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19/02/2014, 04:20
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requiringnatural gas orpropaneasasourceofheat;therebysavingvaluable and diminishing
naturalresources.Spaceheaters and furnacesareexcellentcandidates.Stoves and other
cookingunitssuchasbarbecuegrillscanalsobefueledbythewater‐hybridsystem.Such
applicationsrequireaseparatepowersupplytoconvertyourhomes120voltACpowerintothe
12voltDCpowerrequiredbythewater‐hybridsystem.Youcanpurchaseaninexpensivepower
supplyatanyelectronicsstoresuchasRadioShack,or
havesomeonefamiliarwithelectronics
buildoneforyousincethedesignisverysimple.Thecostofhomeelectricityusedbythe
water‐hybridsystemisinsignificant,probablylessthan$3permonthinmostcases.
IstheWaterhybridsystemdifficulttobuild?
No,thewater‐hybridsystemisrelativelyeasytoassemble and veryeasytoinstall,especially
comparedwithotherconversionplansonthemarket.Nospecialtoolsarerequired.Theusual
tool and equipmentfoundinatypicalhomeworkshopwilldothejob.AssemblingtheHyTronic
moduletoachieveitsinherenthighlevelofreliabilityrequirescare and attentiontodetails,
alongwithaverageelectronicsskills.Theonlyspecialpieceoftestequipmentyoumaywantto
haveaccesstouseisanoscilloscope.ItISNOTnecessary,butmayhelpyouobtainpeak
efficiencyfromtheHyTronicsmodule.But,youshouldn’thaveanyproblemgettinghelpfroma
localelectronicsguruifyoudon’thaveanoscilloscope.Mostfolksaresofascinatedbyunusual
electronicsystems and devicesthattheywouldalmostbewillingtopayyoufortheprivilegeof
tweakingyourHyTronicsmodule!
CanIbuyareadytoinstallWaterhybridsystem?
Rightnow,thisspecificwater‐hybridsystemisnotbeingcommerciallymanufactured,butthere
arevariousdistributorsaroundthecountrywhoofferDIY(Doityourself)partsorfully
assembledkitsutilizingsimilartechnologies and principles.
PlanningisintheinitialstagesforproducingWater‐hybridconversionkitsformost
vehicles
and eventuallymanufacturingtheentiresystem,oratleastitsmajorcomponents.We’re
hopingtohavesomeprototypekitstestedsoon and deliveryofready‐to‐installkitsshould
beginsometimebeforetheendof2008.However,you’llsoonbebuildingyourown!
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2. ... Besurepetroleumjellycoatsonlytheendcapthreads.
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Figure5:GeneratorElectrodeCircuitSchematic
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ThesquarewavepulseratiodeterminestheamountofcurrentsenttotheGenerator
electrodesbythecircuitoffigure5.Iftheratioislow(1:1),verylittlecurrentarrivesatthe
electrodes.So,verylittlehydrogen and oxygenareproducedbytheGenerator.Iftheratiois
high(10:1),maximumcurrentreachestheelectrodes and theGeneratorproducesmaximum
gas volume.Varyingvoltageinputfromapotentiometerconnectedviaa10Kresistortopin3of
componentLM741causesthecircuittovarythepulseratio, and thereforecontrolstheamount
ofgasesproduced.Thepotentiometershaftconnectsto
thevehiclethrottlelinkage,enabling
controlof gas volumeindirectresponsetovoltagechangescorrelatingwithrotationofthe
potentiometershaftinrelationtothrottlepositioning.Atrimmingpotentiometerconnectspins
2 and 6ofcomponentLM741,enablingpreciseadjustmentofthethrottleinputsignal.A
secondtrimmingpotentiometerconnectspins4 and 7ofcomponentNE555,enablingprecise
pulsewidthadjustment.
TheelectrodepairsofeachGeneratorexhibitauniquefrequencyofelectricalresonanceat
whichoptimum gas volumeiscreated.Thisfrequencyoftenvariesconsiderablyamong
differentGenerators.Severalfactorsdetermineresonancefrequencysuchas:electrodesize
and
shape,Generatorchambersize and shape,spacingbetweenelectrodes,coilparameters
and relativepositioning, and pulseamplitude(voltagelevel).Atrimmingpotentiometer
connectedbetweenpins1 and 2ofcomponentCD4069allowstheprecisefrequencytobe
obtained.Byselectingvariouscombinationsofdipswitchconnectionstoabankoffour
capacitors,pulsefrequencycanbevariedbetweenapproximately8KHz and 260KHz.
... Usingyourfinger,applyaverythin,butunbroken,coatofepoxycompletelyaroundthe
bottomedge(rodend)oftheouterelectrode.Formabandexte4ndingabout¼”highfrom
thebottomedge,coatingboththeinside and outsidesurfacesoftheelectrode.
Note
Besuretoinstalltheouterelectrodefirst.
Note
Theprocedureofstep41centerstheinnerelectrodewithintheouterelectrode.Donot
overlaptapeendsifmoretapeisadded;simplybuttthetapeendsbeforecontinuingto
wrap.
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Forafewbriefmoments,onlymoreaccuratealignment and increasedpullingactionuponthe
watermoleculesoccurs.But,theHyTronicssignalpulseskeepchargingthewatercapacitorto
higher and highervoltagelevels;actuallyseveralthousandvolts.Suddenlytheelectricalforces
becomesogreatthatthewatermoleculesburstapart(scientistscallthisactiondisassociation)
intotheirgaseousformsofhydrogen and oxygen.IfyouwereabletolookintotheGenerator,
thisactionwouldbeobviousbecauseoftheformationofmillionsoftinyhydrogen and oxygen
gas bubbles.AslongastheHyTronicssignalisapplied,thewatercapacitorremainsfully
charged;continuouslycreatingorthohydrogen and oxygen.
Anotherelectroniccircuitisformedbythegeneratorcoil.Thisisaninductivecircuit,meaningit
createsamagneticfieldasopposedtothechargedfieldcreatedbythewatercapacitor.The
verylowfrequencyHyTronicssignal(actuallyashortpulse)activatesthemagneticfieldofthe
coil.Assoonasthepulsestops,themagneticfieldcollapses.Thiscreatesanevenstronger
magneticfield,butafieldofoppositepolarity.Thatishowaninductivecircuitworks,anaction
commonlycalled“inductivekick.”Eachpulseispreciselytimedsothatalmostimmediately
afterthemagneticfieldreverses,anothershortpulsearrives.Onceagainthecoilischarged and
itsmagneticfieldcollapses.Butnowthecontinuallyreversingmagneticfieldbecomeseven
strongerduetoaddedenergyofeachnewpulse.Eventually(actuallywithinjustafewseconds)
thecoilreachesitsmaximummagneticstrength,calleditssaturationpoint.
Mostmoleculesareeffectedbymagneticfields.Thecoil’sreversingmagneticfieldsvibratethe
watermoleculessovigorouslythattheydisassociateintogaseousformsofparahydrogen and
oxygen.Disassociationobservablyoccurs,asseenbythecreationofmillionsoftinyhydrogen
and oxygen gas bubblesaroundthecoil.
Atthispoint,we’vecoveredtheconceptsneededtounderstandthebasicfunctioningofthe
generator.EveryothercomponentoftheWater‐hybridsystemissimplyusedtoprecisely
controltheactionofthegenerator.Byvaryingthestrength and frequencyoftheHyTronic
signals,the
ratebywhichhydrogen and oxygenarecreatedcanbevariedtomatchengine
requirementsatanyparticularmoment.Waterissuppliedbythetank and pump,whilewater
levelwithintheGeneratoriscontrolledbyalevelsensor and switch.Forsafetypurposes,a
reliefvalveprotectsagainstexcesspressurebuildupwithinthegenerator.Separateportsare
providedforattachinghosestoroute gas totheengine and toanoptionalgaugetomonitor gas
pressurebuildupwithinthegenerator.Adrainvalveisinstalledtoallowperiodicflushingof
accumulatedminerals and contaminants.Thebottomendcapisthreaded
sothatthe
Generatorcaneasilybeopenedupforinspectionorrepair and foroccasionalcleaningofthe
electrodes and coil.Twopairsofstainlesssteel(copper,oranyconductivemetal)rodends
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Figure6:GeneratorCoilCircuitSchematic
TheGeneratorcoilcircuitcreatesapulsedsignalverymuchsimilartothatoftheelectrode
circuitoffigure5;but,productionofparahydrogen and oxygenbythecoilentailstotally
differentoperatingparametersthandoesorthohydrogen and oxygenproductionbythe
electrodes.Optimumoperatingfrequencyforthecoilismuch
lower,withintherangeof
approximately16Hzto25Hz.Coilfrequencydirectlycorrelatestotheoptimumoperating
frequencyoftheelectrodecircuitsinceitsinputsignalisreceiveddirectlyfrompin3of
electrodecircuitcomponentNE555.Theelectrodecircuitsignalisreceivedviathe“Divideby
N”logiccircuitwhichproducesoneoutputsignalinresponsetoaspecificnumberofinput
signals.Forexample,iftheoptimalfrequencyoftheelectrodecircuitis19KHz and the“Divide
byN”logiccircuitcreatesoneoutputpulseforevery1,000inputpulses,theoutputfrequency
ofthe“Divide
byN”logiccircuitwouldbe19Hz.Thatsignalisreceivedviapin2ofcomponent
NE555,whichcreatestherequiredsquarewavepulses.Thosepulsesaresentviapin3tothe
baseoftransistor2N3055,wheretheyareamplified and transmittedtothecoil.
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toslowitsburningrate.Atbestthisisaninexactsciencesinceitdependsupontryingto
averagetheoctanerequirementsformillionsofengines.
Technicallyspeaking,theHydrogen/OxygenGeneratoritselfisanelectronic‐basedunit.The
twoelectrodesformabasiccapacitor,thousandsoftimeslargerthancapacitors
usedintypical
circuits,withwateractingasitsdielectric.Theinnerelectrodeisnegativelycharged, and the
outerelectrodeispositivelycharged,bythehighfrequencyHyTronicssignal.Chemically,each
watermolecule(H20)iscomposedoftwopositivelychargedatomsofhydrogen and one
negativelychargedatomofoxygen.Since
oppositechargesattract,thepositivelycharged
hydrogenatomsarepulledtowardtheinnerelectrode.But,atthesameinstant,thenegatively
chargedoxygenatomsarepulledtowardtheouterelectrode.Thisactionalignseverywater
moleculebetweentheelectrodes,withtheendsofeachmoleculebeingpulledinopposite
directions.Inanutshell,thisisthehydrolysisprocesscentraltohydrogenextraction.
Figure1:Hydrogen/OxygenGenerator
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Let’sBuildthewaterhybridsystem!:GeneratorConstruction
Electrodes
Sinceenginerequirementsdictatethevolumeofhydrogen and oxygengasesthatthegenerator
mustcreate, and gas volumeisvariable,Irecommendsizingitaslargeasispracticaltoallow
reservecapacity.Maximumoutsidediameterof4.5”isalreadydeterminedbytheconstruction
materialusedfortheGeneratorhousing:
4”CPVCSchedule80pipe.Irecommendaminimum
heightof10”.Maximumheightdependsuponavailablespacewithintheenginecompartment
but,forstructuralintegrity,limitheightto18”.Carefullychecktheenginecompartmentofyour
vehicletoensurethatadequatespaceexistsforgeneratorinstallation.Ifadequatespacedoes
notexisteitherlimitthegeneratorheight(butnotlessthan10”),orlocatethegeneratorwithin
thetrunk,orasfarforwardaspossibleunderthedash.
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