... theappendices. Chapter 2 provides an overview of wireless communication systems andtheir characteristics.8INTRODUCTIONTABLE 1.4 Selected Applications of Microwave Solid-State DevicesDevices Applications ... carry the video information as well. Table 1.1 shows thefrequency bands used for commercial radio and television broadcasts.In the case of digital transmission, a standard monochrome television ... terrestrialcommunication system.Figures 1.3 and 1.4 list selected devices used at RF and microwave frequencies.Solid-state devices as well as vacuum tubes are used as active elements in RF andmicrowave...
... illustrated in Figure 2.7. Amicrowave signal generated by the oscillator is split into two parts via the powerdivider. The circulator feeds one part of this power to the antenna that illuminates atarget ... Dopplerfrequency if the target is moving. Note that the signal travels twice over the samedistance and, therefore, the Doppler frequency shift in this case will be twice thatfound via (2.4.33). Mathematically,oo ... on-boardelectronics before transmitting it back. The gravitational force needs to be balancedsomehow if this object is to stay in position. An orbital motion provides thisbalancing force. If a satellite...
... converted to correspondingimpedance by moving to a point on the diametrically opposite side of the VSWRcircle. It shows a normalized load impedance as 2 j2. Moving from this point by3.15 l toward ... transformer is also presentedalong with a few examples to match resistive loads. Impedance measurement via thevoltage standing wave ratio is then discussed. Finally, the Smith chart is introducedto ... Solutions to the transmission line equation are thenconstructed in order to understand the behavior of the propagating signal. This isfollowed by the concepts of sending end impedance, re¯ection...
... wavelengths between 1 m(10–6m) and 1 mm. Beyond the infrared spectrum is the visible optical spectrum,the ultraviolet spectrum, and x-rays. Below the microwave frequency spectrum isthe radio ... tuning. Here the costs for the design and tuning can be reduced greatly by usingCAD, which can provide more accurate design with less design iterations, leading tofirst-pass or tuneless filters. ... developments in this area are cer-tainly being stimulated by increasing computer power. Another driving force for thedevelopments is the requirement of CAD for low-cost and high-volume production.In...
... ports of the network NЈЈ ; and all the S submatrices con-tain the corresponding S parameters. Obviously, p + c = M1and q + c = M2. It is[aЉ]q[aЉ]c[SЉ]qc[SЉ]cc[SЉ]qq[SЉ]cq[bЉ]q[bЉ]c[aЈ]p[aЈ]c[SЈ]pc[SЈ]cc[SЈ]pp[SЈ]cp[bЈ]p[bЈ]cbiᎏaja1a2ӇaMS1MS2MӇSMM ... at port 2 of the network NЈ and port 1 of the network N Љwhen SЈmnand SЉmnare evaluated individually. 2.8 NETWORK PARAMETER CONVERSIONSFrom the above discussions it can be seen that for ... compositenetwork is given simply by the sum of the short-circuit admittance matrices of theindividual networks. Analogously, the networks of Figure 2.3(b) are connected in series at both theirinput...
... the same 3 poleButterworth lowpass prototype as that used previously in Section 3.3.1, Figure3.15(b) illustrates a bandpass having a passband from 1 to 2 GHz obtained using theelement transformation.3.3.4 ... = 1 to n (3.24)gn+1= 1.0For convenience, Table 3.1 gives element values for such filters having n = 1 to 9.As can be seen, the two-port Butterworth filters considered here are always sym-metrical ... be chosen.3.2.2 Chebyshev Lowpass Prototype FiltersFor Chebyshev lowpass prototype filters having a transfer function given in (3.9)with a passband ripple LArdB and the cutoff frequency...
... previous expressions for reareobtained based on the quasi-TEM or quasistatic approximation, and therefore arerigorous only with DC. At low microwave frequencies, these expressions provide ... expressions also provide accuracy better than one percent. If more accuratevalues are needed, an iterative or optimization process based on the more accurateanalysis models described previously can ... 4.10(h).These microstrip patch resonators can be analyzed as waveguide cavities with mag-netic walls on the sides. The fields within the cavities can be expanded by theTMZnm0modes, where z is perpendicular...
... Semilumped Lowpass Filters Having Finite-FrequencyAttenuation PolesThe previous two types of microstrip lowpass filter realize the lowpass prototypefilters having their frequencies of infinite ... (b)can only be electrically equivalent to the combline filter in the vicinity of the mid-band frequency, and its stopband behavior is different from that of the combline fil-ter.Similar to the ... inductances L1, L3, and L5block transmission byhaving infinite series reactance, whereas the capacitance C6shorts out transmissionby having infinite shunt susceptance.A microstrip filter...
... design this type of filter, let us consider the design of an op-timum distributed highpass filter having a cutoff frequency fc= 1.5 GHz and a 0.1dB ripple passband up to 6.5 GHz. Referring to Figure ... = 1 to nwhere biare the susceptance slope parameters of series parallel resonators.It is obvious that for a chosen lowpass prototype, with known element values, thedesired reactance/susceptance ... relative dielectric constant of 10.8 and a thickness of 1.27mm. The bandstop filter is designed to provide an RF rejection better than 40 dBover an operating frequency band from 3.5 GHz to 5.5 GHz....