... Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the ACL, pages 905–912,
Sydney, July 2006.
c
2006 Association for Computational Linguistics
Methods forUsingTextualEntailment in
Open- DomainQuestion ... 2001.
The Role of Lexico-Semantic Feedback in Open-
Domain Textual Question- Answering. In Proceed-
ings of the 39th Meeting of the Association for Com-
putational Linguistics.
S. Harabagiu, D. Moldovan, ... Paragraphs
Question
Documents
Answers
Answers−M1
Answers−M2
Answers−M3
QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEM
Figure 1: Integrating TextualEntailmentin Q/A.
lows. Section 2 describes the three methods of
using textual...
... recommendations for modifying a
question- answering system for improving
robustness to spoken input.
1 Introduction
This paper demonstrates a multimodal interface for
asking questions and retrieving a set ... query processing in document retrieval system.
In Proc. ESCA Workshop on Accessing Information In
Spoken Audio, pages 31–36.
F. Crestani. 2002. Spoken query processing for interac-
tive information ... transcribed questions from two speak-
ers, which indicates that speech can be used for au-
tomatic question- answering, but that an interface for
correcting misrecognitions is probably necessary for
acceptable...
... the
learning method, or due to insufficient training data.
4 Conclusions
In this paper we described BIUTEE, an open- source
textual- inference system, and suggested it as a re-
search platform in this ... components into an ex-
isting open- source system. Such research ef-
forts might include developing knowledge re-
sources, developing inference components for
specific phenomena such as temporal infer-
ence, ... Taylor”.
Since applications of entailment rules and coref-
erence substitutions are yet, in most cases, insuffi-
cient in transforming T into H, our system allows
on-the-fly transformations. These transformations
include...
... process-
ing.
5 Question Reformulations
In TREC-9 243 questions were reformulations of
54 inquiries, thus asking for the same answer. The
reformulation classes contained variable number
of questions, ... Ex-
periments with Open- DomainTextualQuestion Answer-
ing. In the Proceedings of the 18th International Con-
ference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-2000),
pages 292–298, 2000.
Frederick Jelinek, John ... Vasile
Rus. The Structure and Performance of an Open- Domain
QuestionAnswering System. Proceedings of the 38th
Annual Meeting of the Association for Comoutational
Linguistics (ACL-2000), pages 563–570,...
... Combining Engines
A relevant feature of EDITS is the possibility to
combine multiple Entailment Engines into a sin-
gle one. This can be done by grouping their def-
initions as sub-modules in ... Learning TextualEntailmentusing SVMs and
String Similarity Measures. Proc. of the ACL ’07
Workshop on TextualEntailment and Paraphrasing.
Ido Dagan and 0ren Glickman 2004. Probabilistic
Textual ... the task of checking for the existence of en-
tailment relations between an input question (the
text in RTE parlance), and a set of textual realiza-
tions of domain- specific binary relations (the...
... functional relations. In Empirical
Methods in Natural Language Processing.
Dan Roth and Mark Sammons. 2007. Semantic and log-
ical inference model fortextual entailment. In Pro-
ceedings of ACL-WTEP ... serve
to point out promising areas for further research in
collecting common-sense knowledge.
References
M. Banko, M. J. Cafarella, S. Soderland, M. Broadhead,
and O. Etzioni. 2007. Open information ... 2008).
Several interesting form-based categories, in-
cluding Prominent relationships, Argument Types,
and Simultaneous Conditions, had quite low inter-
annotator agreement. We continue to believe...
... for encoding information about
the decision tree. MDL ranks, along with Akaike
Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayes Informa-
tion Criterion (BIC), as a standard criterion in ma-
chine learning ... resources for training learning al-
gorithms in summarization.
References
Yihong Gong and Xin Liu. 2001. Generic text summa-
rization using relevance measure and latent semantic
analysis. In Proceedings ... Shimbun, Inc.
Tadashi Nomoto and Yuji Matsumoto. 2000. Comparing
the minimum description length principle and boosting
in the automatic analysis of discourse. In Proceedings
of the Seventeenth International...
... recall whereas the learning-
based methods maintain a higher precision. Sim-
ilar to the in- domain setting using few labeled
training data, the incorporation of generalization
increases both precision ... learning-
based methods CRF and CK on an in- domain
evaluation (ETHICS -domain) using different
amounts of labeled training data. We carry out
a 5-fold cross-validation and use n% of the train-
ing ... Germany
{Michael.Wiegand|Dietrich.Klakow}@lsv.uni-saarland.de
Abstract
In this paper, we compare three different
generalization methodsfor in- domain and
cross -domain opinion holder extraction be-
ing simple unsupervised word clustering,
an induction method inspired...
... Tag-
ging Using Decision Trees. Proceedings of the In-
ternational Conference on New Methodsin Language
Processing.
Marta Tatu andDan Moldovan. 2005. A semantic ap-
proach to recognizing textual entailment. ... language
variability. Proceedings of the PASCAL Workshop of
Learning Methodsfor Text Understanding and Min-
ing.
Ido Dagan, Bill Dolan, Bernardo Magnini, and Dan Roth.
2009. Recognizing textual entailment: Rational, ... Lexical
chains forquestion answering. Proceedings of COL-
ING.
Matteo Negri and Yashar Mehdad. 2010. Creating a Bi-
lingual Entailment Corpus through Translations with
Mechanical Turk: $100 for a...
...
advantages of using computers in reading ESP teaching and learning.
I.2.3.1.1.Model of teaching ESP reading with computers
Some models of using computers in teaching FL can be applied for the past ... following main methods to do the research:
Consulting books, journals and newspapers on applying IT in teaching and learning
foreign languages or ESP;
Searching information on the Internet ... for teaching
and learning (in general) and teaching and learning FL (in particular). As far as this study is
concerned, certain applications of computers in teaching and learning FL are going...
... LaVeist was arguing explicitly against
measuring health disparity using a relative
measure such as a risk ratio or odds ratio, because
doing so means using a particular social group (in
this case, ... are prominent
in the overall framework of efforts to monitor
global health disparity and because they provide
an essential context for understanding the
Monitoring Over Time
Inherent in the goals ...
individual
males in California receive approximately 1/70
th
the weight of males in Wyoming.
Another important issue inusing unweighted
measures of health disparity is their inability to
incorporate the...
... 1 for human aB-crystallin [57].
The bovine a-crystallin to substrate ratio for protec-
tion against dithiothreitol induced denaturation ranges
from 2 : 1 for insulin and a-lactalbumin, 8 : 1 for ... temperature-induced dissociation:
the N-terminal domain is important for oligomer assem-
bly and the binding of unfolding proteins. J Biol Chem
279, 11222–11228.
19 Wintrode PL, Friedrich KL, Vierling ... site-directed
mutagenesis of a-crystallin domain residues and
molecular modeling of protein structure. The p26
a-crystallin domain contains nine b-strands arranged
predominantly as paired b-sheets and...