... available for calculating discretionary accruals Finally, we delete 718 public company observations in the year of an initial public offering (IPO) because Teoh etal (1998a) and Teoh etal (1998b) ... magnitude of discretionary accruals as well as extreme negative discretionary accruals Prelisting audit firm tenure also constrains extreme negative discretionary accruals.6 Our post5 Chi etal (2011) ... companies Our findings also supplement those in Kim etal (2011) and in Minnis (2011) Using a sample of private Korean companies, Kim etal (2011) find that the cost of debt capital is lower for companies...
... Between Auditor Quality and Auditor Size: An Analysis of Small CPA Firms’, Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 13, 2: 135–50 Commonwealth of Australia 2010, ‘Audit Quality in Australia ... (economies of scale) and a higher concentration of clients, they will make better judgements and therefore provide audits of higher quality Further, studies by Craswell etal (1995), Knechel etal (2007) ... procedures C 2011 CPA Australia Big N auditor Mid-tier firm Local firm ≤5 years >5 years 60% of audit fees Specialist Non-specialist External quality control...
... sort of totality -of- the-circumstances test—which is really, of course, not a test at all but an invitation to make an ad hoc judgment regarding congressional intent Thirteen Courts of Appeals ... Opinion of BREYER, J SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES _ Nos 11–1545 and 11–1547 _ CITY OF ARLINGTON, TEXAS, ET AL. , PETITIONERS 11–1545 v FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION ETAL ... _ CITY OF ARLINGTON, TEXAS, ET AL. , PETITIONERS 11–1545 v FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION ETAL CABLE, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, AND TECHNOLOGY COMMITTEE OF THE NEW ORLEANS CITY COUNCIL, PETITIONER...
... net income scaled by total assets at the beginning of the year falls into the interval between [0, 0.005].3 Finally, we define firms as meeting or just beating analyst forecasts if their actual ... indicator of audit quality Studies find that the Big N auditors charge higher audit fees (Craswell etal 1995), and they are associated with lower absolute value of discretionary accruals (Becker etal ... abnormal cash flow (Abn_CFO), abnormal production costs (Abn_Prod), and abnormal discretionary expenses (Abn_Discexp) follow Cohen etal (2008) Specifically, we calculate Abn_CFO as residuals of regression...
... 1:4* 1:2* Total Assets Total Assets Earnings before Interest and Taxes þ 3:3* Total Assets Market Value of Equity Sales þ 1:0* þ 0:6* Book Value of Total Debt Total Assets Note that: ... the natural logarithm of total assets for company i at time t LEVit ¼ the financial leverage ratio computed by scaling total liabilities to total assets of company i at time t FCit ¼ the Altman ... Johnson etal (2002) used the absolute level of DAs as a proxy of the quality of financial reporting The other proxy they used is the persistence of the accrual components of earnings Their use of...
... country k; = the natural log of market value of equity, where market value of equity is calculated as the closing price times the number of shares outstanding at the end of the fiscal year for firm ... LOGMV is the natural log of market value of equity for firm i in year t; MtoB is the market value divided by book value of equity i in year t; Age is the natural log of the number of years since ... Fundamental Analysis, and Stock Returns Journal of Financial Economics 61 (1):77-106 29 DeFond, M L., and J Jiambalvo 1994 Debt Covenant Violation and Manipulation of Accruals Journal of Accounting...
... by total assets; RET is the fiscal year stock return (Note 7); and DRET is the dummy variable set equal to if RET < 0, otherwise set equal to zero In Model (1), β1 measures the response of earnings ... with lower financial reporting quality As proxies for financial reporting quality they used the absolute value of unexpected accruals and the persistence of the accrual components of earnings Carcello ... β1RETit + β2DRETit + β3RETit * DRETit + β4ROTATit + β5ROTATit * RETit + β6ROTAT * DRETit (2) + β7ROTATit * RETit * DRETit + εit, where, for firm i in year t: ROTAT is a dummy variable set equal...
... tenure is detrimental to audit quality (e.g., Johnson etal 2002; Myers etal 2003; Carcello and Nagy 2004; Knechel and Vanstraelen 2007); however, for a notable exception refer to Davis etal (2009) ... He offers anecdotal evidence of auditors conceding to client demands where auditor tenure is very lengthy (PCAOB 2011c) Such evidence is certainly disquieting Yet, academic evidence generally ... would need several years to evaluate the effectiveness of the Sarbanes-Oxley reforms That is, the PCAOB would need time to determine whether the reforms are sufficient, or whether further Current...
... capital market not being able to enforce better governance on the part of the directors or performance on the part of the managers Global Journal of Management and Business Research a majority of ... these companies should be professionalized by inducting a minimum of four non-official Directors in the case of Navratnas and three non-official Directors in the case of Miniratnas before the Board ... under-performing directors Yet until recently, formal appraisals of individual directors have been relatively rare There is a strong body of opinion that urges a process of self-evaluation by the board...
... aspect) Left parietal bone (external aspect) Left parietal bone (internal aspect) Frontal bone Coronal suture Sagittal suture Parietal bone Superior temporal line Parietal foramen Parietal tuber or ... aspect) The ethmoidal foveolae cover the ethmoidal cavities of the ethmoidal bone Frontal bone Nasal margin Trochlear fossa Fossa for lacrimal gland Anterior ethmoidal foramen Posterior ethmoidal foramen ... ethmoidal foramen Nasal spine Supra-orbital notch Supra-orbital margin Orbital plate 10 Roofs of the ethmoidal air cells 11 Ethmoidal notch 12 Parietal margin 13 Groove for superior sagittal sinus 14...
... clinicopathological parameters, the relationship between RBM3 expression Jonsson etal Journal of Translational Medicine 2011, 9:114 http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/9/1/114 Page of Table ... intensity The number of cases in the multivariate analysis is equal to the number of cases evaluated for RBM3 expression (n = 215) Jonsson etal Journal of Translational Medicine 2011, 9:114 http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/9/1/114 ... Jonsson etal Journal of Translational Medicine 2011, 9:114 http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/9/1/114 Page of Table Relative risks of recurrence and death according to clinicopathological...
... Park etal Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2011, 2011: 104 http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/content /2011/ 1/104 Page of By (2.6), the right-hand side of the above inequality ... ∞ for all n ≥ or other exists a natural number n0 such that Park etal Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2011, 2011: 104 http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/content /2011/ 1/104 ... Park etal Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2011, 2011: 104 http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/content /2011/ 1/104 Page of Găvruta [4] generalized the Rassias’...
... liver, while lymphatic metastases are uncommon Maria etal International Journal of Emergency Medicine 2011, 4:13 http://www.intjem.com/content/4/1/13 Surgical resection, ideally with negative microscopic ... reduces local recurrences, as shown for other soft tissue sarcomas, while the role of adjuvant chemotherapy is controversial The management of local recurrences and metastatic disease is challenging, ... Maria etal International Journal of Emergency Medicine 2011, 4:13 http://www.intjem.com/content/4/1/13 Figure Abdominal computed tomography scans showing active...
... Lešnik et al. : Impact of additional module training on the level of basic life support knowledge of first year students at the University of Maribor International Journal of Emergency Medicine 2011 ... Medical students have better knowledge of ventilation (p = 0.02), automatic Lešnik etal International Journal of Emergency Medicine 2011, 4:16 http://www.intjem.com/content/4/1/16 Page of Table ... This study also highlights some notable differences between the two faculties inside the group of students who received an additional BLS module Lešnik etal International Journal of Emergency...
... Guerin etal Annals of Intensive Care 2011, 1:9 http://www.annalsofintensivecare.com/content/1/1/9 regional PL to maintain patency of small airways and/or alveoli has been reached ... these dependent parts of the lung leading to oxygenation worsening Guerin etal Annals of Intensive Care 2011, 1:9 http://www.annalsofintensivecare.com/content/1/1/9 Chest wall elastance In 22 ... article as: Guerin et al. : Efficacy and safety of recruitment maneuvers in acute respiratory distress syndrome Annals of Intensive Care 2011 1:9 Submit your manuscript to a journal and benefit from:...
... Sonneville etal Annals of Intensive Care 2011, 1:10 http://www.annalsofintensivecare.com/content/1/1/10 Incidence The incidence of neurologic events during the course of IE varies greatly ... with cerebral bleeding, either at the early phase of emboli or later A recent case-control study, using diffusion- Sonneville etal Annals of Intensive Care 2011, 1:10 http://www.annalsofintensivecare.com/content/1/1/10 ... development of intracranial mycotic aneurysms (ICMA) on distal or pial arteries Because of the strong association found between IE and cerebral microbleeds, the authors raised the question of additional...
... interactive educational diabetes simulator Diabetes Educator 1998, 24(3):341 Chase etal Annals of Intensive Care 2011, 1:11 http://www.annalsofintensivecare.com/content/1/1/11 Page of 63 Arleth T, Andreassen ... of assumptions about the physical, chemical, and biological processes involved These mathematical Chase etal Annals of Intensive Care 2011, 1:11 http://www.annalsofintensivecare.com/content/1/1/11 ... Chase etal Annals of Intensive Care 2011, 1:11 http://www.annalsofintensivecare.com/content/1/1/11 4-hour timeframe typical of TGC intervention frequencies [24,38,46,47,49,50,71,72] These metrics...
... composition of the tip, a metal film can be evaporated onto the cantilever (Carpick et al. , 1996a) or alternatively thin films such as Teflon (Howald et al. , 1995) or self-assembling monolayers (Ito et al. , ... The rapid development of SFM led, on the one hand, to microfabricated cantilevers with integrated tips (Albrecht, 1989; Albrecht et al. , 1990; Akamine et al. , 1990; Wolter et al. , 1991) and, on ... the values of the lateral force corresponding to the stick-slip points are not all equal as in the previous case However, they can be calculated from the exact geometry of the experimental setup...
... HOTEL, LLC, ET AL. , PETITION- ERS v AMALGAMATED BANK ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SEVENTH CIRCUIT [May 29, 2012] JUSTICE SCALIA delivered the opinion of the ... allowed amount of such claim, of a value, as of the effective date of the plan, of at least the value of such holder’s interest in the estate’s interest in such property; “(ii) for the sale, subject ... AMALGAMATED BANK Opinion of the Court amount of such claims; and (II) that each holder of a claim of such class receive on account of such claim deferred cash payments totaling at least the allowed...