natural zeolites in water treatment how effective is their use
Chemical of alumina reactions in aqueous solution and its application in water treatment
Ngày tải lên :
15/03/2014, 23:22
... understanding of the chemistry of alumina in water is necessary in order to fully comprehend the mechanisms governing the reactions at solidliquid interface This is of particular importance in both ... Langlais, D.A Reckhow, D.R Brink (Eds.), Ozone in Water Treatment: Application and Engineering, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan, USA, 1991 w18x S.D Faust, O.M Aly, Chemistry of water treatment, ... the g-Al2O3 water interface 3.3.3.3 Dissolution of alumina Dissolution of alumina should also be taken into consideration when discussing the properties of alumina in aqueous solution Dissolution...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 1 pot
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... have been detected in finished drinking water (Table 1.2) The infrequent detection of PPCPs in finished drinking water may reflect the relative efficiency of drinking -water treatment technologies ... effects of drinking -water treatment processes on pharmaceuticals present in source water Further discussions on drinking -water treatment can be found in Chapter 10—“Drugs in Drinking Water: Treatment ... Groundwater and surface water downstream from wastewater effluent discharges can be the source water used for the genesis of drinking water The processes involved in the treatment of surface water...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 2 docx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems pharmaceuticals is that they are being introduced continuously into water bodies as pollutants, and due to their biological activity this ... Oasis HLB was finally chosen for SPE because of its superior extraction efficiencies showing recoveries for all the analytes including carbamazepine and its metabolites exceeding 80% in both water ... techniques, being to 10 ng/L in drinking water and surface water and 50 ng/L in wastewater.48 The authors recommended the use of LC-(+)ESI-MS/MS for the analysis of these polar molecules in the environment,...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 3 pdf
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... for drinking water, pond water, and well water. 48 The binding of estrogens to an MIP developed to aid in the analysis of estrogens in natural waters was lower than the binding of estrogens in deionized ... been interesting because the concentration in dust is typically very low Although solid–liquid extraction is frequently used in the analysis of a wide range of pharmaceuticals, its use is limited ... MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SOLVENT EXTRACTION Another emerging technique in environmental analysis is microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) This technique involves the use of microwaves to heat a sample in a closed...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 4 potx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... gadolinium-containing contrast enhancing agents for MRI and provides an environmental risk assessment based on the information obtained MRI is an essential tool in the noninvasive diagnostics of various diseases, ... Francis Group, LLC Gadolinium Containing Contrast Agents for MRI 117 For dimeglumine gadopentetate a value of 0.17 µg/L (equivalent to 0.029 µg/L Gd) in German surface waters is obtained by this ... unchanged after administration within hours, and are subsequently emitted into the aquatic © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 104 Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 5 pot
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... contamination In dipping practice, chemicals may enter watercourses through inappropriate disposal of used dip, leakage of used dip from dipping installations, and from excess dip draining from ... Veterinary Medicines Mean Avermectin Chlorfenvinphos Ciprofloxacin Enrofloxacin Cumaphos Deltamethrin Diazinon Fenbendazole Metronidazole Ofloxacin Olaquindox Oxytetracycline Sulfamethazine Tetracycline ... as a prophylactic treatment, this substance was not detected in any drainflow samples—possibly because it is not persistent in slurry.15 5.4.4 UPTAKE INTO BIOTA Veterinary medicines may also be...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 6 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... predominated In contrast, the spacing remained unchanged at high pH where clindamycin is neutral and TC is predominantly anionic (+ or ) Infrared radiation (IR) analyses also showed that clindamycin ... pharmaceuticals is dominated by work on veterinary antibiotics in response to concerns that their extensive use in livestock production is contributing to bioactive residues in the environment Although their ... examined the sorption of clindamycin and tetracycline (TC) by montmorillonite clay over a broad pH range (1.5 to 11) X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the clay’s interlayer spacing increased...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 7 pot
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems Recently, antibiotics, including the veterinary antibiotic tylosin, which is described in this study, were found in 48% of 139 stream waters ... important in identifying factors that affected leaching of tylosin in our study Finally, Saini et al (2003) found increased survival of an E coli strain when manure in which they were residing was incorporated ... Tylosin is used exclusively in veterinary applications and is closely related to erythromycin, which has an important role in public health Tylosin consists of four major factors: tylosin A,...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 8 potx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... the original substance that can be found in urine or feces2 will enter wastewater The fate of pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment is discussed in Part III of this book Wastewater in urbanized ... can be used in sustainable agriculture like organic farming, closing nutrient cycles while protecting surface water and groundwater from eutrophication It is clear that human urine may contain residues ... tetracycline in water and liquid manure, J Vet Med A, 47, 379, 2000 Winckler, C and Grafe, A., Use of veterinary drugs in intensive animal production evidence for persistence of tetracycline in pig...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 9 docx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... system involved in detoxifying xenobiotics in living organisms Phase I includes enzymes © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 202 Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment ... internal binding site (G site) is responsible for binding glutathione (GSH).24 The G site is a conserved group of amino acids located in the N terminal domain of the polypeptide The C terminal domain ... not observed in CTC-treated pinto beans The increase in the proteins banding at this size range was indicative of GST induction in the treated maize plants © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 10 docx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... is widely used for drinking water disinfection in Europe In the United States, this technology is currently gaining importance, since its use can reduce the chlorine dose applied for final disinfection, ... additional treatment and disposal.20 © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Drugs in Drinking Water 221 10.3.3 CHLORINE-BASED DISINFECTION Chlorine disinfectants, such as free chlorine and chloramines, ... are widely used in drinking water disinfection in the United States Free aqueous chlorine (HOCl/OCl–) can be formed by dissolving chlorine gas or hypochlorite into water, while chloramines can...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 11 docx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... effluent-dominated surface waters are used as source waters for drinking water treatment facilities Global water sustainability depends in part upon effective reuse of water In particular the reuse of ... chlorine almost doubled when pH decreased from 8.2 to 5.5 Chloramine in the form of monochloramine is commonly used for the distribution system in drinking water supplies to maintain chlorine ... projects It is necessary to obtain accurate information on the elimination of these contaminants from wastewater, the impact of wastewater discharge on surface water or groundwater drinking water supplies,...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 12 pot
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... CHEMICAL OXIDATION BY AQUEOUS CHLORINE Aqueous chlorine (HOCl / OCl-) is an important drinking water disinfectant and is used in both drinking water and wastewater treatment to achieve chemical oxidation ... were examined in synthetic waters to determine whether the selected compounds were likely to be completely depleted during contact times typical of drinking water and wastewater treatment In limited ... detected in surface waters, drinking water supplies, and wastewaters, the number of pharmaceutical compounds that have been investigated in depth regarding the mechanisms and products of their transformation...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 13 pot
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems 13.4 NATURAL ANDROGENS Natural androgens are C-19 steroids that possess androgenic activities (stimulating and maintaining masculine characteristics), ... may alter or disrupt the functions of the endocrine system and cause adverse effects to organisms.27 The adverse effects may include mimicking or blocking receptor binding, or altering the rate ... interest because of their endocrine disrupting effects.48,79,90 When manure is land applied, part of these hormones may enter water systems through runoff or leaching 24,37,63,102 and may cause...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 14 doc
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... dioxide as a disinfectant in swine wastewater Macauley et al (2006b) showed that UV was effective for disinfecting bacteria from swine lagoon wastewater Macauley et al (2006b) did not, however, report ... storage of manure is instead accomplished by using a tank located outside the building; this is far less common, however, than the use of a lagoon Generally, swine manure is collected using a slatted ... (2006b) examined the disinfection of swine wastewater using ozone Their results showed that bacterial disinfection based on MPN varied greatly between different anaerobic lagoons at swine CAFOs...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 15 docx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... compounds in wastewater can be reduced or eliminated in biological wastewater treatment systems using the activated sludge process, which is the most commonly used wastewater treatment process in the ... substantially In some wastewater treatment facilities, the effluent also is disinfected before it is released into the environment, typically by chlorination or ultraviolet (UV) radiation In addition, ... various disinfection processes in the removal of pharmaceuticals in drinking water 15.3.1 BIODEGRADATION AND BIOTRANSFORMATIONS During biological degradation in WWTPs, pharmaceutical contaminants...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 16 (end) pptx
Ngày tải lên :
18/06/2014, 16:20
... sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) schematic is shown in Figure 16.1 Influent wastewater is screened for removal of wastewater large debris (e.g., rags, glass, rocks) and then it is fed to ... and in Water Treatment Systems integron-specific DNA sequences, so that their presence in this environment indicates that sludge is a specific location where genes are coming together and being ... the receiving water, and thus sewage treatment processes contribute to the dissemination of resistant bacteria in the environment Although antibiotic-resistant microorganisms are present in activated...
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Báo cáo y học: "Variability science in intensive care – how relevant is it" docx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 20:20
... compensatory fluctuations in heart rate This homeostatic mechanism becomes ineffective in several conditions, which carries independent negative prognostic information [4,6] Many more interactions between ... one to disentangle the precise physiological mechanisms that are involved in heart rate variability alterations in the ICU In such conditions, one could even wonder how heart rate variability ... online http://ccforum.com/content/8/6/414 less marked sympathoexcitation – disappears in patients with severe heart failure [2] This does not render this parameter clinically irrelevant because...
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Báo cáo y học: " Empiric anti-Candida therapy for patients with sepsis in the ICU: how little is too little" docx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 18:22
... micafungin Nevertheless, the main finding of this study by Zilberberg and colleagues is encouraging The reduction in the acquisition cost of micafungin, as well as that of other echinocandins, has ... glabrata isolates are treatable by fluconazole when administered at the dose used in Zilberberg and colleagues’ analysis [9-10] As a result, the estimate used in Zilberberg and colleagues’ analysis inflates ... candidemia, revisited Clin Infect Dis 2003, 37: 1172-1177 Kumar A; CATSS Study Group: The high mortality of Candida septic shock is explained by excessive delays in initiation of antifungal therapy In Proceedings...
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How effective is the implementation of teaching speaking through information-gap activities to pre-departure trainees at Faculty of International Cooperation and Training - Nghiên cứu về việc sử dụng các hoạt động khoảng trống thông tin trong việc c
Ngày tải lên :
30/03/2015, 14:01
... not only in helping trainees generate or organize ideas, but also in increasing their participation and motivating them to use English in speaking lessons In classroom interaction, the trainees ... that involving all trainees in the activity and encouraging them to use English in class are main obstacles in their speaking lesson This seems to be the problems to all speaking classes in Vietnam ... whether this implementation is effective in increasing pre-departure trainees‟ participation and motivating them to use English in class All the questions were written in Vietnamese in order to...
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