... value of turbulent intensity is observed at the relative gap width of 1.0 which is in the line ofheat
transfer measurements. These results of PIV showed good agreement between the heattransfer ... Investigation ofheattransfer and friction for rib-
roughened surfaces, Int. Journal ofHeat & Mass Transfer 1978; 21: 1143-1156.
[4] Webb R.L., Eckert E.R.G. and Goldstein R. J. Heattransfer ... Journal ofHeat and Mass
Transfer1 999; 42: 1597-1615.
[16] Karwa R, Experimental studies of augmented heattransfer and friction in asymmetrically heated
rectangular ducts with ribs on the heated...
... A,
and thickness of Fig. 2.2 can be stated as follows:
rate ofheat conduction rate ofheat conduction
into control volume out of control volume
+=+ (2.1)
rate ofheat generation rate of energy storage ... Basic Modes ofHeatTransfer 2
1.1 The Relation ofHeatTransfer to Thermodynamics 3
1.2 Dimensions and Units 7
1.3 Heat Conduction 9
1.4 Convection 17
1.5 Radiation 21
1.6 Combined HeatTransfer ... Combined HeatTransfer Systems
In the preceding sections the three basic mechanisms ofheattransfer have been
treated separately. In practice, however, heat is usually transferred by several of the
basic...
...
surface of the target by scaling velocities of atoms in cells on
the top surface, and the same amount ofheat flux is dissipated
from the bottom of the target by scaling velocities of atoms ... Study of Light-to -heat Absorption
Mechanism in atomic Systems," International Journal ofHeat
and Mass Transfer, 41, pp. 839-849.
3. Häkkinen, H., and Landman, U., 1993, "Superheating, ... the distribution of
number density of atoms in space at different times, which
demonstrates the variation of solid structure during laser
heating. At the early stage of laser heating, the crystal...
... ImportanceofHeatTransfer 1
1.2 HeatTransferModes 2
1.3 TheLawsofHeatTransfer 3
1.4 FormulationofHeatTransferProblems 5
1.4.1 Heattransfer from a plate exposed to solar heat flux . . . . . . . . . ... m
3
/s of fluid enters and leaves the pipe network, using a 4-node
1
Introduction
1.1 Importance ofHeat Transfer
The subject ofheattransfer is of fundamental importance in many branches of engineering.
A ... T
4
a
)
(1.26)
where m
g
is the mass of the gas in the bulb; c
pg
, the specific heatof the gas; m
w
,themass
of the wall of the bulb; c
pw
, the specific heatof the wall; h
f
, the heattransfer coefficient
between...
... types of latent heat. The first is the latent heatof fusion. This
is the amount ofheat added or removed to change phase between solid and liquid. The second
type of latent heat is the latent heat ... ENERGY, WORK, AND HEAT
Another type ofheat is called latent heat. Latent heat is the amount ofheat added to or removed
from a substance to produce a change in phase. When latent heat is added, ... latent heatof vaporization. This is the amount ofheat added or
removed to change phase between liquid and vapor. The latent heatof vaporization is sometimes
called the latent heatof condensation.
Different...
... modes ofheat transfer:
Conduction involves the transferofheat by the interactions of atoms or molecules of a
material through which the heat is being transferred.
Convection involves the transfer ... or
molecules of a material through which the heat is being transferred.
Convection involves the transferofheat by the mixing and motion of
macroscopic portions of a fluid.
Radiation, or radiant heat transfer, ... HT-02
Heat Transfer
Intentionally Left Blank
HT-02 Page x Rev. 0
HeatTransfer TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES iii
LIST OF TABLES iv
REFERENCES v
OBJECTIVES vii
HEAT TRANSFER...
... feet, of a column of water that a given pressure will support. Each of
the energies possessed by a fluid can be expressed in terms of head. The elevation head
represents the potential energy of ... represents the flow energy of a column of fluid whose weight is equivalent to the
pressure of the fluid.
The sum of the elevation head, velocity head, and pressure head of a fluid is called the ... Av
ã The principle of conservation of mass states that all mass flow rates into a
control volume are equal to all mass flow rates out of the control volume
plus the rate of change of mass within...
... boundary conditions of practi-
cal interest. The number of excellent review articles, books and monographs, which
summarise the state -of- the-art of convective heat and mass transfer, which are ... delaying the onset of the separation of the boundary-layer from the plate,
as can be seen from Figure 2.15, where the plot of the location of the separation
point,
Xs,
as a function of
Pr (xs
is ... interest and meaningful suggestions of Professor T Y. Na and Dr. D. A. S.
Rees, the reviewers of this work. Secondly, the formatting of this book and the
preparation of the figures were performed...
... Periodic Heating 327
5.10 Finite-Difference Methods 330
5.10.1 Discretization of the Heat Equation: The Explicit Method 330
5.10.2 Discretization of the Heat Equation: The Implicit Method 337
5.11 ... function of current for
the range 100 Յ I Յ 5000 A. Also plot the ratio
of the heattransfer by convection to the total heat
transfer.
1.62 A small sphere of reference-grade iron with a specific
heat ... applicability ofheat exchanger analysis to heat
sink design and materials processing. Much of the coverage of compact heat exchangers
included in the previous edition was limited to a specific heat exchanger....
... Method W-1
4S.1.1 Methodology of Constructing a Flux Plot W-1
4S.1.2 Determination of the HeatTransfer Rate W-2
4S.1.3 The Conduction Shape Factor W-3
4S.2 The Gauss–Seidel Method: Example of ... description of the heat
transfer between a heat engine and its surroundings further limits the actual efficiency of a
heat engine.
1.3.1 Relationship to the First Law of Thermodynamics
(Conservation of ... heater dissipates
2 kW while submerged in a water flow that is at 20ЊC
and provides a convection heattransfer coefficient of
h ϭ 5000 W/m
2
⅐ K. Neglecting heattransfer from the
ends of the heater,...
... tot
q/q
′′
vs. T, note that the convection heattransfer rate is always a
small fraction of the total heat transfer. That is, radiation is the dominant mode ofheat transfer. Note
also that the convection ... generally small, concurrent
heat transfer by radiation and/or conduction must often be considered. However, jet impingement is one
of the more effective means of transferring heat by convection and ... Electrical heater is perfectly insulated
from dryer wall, (3) Heater and switch are isothermal at T
set
, (4) Negligible heattransfer from
sides of heater or switch, (5) Switch surface, A
s
, loses heat...
... 11:4
Mass and Heat Transfer
ANALYSIS OF MASS CONTACTORS
AND HEAT EXCHANGERS
T. W. FRASER RUSSELL
University of Delaware
ANNE SKAJA ROBINSON
University of Delaware
NORMAN J. WAGNER
University of Delaware
v
... entity. Each of these types of exchangers
is discussed next.
3.3.1 Batch Heat Exchanger
The batch heat exchanger system was discussed extensively in Subsection 3.2.3 with
the development of methods ... mass of the fluid and is the density (in kilograms per cubic meter).
If the heat capacities are constant over the range in temperature expected or if an
average value of the heat capacity of the...
... COMBINED MODES OFHEAT TRANSFER
Previous sections treated each mode ofheattransfer separately. But in practice all the three
modes ofheattransfer can occur simultaneously. Additionally heat generation ... model.
VED
c-4\n-demo\demo1-1.pm5
12 FUNDAMENTALS OFHEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
Solution: Refer equation 1.10
Heat convected + heat radiated = heat conducted considering 1m
2
,
h(T
1
– T
2
) + ... transfer
Example 1.2: Determine the heattransfer by convection over a surface of 0.5 m
2
area if the
surface is at 160°C and fluid is at 40°C. The value of convective heattransfer coefficient is 25
W/m
2
K....