... features Accordingly, there are many kinds of financing structures Since most of the project financing inprivatesectorin Vietnam involves the participation IFC, we will exam only the financing structures ... increasing private investment and the risk exposure of the lenders necessitate researches in risk mitigation in project financing in Vietnam, particularly inprivatesector On the other hand, ... again when the foreign investors return to the region The inflation rate was high during the economic boom but it decreased in 1997 The inflation increases a little in 1998 again because the Government...
... all learning, both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are important factors in determining the success of language learning Intrinsic motivation is involved with factors within the individual ... approach and training for international assessment of the four-macro skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing The majority of these private centres operate inthe evenings and teach ... p.33), the need for English in Vietnam has increased significantly Due to requirements including increasing foreign companies, expanding international trading relations and the growing tourist industry...
... inMortgage Securitization: The Origins of the Crisis 3.1 Moral Hazard in Origination 3.2 Mortgage Lending inthe Years Before the Crisis 3.3 Negligence in Securitization: Blindness to Risk in ... to investigate the creditworthiness of the borrowers before lending them money and originating the mortgage; after all, the risks of making a mistake in this decision would mainly hit the originating ... and market malfunctioning inthe crisis Inthe remainder of this section, I will explain these flaws, their origins and their effects, and indicate how they interacted inthe crisis 4.2 Excessive...
... and other privatesector financing for climate adaptation investments and catalyze ongoing sustainable investments in these sectors beyond the initial PPCR investments Financial Sustainability: ... companies, insurance companies and GOB in establishing crop insurance products ThePrivateSector and Climate Resilient Infrastructure Intheprivatesector stakeholder meetings an interesting proposal ... global warming as well agreement that it is causing increased weather volatility with the effects increasing in intensity in coming years Warming may induce sudden shifts in regional weather patterns...
... aggressive as the average employer in placing drugs in high-cost therapeutic classes inthe third tier The limitations of this study include the following: • Although our focus is on the TSRx program, ... less than the minimum drug copayment The medical claims include the same financial information as the drug claims plus the date of service; the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, ... biologic Enbrel (etanercept); the interleukin antagonist Kineret (anakinra); the topical anti-acne/anti-aging treatment Retin-A (tretinoin cream); and fertility agents Under the FY 2000 National Defense...
... Rawalpindi) The study reflects the tip of an iceberg of weaknesses intheprivate health sectorin controlling and treating tuberculosis by examining the linkages between private physicians, pharmacies ... attending TB clinics in rural areas of Islamabad to determine the effects of TB on their private lives (6) One of the findings showed that patients’ knowledge about their disease was minimal, and these ... on the findings of the surveys the following recommendations might help to improve the treatment of TB intheprivate health sector of Pakistan First of all, the government should take more interest...
... globalization II Review of Institution Building inthe Financial Sector A Main driving forces of institution building A review of the developments of China’s financial sector over the past 20 years reveals ... efforts inthe application of information technology, in exploring on-line banking business as well as in promoting non-bank financial institutions Efforts should be made in upgrading financial ... summary, the deepening process of the financial markets has rendered the dominance of the banking sectorinthe financial system At the same time, opening of markets and reforms have contributed to the...
... outcome of the discussion of the field test with these stakeholders was the identification of entry points for systematically integrating or mainstreaming gender into the implementation of the National ... which these are linked to health and HIV, there is the goal of increasing understanding of these concepts On the other hand, for users of the tool who already have some basic understanding of ... tool Inthe United Republic of Tanzania, at the dissemination meeting for the field test, stakeholders recommended that the tool be used to integrate gender into the upcoming HIV health sector...
... are involved inthe effective use of ICTs inthe health sector Section explores potential and actual use of ICTs inthe health sector It examines the ways in which ICTs can help to strengthen ... to examine individuals and groups within the key institutions inthe health system as target beneficiaries for ICTs, and in doing so to examine the issue of their capacity and needs, and the potential ... especially inthe rural areas’ By including the rural population inthe group of beneficiaries of ICT initiatives inthe health sector, more MDGs will be addressed, as the rural poor constitute the...
... nonprofit sectors The Reinventing Government Movement been incorporated into several chapters Inhas terest-based ("win-win")negotiation is a prominentthemein discussions of the bargainingprocessand ... as union members theprivateinsectorThePrivateSector Experience Unionsin theprivatesector had successfully wonwageand benefit increases and improved workingconditions for their members This ... consider the problemfrom a micro, or individual, perspective In other words, what leads the individual government worker to join a union? American workersin theprivatesector join unions becausethey...
... represented in all countries 19 in credit to the nonfinancial sector during debt renegotiations is only due to a decline inthe non–exporting sector On the other hand, the decline inthe aftermath of the ... and a decline in credit to theprivatesector could result from a sudden stop in foreign capital in ows into the country (Calvo, 1998) In this case, the decline in credit to theprivatesector would ... continue Month of debt restructuring Year since debt restructuring Year since debt restructuring Year since debt restructuring Index 1.1 Index 1.2 Index 2.1 Index 2.2 Index 2.3 Index 3.1 Index...
... reawakened interest in improving working and living conditions inthe shipping industry The Office’s programme on decent work inthe maritime industry played a major role in improving the promotion ... securing the attendance of these organizations at the Paris MOU meetings, was noted earlier The 1990s witnessed the development of global collective bargaining inthe shipping sectorInthe early ... of training and the fact that around one-third of trainees fail to complete their training 163 Inthe past 30 years, owing to its technical nature, the international regulation of the training...
... focus instead on three areas in which there has been much discussion but few reforms: promoting competition inthe credit rating industry, rethinking the issuer-pays business model, and reducing the ... around” for the highest ratings on their lucrative issuance deals, including by playing one rating agency against another when informally consulting them on structures to achieve high ratings.8 Moreover, ... ■ Managing conflicts of interest, including through governance reforms in rating agencies ■ Improving the quality of rating methodologies, particularly for structured finance ■ Increasing transparency...
... conservative lending practices—contributing to the strong performance of its financial sector during the financial crisis (IMF 2009) In 2008 the Swiss regulator FINMA, in strengthening capital adequacy ... conservative lending practices—contributing to the strong performance of its financial sector during the financial crisis (IMF 2009) In 2008 the Swiss regulator FINMA, in strengthening capital adequacy ... conservative lending practices—contributing to the strong performance of its financial sector during the financial crisis (IMF 2009) In 2008 the Swiss regulator FINMA, in strengthening capital adequacy...
... within the MFIs and without from other agencies operating inthe Microfinance sector 18.2 The agencies operating inthe Microfinance Sector can be broadly grouped in two classes namely a) The ... the cost of the other 13 b) 7.7 overheads may not vary inthe same proportion Therefore, with increase in scale, the cost as a percentage of the outstanding loan portfolio should decline inthe ... this in determining the interest rate structure inthe succeeding year b) The regulator can create a Borrower Protection Fund and the MFI may be asked to transfer the excess income to the Fund The...
... accounting thinking inthe business sector was strongly dynamic in nature.2 The Finnish municipalities adopted the dynamic accrual accounting model in their financial accounting reform in 1997, ... spending Inthe case study, the opacity of the financial accounts was caused by the inclusion inthe Finnish municipal accounting regulations of certain concepts that mislead rather than help the ... ACCOUNTING INTHE PUBLIC SECTOR 101 on the subject, is ‘earnings management’, but such terms as ‘income smoothing’, ‘earnings smoothing’, ‘financial engineering’, and ‘cosmetic accounting’ are...
... of the two sectors Chapter 8, the final chapter, presents all the conclusions of the findings from the two studies conducted in both sectors and then makes some recommendations in line with the ... place in only three provinces (namely, KwaZuluNatal, Gauteng and the Western Cape), instead of in four provinces for each sector, as had been planned Inthe original plan, theprivate security industry ... to address stigma, in that order Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za Main findings of Study 2C on HIV/AIDS policies in both sectors The following are the main findings: The bigger security...
... identified by the women involved inthe interventions, either through discussion groups, or other participatory approaches enabling women to express their own interests With this in mind, there must ... duly interviewed, or have otherwise played a direct role in securing the information or in utilising the analytical tools; - the information can be verified through group discussions with the ... participating small-scale fishing communities and their supporting institutions in Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam By doing so the RFLP seeks to improve the...
... kinds, to remain effective, must continuously improve themselves in response to the challenges confronting them Those inthe public sector are no exception These agencies are subject to both internal ... of the organization than they would have individually Creating a shared “pool” of information assists them in reaching consensus about the organization The assessment process brings together the ... Improvement inthe Public Sectorthe members of the organization: the employees, managers, and leaders It involves them in evaluating or diagnosing the organization and recognizes that they have...