring Using CWDM HEADEND RESIDENTIAL Optical Node Hub Hub Hub Hub Optical Node Optical Node Optical Node INDUSTRIAL WIRELESS HANDOFF HIGH-RISE ... CWDM HEADEND RESIDENTIAL Optical Node Hub Hub Hub Hub Optical Node Optical Node Optical Node INDUSTRIAL WIRELESS HANDOFF HIGH-RISE MDU/ BUSINESS Satellite Uplink F i b e r L i n e W a v e l e n g t h s The CWDM Advantage ADC Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing ... Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) Generate More Revenue with Less Fiber Here's How it Works In simple...

... the exciting force provide its frequency control. In this way, operation of EVCD becomes independent of network supply frequency. The paper presented a possible solution low -frequency IGBT ... and frequency in a wide range is achieved by means of suitable power converter and corresponding controller. The range of amplitude oscillation for most EVCD is 0.1mm-100mm, while the frequency ... 2009 NOVI SAD, REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, October 28 th - 30 th , 2009 LOW FREQUENCY IGBT CONVERTER FOR CONTROL EXCITING FORCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC VIBRATORY CONVEYORS Željko Despotović, Aleksandar...

... Port 1550nm 1570nm 1550nm IN Common Port Optical Components Optical Components Page 3 ADC Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing CWDM VAM Module Ordering Guide and Information Definition of Variables CW ... nm 1510 nm 1330 nm Common Port or Input Optical Components Page 6 ADC Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing CWDM VAM Module Ordering Guide and Information CWDM Module Types WideVAM đ VMW UsedwithADC8"FCMandindustry- standard ... Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) CWDM VAM Module Ordering Guide and Information Page 5 Application #2: Ordering a MicroVAM CWDM Module ã ExampleB:Twocommonportsandtwochannelsforeachcommonport. ã...

... Director for Science Coordinating Center for Health Information and Service Steven L. Solomon, MD Director National Center for Health Marketing Jay M. Bernhardt, PhD, MPH Director Division of ... Need for TB Screening and Frequency of Screening HCWs Risk classication should be used as part of the risk assess- ment to determine the need for a TB screening program for HCWs and the frequency ... should include appropriate screening for LTBI and TB disease for dental HCWs, education on the risk for transmission to the dental HCWs, and provisions for detection and management of patients...

... are as follows; Mes for pH 6.0, Hepes for pH 7.0, Tris for pH 8.0 and 9.0, TAPS for pH 10.0. The reaction was incu- bated for 24 h with I-CsmI(237) and I-CsmI(200), and incubated for 6 h with I-CsmI(217), ... fix the nonfunctional element. Therefore, regular horizontal transmission of an intron to a new species before its functional deterioration seems essential for its evolu- tionary long-term persistence. ... parasitic elements that exhibit horizontal transmission. Regular invasional transmission is likely essential for both homing introns and inteins. In fact, for the target site of intein homing endonuclease...

... COMBINING DISCRETE ORTHOGONAL MOMENTS AND DHMMS FOR OFF-LINE HANDWRITTEN CHINESE CHARACTER RECOGNITION Xianmei Wang, Yang Yang, and Kang Huang School of Information and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing No. 30, Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China, 100083 plum-wanggtom.com Abstract moments requires a coordinate transformation which may Discrete orthogonal moment set is one of the novel also cause precision loss. feature moment-based descriptors for image analysis. Some researchers such as MuKundan et al. have The Tchebichef moments and Krawtchouk moments are suggested the use of discrete orthogonal moments to the two representatives in this class. This paper studies overcome the problems associated with the continuous the performance of the two discrete orthogonal moments orthogonal moments. In the past few years, some in the recognition of off-line handwritten Chinese amount different discrete orthogonal moments are proposed such in words under Discrete-time Hidden Markov Models as Tchebichef moments [5-7] and Krawtchouk moments (DHMMs) framework. The lower order moments are [8] [9]. These discrete orthogonal moments are directly employed asfeatures. A serial of experiments are carried defined in the image coordinate space [(O, 0), (N-1, M- out to compare their performance with that of the 1)]. The implementation of the discrete orthogonal continuous orthogonal movements such as Zernike and moments doesn't involve any numerical approximation Legendre. Experimental results suggest that the and coordinate transformation. These properties make recognition performance of two discrete orthogonal discrete orthogonal moments much more suitable for 2-D moments is higher than that of the continuous discrete images as pattern features. It has been shown that these moments. In additional, different values of the number of discrete orthogonal moments have better performance zones, observation symbols and states are also used to than the conventional continuous orthogonal moments find the better model structure for the new approach. for image reconstruction [5] [8] [9]. As we know, for off-line handwritten character Keywords: Discrete orthogonal moments; DHMMs; Off recognition, most of obstacles remain in the strong line handwritten character recognition. variability of the handwriting styles. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are stochastic models which can deal with dynamic properties and variations among human 1. INTRODUCTION handwriting. Since the last decade, HMMs have been widely used for off-line handwritten character Moments with orthogonal basis functions, introduced recognition. There are basically two classes of HMMs by Teague [1], have minimal information redundancy in depending of the type of observation sequence, i.e. a moment set. In this class, the two most important discrete-time HMMs (DHMMs) and continuous-time orthogonal moments which have been extensively HMMs (CHMMs). Both of them have been successfully researched in pattern recognition field are Zernike applied to the recognition of off-line handwritten moments and Legendre moments [2-4]. Now they have character. However, DHMMs are more attractive because been widely used as fundamental features for character of their low computational cost. recognition. But both Zemike and Legendre moments In this paper, we proposed a method by extracting belong to the class of continuous moments. For digital discrete orthogonal moments feature for DHMMs-based images, their computation requires numerical character recognition. Then we study and compare the approximation of continuous integral. This process can discrete orthogonal moments for unconstrained off-line cause error, especially when the order of the moments handwritten Chinese amount in words recognition with increases. Additionally, the use of Zernike and Legendre 12 Chinese words. In the literature of image processing, ' ~~~~~~~~~it is well established that the important and perceptually Proc. 5th IEEE Int. Conf. on Cognitive Informatics (ICCI'06) Y.Y. Yao, Z.Z. Shi, Y. Wang, and W. Kinsner (Eds.)78 1 -4244-0475-4/06/$20.OO @2006 IEEE78 ... COMBINING DISCRETE ORTHOGONAL MOMENTS AND DHMMS FOR OFF-LINE HANDWRITTEN CHINESE CHARACTER RECOGNITION Xianmei Wang, Yang Yang, and Kang Huang School of Information and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing No. 30, Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China, 100083 plum-wanggtom.com Abstract moments requires a coordinate transformation which may Discrete orthogonal moment set is one of the novel also cause precision loss. feature moment-based descriptors for image analysis. Some researchers such as MuKundan et al. have The Tchebichef moments and Krawtchouk moments are suggested the use of discrete orthogonal moments to the two representatives in this class. This paper studies overcome the problems associated with the continuous the performance of the two discrete orthogonal moments orthogonal moments. In the past few years, some in the recognition of off-line handwritten Chinese amount different discrete orthogonal moments are proposed such in words under Discrete-time Hidden Markov Models as Tchebichef moments [5-7] and Krawtchouk moments (DHMMs) framework. The lower order moments are [8] [9]. These discrete orthogonal moments are directly employed asfeatures. A serial of experiments are carried defined in the image coordinate space [(O, 0), (N-1, M- out to compare their performance with that of the 1)]. The implementation of the discrete orthogonal continuous orthogonal movements such as Zernike and moments doesn't involve any numerical approximation Legendre. Experimental results suggest that the and coordinate transformation. These properties make recognition performance of two discrete orthogonal discrete orthogonal moments much more suitable for 2-D moments is higher than that of the continuous discrete images as pattern features. It has been shown that these moments. In additional, different values of the number of discrete orthogonal moments have better performance zones, observation symbols and states are also used to than the conventional continuous orthogonal moments find the better model structure for the new approach. for image reconstruction [5] [8] [9]. As we know, for off-line handwritten character Keywords: Discrete orthogonal moments; DHMMs; Off recognition, most of obstacles remain in the strong line handwritten character recognition. variability of the handwriting styles. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are stochastic models which can deal with dynamic properties and variations among human 1. INTRODUCTION handwriting. Since the last decade, HMMs have been widely used for off-line handwritten character Moments with orthogonal basis functions, introduced recognition. There are basically two classes of HMMs by Teague [1], have minimal information redundancy in depending of the type of observation sequence, i.e. a moment set. In this class, the two most important discrete-time HMMs (DHMMs) and continuous-time orthogonal moments which have been extensively HMMs (CHMMs). Both of them have been successfully researched in pattern recognition field are Zernike applied to the recognition of off-line handwritten moments and Legendre moments [2-4]. Now they have character. However, DHMMs are more attractive because been widely used as fundamental features for character of their low computational cost. recognition. But both Zemike and Legendre moments In this paper, we proposed a method by extracting belong to the class of continuous moments. For digital discrete orthogonal moments feature for DHMMs-based images, their computation requires numerical character recognition. Then we study and compare the approximation of continuous integral. This process can discrete orthogonal moments for unconstrained off-line cause error, especially when the order of the moments handwritten Chinese amount in words recognition with increases. Additionally, the use of Zernike and Legendre 12 Chinese words. In the literature of image processing, ' ~~~~~~~~~it is well established that the important and perceptually Proc. 5th IEEE Int. Conf. on Cognitive Informatics (ICCI'06) Y.Y. Yao, Z.Z. Shi, Y. Wang, and W. Kinsner (Eds.)78 1 -4244-0475-4/06/$20.OO @2006 IEEE78 ... COMBINING DISCRETE ORTHOGONAL MOMENTS AND DHMMS FOR OFF-LINE HANDWRITTEN CHINESE CHARACTER RECOGNITION Xianmei Wang, Yang Yang, and Kang Huang School of Information and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing No. 30, Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China, 100083 plum-wanggtom.com Abstract moments requires a coordinate transformation which may Discrete orthogonal moment set is one of the novel also cause precision loss. feature moment-based descriptors for image analysis. Some researchers such as MuKundan et al. have The Tchebichef moments and Krawtchouk moments are suggested the use of discrete orthogonal moments to the two representatives in this class. This paper studies overcome the problems associated with the continuous the performance of the two discrete orthogonal moments orthogonal moments. In the past few years, some in the recognition of off-line handwritten Chinese amount different discrete orthogonal moments are proposed such in words under Discrete-time Hidden Markov Models as Tchebichef moments [5-7] and Krawtchouk moments (DHMMs) framework. The lower order moments are [8] [9]. These discrete orthogonal moments are directly employed asfeatures. A serial of experiments are carried defined in the image coordinate space [(O, 0), (N-1, M- out to compare their performance with that of the 1)]. The implementation of the discrete orthogonal continuous orthogonal movements such as Zernike and moments doesn't involve any numerical approximation Legendre. Experimental results suggest that the and coordinate transformation. These properties make recognition performance of two discrete orthogonal discrete orthogonal moments much more suitable for 2-D moments is higher than that of the continuous discrete images as pattern features. It has been shown that these moments. In additional, different values of the number of discrete orthogonal moments have better performance zones, observation symbols and states are also used to than the conventional continuous orthogonal moments find the better model structure for the new approach. for image reconstruction [5] [8] [9]. As we know, for off-line handwritten character Keywords: Discrete orthogonal moments; DHMMs; Off recognition, most of obstacles remain in the strong line handwritten character recognition. variability of the handwriting styles. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are stochastic models which can deal with dynamic properties and variations among human 1. INTRODUCTION handwriting. Since the last decade, HMMs have been widely used for off-line handwritten character Moments with orthogonal basis functions, introduced recognition. There are basically two classes of HMMs by Teague [1], have minimal information redundancy in depending of the type of observation sequence, i.e. a moment set. In this class, the two most important discrete-time HMMs (DHMMs) and continuous-time orthogonal moments which have been extensively HMMs (CHMMs). Both of them have been successfully researched in pattern recognition field are Zernike applied to the recognition of off-line handwritten moments and Legendre moments [2-4]. Now they have character. However, DHMMs are more attractive because been widely used as fundamental features for character of their low computational cost. recognition. But both Zemike and Legendre moments In this paper, we proposed a method by extracting belong to the class of continuous moments. For digital discrete orthogonal moments feature for DHMMs-based images, their computation requires numerical character recognition. Then we study and compare the approximation of continuous integral. This process can discrete orthogonal moments for unconstrained off-line cause error, especially when the order of the moments handwritten Chinese amount in words recognition with increases. Additionally, the use of Zernike and Legendre 12 Chinese words. In the literature of image processing, ' ~~~~~~~~~it is well established that the important and perceptually Proc. 5th IEEE Int. Conf. on Cognitive Informatics (ICCI'06) Y.Y. Yao, Z.Z. Shi, Y. Wang, and W. Kinsner (Eds.)78 1 -4244-0475-4/06/$20.OO @2006 IEEE78 ...

... work using FDTD for analyzing the SNOM, 14–16) for designing SNOM probes, for examples, apertureless probes, 17) double-tapered optical fiber probes, 18) and silicon dioxide atomic force microscopy ... on optical transmission on these apertures. In order to fully understand the optical transmission properties of these ridged apertures, we select the H-shaped (similar to I-shaped) aperture for ... verified here for the H-shaped aperture in the optical frequency range. As shown in the third column in Fig. 2, the previously defined H-shaped aperture also works for ultraviolet frequency, the...

... work using FDTD for analyzing the SNOM, 14–16) for designing SNOM probes, for examples, apertureless probes, 17) double-tapered optical fiber probes, 18) and silicon dioxide atomic force microscopy ... on optical transmission on these apertures. In order to fully understand the optical transmission properties of these ridged apertures, we select the H-shaped (similar to I-shaped) aperture for ... verified here for the H-shaped aperture in the optical frequency range. As shown in the third column in Fig. 2, the previously defined H-shaped aperture also works for ultraviolet frequency, the...

... number not for citation purposes) Regression plots for low frequency common drive time versus frequency domain techniquesFigure 4 Regression plots for low frequency common drive time versus frequency ... Central Page 1 of 12 (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation Open Access Research Time and frequency domain methods for quantifying common modulation ... both time and frequency domain techniques. Multiple recordings from concurrent activities of pairs of motor units are studied and linear regressions are performed between time and frequency domain...

... 1.8% for cetuxi- mab-IRDye (1.5, 2.8, and 4 .8 eq) and 2.8% and 3.5% for bevacizumab-IRDye (1.1 and 2.2 eq). Besides this, only minor peak c hanges were observed for both mAbs, as illustrated for ... radiochemical purity, by high-per- formance liquid chromatography [HPLC] for mAb integrity and purity, and by an antigen-binding assay for immunoreactivity. ITLC analysis was performed on silica gel-impregnated ... an immunoreactivity assay essentially as described before [30], using A431 cells f ixed with 2% paraformaldehyde for cetuximab conjugates. For bevacizumab, an enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay...

... queue size of total packets waiting for transmission. The information is piggy- backed with the data packet before sending back to QAP. The next TXOP allocation for the particular flow will be calculated ... degradation of 1 dB for PSNR R and 0.17 for MOS R values compared to ATMV2andARROW. For For eman (Figure 11c), ATMV2andARROW mechanisms show the same values as references for up to 5 concurrent ... packets already waited for transmission. However, it does not account for new arrival packets that might occur during the next SI. In our proposed mechanism, the TXOP duration for thenextSIwillnotbeadjustedprecisely.Itwillbe adjusted...