modelling topographic variation in solar radiation in a gis environment
báo cáo hóa học:" Functional significance of the signal transduction pathways Akt and Erk in ovarian follicles: in vitro and in vivo studies in cattle and sheep" ppt
... Ryan KE, Casey SM, Canty MJ, Crowe MA, Martin F, Evans ACO: Aktand Erk signal transduction pathways are early markers ofdifferentiation in dominant and subordinate ovarian follicles in cattle. ... Velloso LA,Saad MJ: Novel signal transduction pathway for luteinizinghormone and its interaction with insulin: activation of Januskinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription andphosphoinositol ... inhibin -A, activin -A, oestradiol and progesterone secretion and alsoimportant in mediating IGF-I stimulated inhibin -A, activin -A, follistatin, oestradiol and progesterone secre-tion by granulosa...
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Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 1 pot
... Solar Irradiance and Radiance Calculation in the Earth Atmosphere 452.1 Monte-Carlo Method for Solar Irradianceand Radiance Calculation 452.2 Analytical Method for Radiation Field Calcula tion in ... (radiation coming to the point immediately from the Sun); diffused solar radiation (solar radiation scattered in the atmosphere); reflected solar radiation from surface;self-atmospheric radiation ... radiation (heat atmospheric radiation) and self-surface radi-ation (heat radiation) . The total combination of these radiations creates theradia tion field in the Earth atmosphere, which is characterized...
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Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 2 ppsx
... Radiativ e transfer in scattering and absorbing atmospheres: standardcomputational procedures. DEEPAK Publishing, Ham pton, VirginiaMakarova EA, Kharitonov AV, Kazachevskaya TV (1991) Solar ... (1.6)linking the irradiance and radiance, the incoming to the top irradiance is equal toπS.Thus,valueS is anisotropic radiance that corresponds to the same irradiance as a parallel solar beam ... particular cases of transfer (1.33) in conformity with shortwavesolarradiationintheEarthatmosphere. Within theshortwave spectral range we o m it the heat atmospheric radiation against thesolaroneandseemtohavetherelationε...
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Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 3 doc
... YorkMelnikova IN (1992) Analytical formulas for determination of optical parameters of cloudlayer on the basis of measuring characteristics of solar radiation field. 1. Theory. Atmo-sphere and Ocean ... diffused radiation incoming to layer: 54 Theoretical Base of Solar Irradiance and Radiance Calculation in the Earth Atmospheresimulation of photon trajectories or of the calculation of the expectation ... mainpartofthesolardownwellingirradianceinaclearsky.Thepitchinfluenceonthe accounting of direct radiation in the measured irradiance was obviouslyowing to the deviation of the angle of the solar...
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Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 4 potx
... the data of theobservations carried out on 24 April 1985 in the clear atmosphere (Table A. 2of Appendix A) also above the Ladoga Lake indicat e higher values of solar radiation absorption in the ... of Solar Irradiance and Radiance in Clear and Cloudy AtmospheresFig. 3. 3a, b.Scheme of the airborne sounding: a in the coordinates “time-altitude”, b in thecoordinates “cosine of the solar incident ... downwelling irradiance: solar radiation decreases owing to the radiation extinction in the atmosphere.For the upwelling irradiancethis effect pointstothe predominanceofscatteringprocesses over absorption...
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Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 5 pptx
... tropical atmosphere. J Geophys Res 101(D12):16,961–16,972Makarova EA, Kharitonov AV, Kazachevskaya TV (1991) Solar irradiance. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian)Mars hak A, Davis A, Wiscombe W, Cahalan ... clouds: a partial explanation for anomalous absorption. In: IRS’96 Current Problems in At-mospheric Radiation. Proceedings of the International Radiation Symposium, August1996, Fairbanks, Alaska, ... climate. Gydrometeoizdat. Leningrad (in Rus-sian)Mulamaa YuAR (1964) Atlas of optical characteristics of waving sea surface. Estonian ASPress, Tartu (in Russian)Nesmelova LI, Rodimova OB,...
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Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 6 pdf
... observations Y, and it iscalled an a priori information. Assuming that parameters X are characterizedby a priori mean v alue¯X and by a priori covariance matrix D. Suppose that theparameters ... gases and wavelengths intervals has been accomplished after carrying 166 ReferencesVirolainen YaA (2000) Ground observations of heat IR radiation as an informational sourceabout gas composition ... contained in the observational data. It is curious that Problem statement. Standard calculations of Solar Irradiance 173Fig. 5.1. The ratio of the irradiance variation to the SD (“signal-to-noise”)...
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Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 7 pptx
... Nauka,Novosibirsk (in Russian)Lenoble J (ed) (1985) Radiative transfer in scattering and absorbing atmospheres: standardcomputational procedures. A. DEEPAK Publishing, Hampton, VirginiaMarchuk ... Gydrometeoizdat, Leningrad (in Russian)Kondratyev KYa, Ter-Markaryants NE (eds) (1976) Complex radiation experiment. Gydrom-eteoizdat, Leningrad (in Russian)Kondratyev KYa,Buznikov AA, Vasilyev OB etal.(1971) ... the irradi-ances. Although the irradiances are calculated as integrals with respect to 200 Determination of Parameters of the Atmosphere and the Surface in a Clear AtmosphereFig. 5.1 0a, b. Results...
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Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 8 pps
... the int ernal variations(Titov 1998). The analytical solutions (Tarabukhina 1987; Galinsky and Ra-manathan 1998) emphasize that the cloud heterogeneity greatly impacts theradiance and irradiance, ... in strati clouds.Atmospheric Optics 4:25–32 (Bilingual)Melnikova IN (199 2a) Analytical formulas fo r obtaining optical parameters of cloud layerfrom measured characteristics of solar radiation ... Loeb and Davis 1997; Galinsky and Ramanathan 1998; Marshak et al.1998). It was shown that the in uence of geometrical variations of the cloudparameters is by an order of magnitude greater than...
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Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 9 pot
... optical parameters in strati on basis of aircraftspectral measurements. Thesis of International Radiation Symposium, August, TallinnMelnikova IN, Mikhailov VV (1993) Determination of optical characteristics ... multiple scattering of radiation on aerosolsand molecular absorption and scattering into clouds. In: IRS’2000, Current problems in Atmospheric Radiation, Proceedings of the International Radiation ... of optical models (Vasilyev and Ivlev 2002).ReferencesAsano S (1994) Cloud and Radiation Studies in Japan. Cloud Radiation Interactions andTheir Parameterization in Climate Models. In: WCRP-86...
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Associated factors for treatment delay in pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals: a nested case-control study docx
... factors asso-ciated to a delay in initiating treatment for TB in HIV-infected individuals are presented in Table 1. The variablesthat indicated a statistically significant association withdelay, ... withdelay, in the univariate model were: - clinical variables:weight loss, asthenia, sweating and chest pain; - variablesrelated to habits and lifestyle: use of marijuana, cocaineand crack; - variables ... BMC Infect Dis 2008,8:72.18. Mfinanga SG, Mutayoba BK, Kahwa A, Kimaro G, Mtandu R, Ngadaya E,Egwaga S, Kitua AY: The magnitude and factors associated with delays in management of smear positive...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Couples’ voluntary counselling and testing and nevirapine use in antenatal clinics in two African capitals: a prospective cohort study" pot
... horizontal andvertical transmission.To explore the feasibility of establishing CVCT in ant enatal clinics, we t rained clinic staff at two antena talclinics in Lusaka, Zambia, and two antenatal ... received CVCT (956 in Kigali and 663Table 1 Demographic characteristics of antenatal women and couples in Kigali, Rwanda and Lusaka, Zambia (n =3625)Kigali LusakaIndividualsn = 984mean (SD)Couplesn ... regimen.MethodsSetting and populationThe capital cities of Rwanda in east-central Africa andZambia in south-central Africa were the locations forthis study. The Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group(RZHRG) had...
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báo cáo hóa học: " Topological confinement in an antisymmetric potential in bilayer graphene in the presence of a magnetic field" pptx
... Franỗois Maria Peeters1,2and Gil de Aquino Farias2AbstractWe investigate the effect of an external magnetic field on the carrier states that are localized at a potential kinkand a kink-antikink ... states in a kink potential profile under a per-pendicular external magnetic field, both for the case of a single potential kink, as well as fo r a kink-antikink pair.One advantage of such a setup ... whichare analogous to the edge states in a quantum Hall systemand show a valley-dependent propagation along th e kink.From a practical standpoint, the kinks may be envisagedas configurable metallic...
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