... is the cut-off value in the Recommendations ofthe American Heart Association [35] andthe trigger for initiation of insulin treatment for ICU patients recommended by the American College of ... results and wrote the manuscript AVB and VG participated in patients' inclusion and follow-up IPR was involved in the analysis of results and writing the manuscript All the authors read and approved ... follow-up, 102 (15.2%) patients in the normoglycaemia group and 66 (18.3%) patients in the hyperglycaemia group died There were 154 patients in the normoglycaemia group and 93 in the hyperglycaemia...
... 193 47 IGF / IFG 33 DM 113 normoglycaemic Figure Flow diagram showing the loss ofpatients from initial screening to the end of five-year follow-up ... Critical Care 2010, 14:444 http://ccforum.com/content/14/5/444 Page of 2207 patients admitted to medical ICU 385 with a history of DM, IFG or IGT 1822 274 died in hospital 1548 screened 443 excluded...
... cancers ofthe mouth and pharynx, esophagus, lung, stomach, and colon and rectum; evidence of probable risk reduction was found for cancers ofthe larynx, pancreas, breast, and bladder [1] Many ofthe ... vitro system was used to test the use of supplemental digestive enzymes The digestive enzymes improved the digestibility and bioaccessibility of proteins and carbohydrates in the lumen ofthe small ... adequate The glycemic index is an indication ofthe blood sugar response ofthe body to a standardized amount of carbohydrate in a food The glycemic load takes into account the amount of food...
... Molecular Biology for the Study of Human Nutrition / The Inheritance of Genetic Packets of Information / A Brief Overview of Evolutionary Biology andthe Ascent of Man / 10 The –omics Revolution ... the genome and thousands of gene products in a multidimensional view of cellular processes that we now refer to as nutrigenomics This is the dawn ofthe age of molecular nutrition Molecular nutrition ... are genes, and how they lead to the expression of traits, the summation of which produces the state of “being human?” To understand this process, we need to examine the building blocks of our genetic...
... service assessment ofthe implications of changes in the size ofthe school age population andthe proportion of orphans and vulnerable children for education demand The effects ofthe epidemic have ... education to staff and students, and a range of health andnutrition services The extent ofthe SHN and HIV response varies between MoEs and is country-specific Highlights ofthe response are as ... is the budget ofthe MoE allocated to School Health and Nutrition? What is the budget ofthe MoE allocated to HIV&AIDS? What is the proportion of national versus external financing of SHN and...
... review of these hypotheses andofthe design and interpretation of such trials is given in the first IARC Handbook of Cancer Prevention10 Review ofthe role of diet in the aetiology ofthe major ... studies andthe results can, therefore, be confidently interpreted in terms of cause and effect Within the field of diet and cancer, however, trials are limited by the difficulty of randomising at the ... intakes of animal products, fat and sugar, low rates of these ‘Western’ cancers, and sometimes high rates of other types of cancer such as cancers ofthe oesophagus, stomach and liver5 Other studies...
... larynx, hair growth, and muscular development Testosterone maintains the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and sperm production ofthe testes The inner region ofthe adrenal gland, the medulla, is ... disease ofthe brain andthe leading cause of SENILITY in the United States About million Americans have Alzheimer’s disease, roughly 10 percent ofthe U.S population over the age of 65 and nearly ... affect health, the quality of life, and even longevity, and they realize that the explosive growth in medical costs requires attention to nutritionand food to prevent disease and even promote...
... pull them out ofthe ground, eat just the base ofthe new stem, and then discard them Once the new leaves are well developed, however, they leave the remaining plants untouched and depart And they ... acids and synchronise their breeding andthe raising of their young with times when the plants provide the greatest amount and concentration of these They might increase the concentration of this ... contrast to that of carnivores, is the time they spend eating, the volume of food they consume, andthe consequent volume of faeces they produce They spend the greater part of their lives eating,...
... residents around the city, including residents in the SHA’s LIPH program Neither could the study control for the enthusiasm and support offered by the SHA employees and City of Seattle Aging and Disability ... Opportunities and Self Sufficiency grant program The contents of this report are the views ofthe author and not necessarily reflect the views or policies of Solid Ground, Inc., the Congressional ... the University of Washington-Seattle i Acknowledgements The author gratefully acknowledges the involvement ofthe following individuals Without Paul Haas of Solid Ground and Dr Branden Born of...
... important for either development ofthe stereocilia of hair cells in the inner ear or proper localization of TRP channels at the tip of these stereocilia, which is crucial for the activity of these cells ... remarks The last few years have seen rapid progress in the study of TRP channels as well as other ion channels in the context of both actin andthe microtubule cytoskeleton The presence ofthe microtubule ... modulators ofthe microtubule cytoskeleton such as taxol, vincristin and their derivatives But in addition to the deleterious effect of these agents on the cancer, if applied systemically over the long-term...
... (additional file 1) One hand ofthe physician fixes the axis of rotation on top ofthe head, the other hand pulls the chin in the direction of movement (figure 1) First the amount of possible rotation ... • the test for lateral bending involves pressure ofthe examiner's hand on the side ofthe head in the direction of movement with the other hand positioned on the trapezius muscle on the other ... addition, the mobility test of Ott for the thoracic spine andthe technique of Schober for mobility ofthe lumbar spine should be carried out in anteflexion and retroflexion The second part of the...
... larynx, hair growth, and muscular development Testosterone maintains the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and sperm production ofthe testes The inner region ofthe adrenal gland, the medulla, is ... disease ofthe brain andthe leading cause of SENILITY in the United States About million Americans have Alzheimer’s disease, roughly 10 percent ofthe U.S population over the age of 65 and nearly ... affect health, the quality of life, and even longevity, and they realize that the explosive growth in medical costs requires attention to nutritionand food to prevent disease and even promote...
... radiation to the nutritional state ofthe mother and hence the fetus The type of birth defect andthe degree of severity, depend upon the type of external factor, the dose, as well as upon the developmental ... ends of long bones ofthe arms and legs Red bone marrow fills the cavities andthe ends of some long bones and most flat bones In adults, red marrow is the site of synthesis of red blood cells and ... reflects the resistance of blood flow in the capillary bed and arterioles as well as the elasticity of arteries themselves The heart exerts pressure throughout the circulatory system Ventricles of the...
... FIBER and MINERALS, the nutrient-rich GERM (embryo ofthe seed), the innermost part ofthe kernel, andthe starchy ENDOSPERM Milling and refining remove the bran and germ, thus removing much ofthe ... extract ofthe cocoa bean ofthe tree, which grows within 20 degrees ofthe equator To make chocolate, the beans are roasted, the shells are removed, andthe meat ofthe bean is ground and extracted ... major ingredient ofthe most popular brands of candy, the majority of which contain PEANUTS and peanut butter Their high content of REFINED CARBOHYDRATES and SATURATED FAT indicates these are high-calorie,...
... represents the last feet ofthe intestine It is shaped like a hoop around the mass ofthe small intestine The upward leg ofthe hoop represents the “ascending colon”; the top ofthe hoop represents the ... (DRI) The most recent set of dietary recommendations established by the Food andNutrition Board ofthe Institute of Medicine They update and expand the RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCES the benchmark ... SALIVA The tongue forces the BOLUS (wad) of food back into the mouth and into the upper part ofthe throat In the involuntary or automatic stage of swallowing, the bolus moves into the ESOPHAGUS, the...
... epithelial tissue (epithelium) The tissues lining the cavities and ducts ofthe body and all body surfaces The epithelium forms the skin, the lining ofthe GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and ducts of ... the hypothalamus, parts ofthe limbic systemofthe brain, and in the spinal cord They too are more potent painkillers than morphine It is believed they inhibit pain pathways ofthe nervous system ... endocrine systemThe collection of ductless glands that secrete HORMONES, chemical regulators ofthe body that travel to their target tissues via the bloodstream As members ofthe body’s systemof checks...
... food chain food chain The linkage ofthe feeding habits of animals to each other and to the plants they consume As the ultimate consumer of foods, humans are at the top ofthe food chain Livestock, ... increase the heart rate to pump more blood to the brain and muscles, and increase blood pressure Blood is channeled to muscles and brain and away from the skin andthe organs, except the lungs andthe ... convenient method of estimating body FAT This test relies on a measurement ofthe width of a fold of skin on the back ofthe upper arm or other part ofthe body Skin fold measurements, together with...
... materials to coat the surface ofthe digestive tract and other cavities Gastric glands in the lining ofthe stomach secrete GASTRIC JUICE for digestion The parotoid and salivary glands produce SALIVA ... which reflects a defect in the metabolism ofthe amino acid PHENYLALANINE, and GALACTOSEMIA, the result of a defect in the metabolism ofthe SUGAR GALACTOSE The severe effects of PKU can be avoided ... releasing factor” from the HYPOTHALAMUS, the part ofthe brain that regulates the PITUITARY GLAND, the master gland ofthe ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (hormone secreting glands) (See also AGING; ANABOLISM; BOVINE...
... controlled by the nervous systemandthe ENDOCRINE SYSTEMThe regulation and integration of these two systems is accomplished by the PITUITARY GLAND, the HYPOTHALAMUS, andthe ADRENAL GLANDS The hypothalamus ... preparations Their potency is affected by the plant’s age at the time of harvest, the season of harvest, the type of soil used for cultivation, the climate, andthe methods of storage and preparation ... vessels, and cardiac muscles The parasympathetic and sympathetic portions ofthe autonomic NERVOUS SYSTEM counterbalance each other The sympathetic division adapts the body to stress, while the parasympathetic...
... Organization ofthe Immune SystemThe two branches ofthe immune system are “cellular immunity” and “humoral immunity.” The first depends on the active participation of different types of cells Cellular ... about one-quarter ofthe length ofthe small intestine and averages 2.5 inches (6.5 cm) in diameter The opening between the terminal portion ofthe small intestine (ILEUM) andthe large intestine ... people with IBS the urge may come sooner, with cramps and diarrhea The strength ofthe response is often related to the number of calories in a meal and especially the amount of fat in a meal...