... structure
node(NoF, L,D) for a T or, in case the
binding is performed under the S3
27
MONTAgOVIAN DEFINITE
CLAUSE GRAMMAR
R.I. Bainbridge,
Dept. of Computer Science,
Teesside Polvtechnic,
Middlesbrough, ... ConstPaining
t~ansFoPmational Montague grammar: a
F~amewo~k and a Fragment. in Davis &
Mithun (1981).
[28] PePeira F.C.N. & Warren D.H.D.
(1980) Definiteclause grammars For
language analqsis. ... reduced IL Form-
ulae. Some familiarity with Montague's
PTG and the basic DCQ mechanism is
assumed.
Keqwords Compositional Semantics, Definite
Clause O~amma~, Friedman Warren Algorithm,...
...
specificity we will take the grammar to be a
Definite
Clause Grammar
(DCG) (Pereira and Warren, 1980).
A DCG is a simple example of a family of constraint-
based grammar formalisms that are ... is empty or not is decidable since
163
The intersection of Finite State Automata and DefiniteClause
Grammars
Gertjan van Noord
Vakgroep Alfa-informatica & BCN
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen ... right-hand-sides of grammar rules have at most
two categories).
In this paper we investigate whether the same
techniques can be applied in case the grammar is
a constraint-based grammar rather...
...
of
first-
order
definite
clauses as type declarations.
aFor simplicity sake, we treat here relative clauses as
constituents of atomic type. But in reality relative clauses
are noun modifiers, ...
Our approach to encoding types:as definite clauses
presupposes a modification of standard Horn logic
syntax to allow internal implications in definite
clauses. This modification is needed ...
ABSTRACT
We introduce a first-order version of Catego-
rial Grammar, based on the idea of encoding syn-
tactic types as definite clauses. Thus, we drop
all explicit requirements of adjacency...
... Compiling HPSG type constraints
into definite clauses
After this intuitive introduction to the problem, we
will now show how to automatically generate definite
clause programs from a set of type ... clearly
need a definiteclause
he_list
ne_listcon,( HD ) :- Ttvp~([~), listtyp¢(~]).
.TL
since the value of the feature HD may be of a type
which is constrained by the grammar. Consequently, ...
Head-Driven
Phrase Structure Grammar.
Chicago: University
of Chicago Press and Stanford: CSLI Publica-
tions.
Appendix A. A small grammar
The following small example grammar, together
with a...
... SPEECH
INTRODUCTION vii
How To Use This Book
Grammar and Usage for Better Writing is a basic workbook that can provide a founda-
tion for further study in English grammar and usage. It will benefit students ... when using English, and it places more emphasis on applying the rules. Students
who are new to grammar study should begin with Part One and work through each section
in order; more advanced students ... painful?
V
.
N
.
ADV
.
ADJ
.
The system that our language uses to put parts of speech
together into sentences is known as grammar.
The first two lessons focus on the two basic parts of any sentence: the subject and the
predicate.
2...
... what you want can be time consuming.)
Butt, J., Spanish Grammar, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000
Butt and Benjamin, ANew Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish, London: Arnold, 2001
(Very comprehensive ... the
ANTECEDENT
is
unclear or indeterminate, the following
VERB
is very often
in the
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
xi
A Student Grammar of
Spanish
RONALD E. BATCHELOR
Acknowledgments
Iamdeeply indebted to Dr. J. P´erez Larracilla, ... the presentation of the work.
x
Glossary of grammatical terms
PRONOUN
,
RELATIVE
Links a relative
CLAUSE
to what precedes it, e.g. Vi al chico
que vino ayer (I saw the boy who came yesterday). Other
relative...
... the English future tenses
8. Clauses
a. Coordinate clauses
b. Subordinate clauses
c. The past perfect and the simple past
d. The use of the present in subordinate clauses to express future actions
Exercises ... complement
5. Relative pronouns
a. Defining and non-defining relative clauses
i. Non-defining relative clauses
ii. Defining relative clauses
b. That
c. Which
d. Who , whom and whose
e. Comparison ... questions, short answers and ellipsis
a. Negative tag questions
b. Affirmative tag questions
English grammar
Part 1
THE USES AND FORMATION OF THE ENGLISH VERB TENSES
THE ACTIVE VOICE OF THE VERB TO...
... often use be to + infinitive in //-clauses to say that something must take place first (in the main
clause) before something else can take place (in the // -clause) :
• are to survive as a species, ... something in the future, although no definite
arrangement has been made, we prefer going to rather than the present continuous. To emphasise
that we are talking about a DEFINITE ARRANGEMENT, we prefer ... led to proposals for similar
schemes in other cities.
THE TEACHER
Advanced Grammar in Use was written as a self-study grammar book but teachers might also
find it useful for supplementing or supporting...
... 117-118
link words 118-120
Questions and answers
making questions 121-123
short responses 124-125
Relative clauses 126-127
PREPOSITIONS 128-137
PHRASAL VERBS 138-144
TESTS 1-3 145-153
ANSWER KEY 154-168
INDEX ... working.
—
He
She
It
We
You
They
isn't
aren't
working.
Negative with not Negative with n't
USE
• For an action in progress now:
I'm reading a grammar book now.
What are you looking at?
She isn't eating at the moment.
Practice
Rewrite ... moment.
I'm not watching television at the moment.
33
Nouns, adjectives and adverbs
8 The indefinite article a
• a (or an) is used with countable nouns (> Exercise 6) to indicate one.
Can...