metabolic granulomatous and infiltrative disorders of the liver
WHEN THINGS GO WRONG – DISEASES AND DISORDERS OF THE HUMAN BRAIN docx
Ngày tải lên :
28/06/2014, 11:20
... hear, and to distinguish the ugly and the beautiful, the bad and the good, pleasant and unpleasant It is the brain too which is the seat of madness and delirium, of the fears and frights which assail ... volumes of the head and medial surface of the hippocampus and the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the amygdala Volumes of these subregions declined with age in the GTS group but not in controls, so the ... disorders and diseases of the brain, the advances in brain research provide hope in the form of their own understanding of what is going wrong and in the form of advances in novel therapies which...
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DISORDERS OF THE VULVA AND VAGINA pps
Ngày tải lên :
05/08/2014, 16:20
... to the cervical and vaginal mucosa When these are removed, slight oozing occurs There may be both erythema and edema of the vulva and vagina The discharge with Candida infection has a pH of 4–5 ... acne, and symptoms are soreness and local swelling, edema, CHAPTER 20 DISORDERS OF THE VULVA AND VAGINA 581 cellulitis, and suppuration of the groin Involvement of apocrine glands establishes the ... in origin Nonetheless, cancer of the vulva may arise also from the urethra, glandular elements of the vulva, or mucosa of the lower third of the vagina Vulvar cancers are intraepithelial or invasive...
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Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System - part 1 potx
Ngày tải lên :
10/08/2014, 15:20
... to the skin into the liver substance and extracted This is the quick part of the procedure The tip of the needle is now placed on sterile paper and some of the remaining saline flushed through the ... to a compartment of uncoupling of receptor and ligand (CURL) The receptor and ligand separate The receptor returns to sinusoidal plasma membrane and the ligand enters a lysosome and is degraded ... 645 Other causes of extrinsic pressure on the common bile duct, 645 37 Tumours of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts, 647 Benign lesions of the gallbladder, 647 Carcinoma of the gallbladder, 647 Other...
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Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System - part 2 pot
Ngày tải lên :
10/08/2014, 15:20
... especially the hypothenar and thenar eminences and pulps of the fingers (fig 6.12) Islets of erythema may be found at the bases of the fingers The soles of the feet may be similarly affected The mottling ... diameter and is not obliterated by pressure Venous stars are seen on the dorsum of the foot, legs, back and on the lower border of the ribs Palmar erythema (liver palms) The hands are warm and the ... benzodiazepines and barbiturates (fig 7.9) The binding of any of these ligands opens a chloride channel and after the influx of chloride there is hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane, and neuroinhibition...
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Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System - part 3 potx
Ngày tải lên :
10/08/2014, 15:20
... veins of the caval system Deviation of blood into these channels leads to varicosities in the submucous layer of the lower end of the oesophagus and fundus of the stomach (b) At the anus, the superior ... bypass the block and return blood towards the liver These enter the portal vein in the porta hepatis beyond the block They include the veins at the hilum, venae comitantes of the portal vein and ... by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein just posterior to the head of the pancreas at about the level of the second lumbar vertebra It extends slightly to the right of...
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Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System - part 4 docx
Ngày tải lên :
10/08/2014, 15:20
... one another to form septal bile ducts and so on until the two main hepatic ducts emerge from the right and left lobes of the liver at the porta hepatis Small bile ducts distal to the canals of Hering ... ll the lacunae with new bone (osteoid), a matrix of collagen and other proteins The osteoid is then mineralized, a process dependent on calcium, and therefore vitamin D The two main forms of metabolic ... continuity with the space of Disse Disruption of the tight junction leads to free passage of solute and larger molecules into the canaliculus with loss of the osmotic gradient and cholestasis...
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Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System - part 5 pot
Ngày tải lên :
10/08/2014, 15:20
... serum IgG anti-HDV is found There may be a window period between the disappearance of one and the detection of the other Loss of IgM anti-HDV confirms the resolution of HDV infection, whereas persistence ... both as monotherapy, and, on the basis of recently completed large trials, in combination with ribavirin The cost and availability makes all these treatments out of reach of the millions of sufferers ... introspection by the patient Antiviral therapy The aim is to control infectivity, eradicate the virus and prevent the development of cirrhosis However, permanent loss of HBeAg and HBV DNA are unusual and...
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Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System - part 6 pps
Ngày tải lên :
10/08/2014, 15:20
... lipids synthesized in the liver itself The origin depends upon the dose of ethanol ingested and the lipid content of the diet After an acute, isolated ingestion of a large dose of ethanol the fatty ... redox state of the liver The hydrogen generated replaces fatty acid as a fuel and is followed by triglyceride accumulation and fatty liver The redox state of the liver changes, protein synthesis is ... cleaved off the procollagen molecule in the synthesis of a collagen type III fibril In studies of patients with chronic liver disease there is a relationship between the serum concentration and the...
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Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System - part 8 ppt
Ngày tải lên :
10/08/2014, 15:20
... throughout the world except in New Zealand, Australia and some parts of the west Pacific The Borrelia multiply in the liver, invading liver cells and causing focal necrosis Just before the crisis the ... abscess in the left lobe of the liver may show a crescentic deformity of the lesser curve of the stomach US is the most useful (fig 29.7) CT shows the abscess with a somewhat irregular edge and low ... the liver parenchyma The lesions produced are single or multiple and of variable size The amoebic abscess is usually about the size of an orange The most frequent site is in the right lobe, often...
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Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System - part 9 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
10/08/2014, 15:20
... laterally over the gallbladder down to the duodenum, to the hepatic flexure of the colon and even to the right lobe of the liver, perhaps closing the foramen of Winslow In a milder form, a band of tissue ... anomaly the gallbladder lies under the left lobe of the liver, to the left of the falciform ligament This may be caused by the gallbladder migrating to a position under the left lobe of the liver ... lesions of the liver and bile ducts are increasingly being diagnosed This can be related to the improved methods of imaging the liver and bile ducts, and of liver biopsy Application of such methods...
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Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System - part 10 docx
Ngày tải lên :
10/08/2014, 15:20
... usually used The left lobe of the donor liver is excised and the right lobe anastomosed to the portal vein, inferior vena cava and aorta of the recipient The donor liver hypertrophies and the recipient’s ... into the liver They cause complete obstruction of the extra-hepatic bile ducts with intra-hepatic biliary dilatation and enlargement of the liver The gallbladder is collapsed and flaccid If the ... which there is no acceptable, alternative therapy The patient and the family must understand the magnitude of the undertaking and be prepared to face the difficult early postoperative period and...
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ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND DISORDERS OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM - PART 1 pps
Ngày tải lên :
11/08/2014, 06:21
... understanding of the anatomy and function of the ear and the auditory nervous system, and it discusses the cause and treatment of hearing disorders Most books on hearing focus either on the anatomy ... coverage of disorders of the auditory system emphasizing the interaction between pathologies of the middle ear and the cochlea and the function of the nervous system and vice versa Hyperactive disorders ... accumulated about the function of the cochlea than of any other sensory organ C H A P T E R Anatomy of the Ear ABSTRACT 10 The ear consists of the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear The outer...
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ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND DISORDERS OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM - PART 2 ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
11/08/2014, 06:21
... at the entrance of the ear canal compared with the sound pressure that is measured in the place of the head The effect of the head on the sound at the entrance of the ear canal is related to the ... between the effective area of the tympanic membrane and the area of the stapes footplate, but the lever ratio of the middle ear bones also contributes The ratio of areas of the BOX 2.2 SOUND DELIVERED ... remarkable in the light of the FIGURE 2.12 (A) Average displacements of the umbo, the head of the stapes and the lenticular process of the incus (B) The lever ratio at 124 dB SPL at the tympanic...
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ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND DISORDERS OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM - PART 4 potx
Ngày tải lên :
11/08/2014, 06:21
... in the ventral parts of the MGB of the thalamus, the nonclassical sensory pathways use the dorsal and medial division of the MGB as relay (Fig 5.10) [122] These divisions of the MGB receive their ... near the frequency of a formant will show a periodic pattern with the frequency of the formant The spectra of these histograms show harmonics of the fundamental frequency of the vowel and the ... between the classical and the non-classical routes and the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (AL), showing the “high route” and the “low route” Connections between the basolateral (ABL) and the central...
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ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND DISORDERS OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM - PART 6 pot
Ngày tải lên :
11/08/2014, 06:21
... The caudal portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the (dorsal) surface of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and the rostral portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the dorsal surface of ... difference between the latency of the N1 of the AP and that of the response from the intracranial portion of the auditory nerve is the travel time in the auditory nerve from the ear to the recording ... the latency of the first peak in the dipole and the length is the relative strength of the dipoles Note the short distance between the two first dipoles (peak I and II of the ABR) and the third...
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ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND DISORDERS OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM - PART 7 pot
Ngày tải lên :
11/08/2014, 06:21
... and standard error of the mean are shown as a function of the intensity of the noise The TTS was measured 20 s after the end of the exposure In this study the noise exposure consisted of a band ... basis of the elevation of the hearing threshold in disorders of the middle ear and the cochlea but the effect on the function of the nervous system may affect speech discrimination Impairment of speech ... decreases the input to the cochlea and thereby decreases the contraction of the stapedius muscle, and that in turn causes the input to the cochlea to again increase, and that increases the contraction...
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ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND DISORDERS OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM - PART 8 docx
Ngày tải lên :
11/08/2014, 06:21
... increase the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the ear (cf Chapter 3) The widening of the tuning of the basilar membrane broadens the “slices” of the spectrum of broad band sounds from which the ... spectrum The amount of acquired hearing loss depends not only on the intensity of the noise and the duration of exposure but also on the character of the noise (frequency spectrum and time pattern) The ... perpendicular to the surface of the flat portion of the incudo-stapedial joint and that does not cause any movement of the incus and thus no displacement of the tympanic membrane If the pressure in the perilymphatic...
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ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND DISORDERS OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM - PART 9 pdf
Ngày tải lên :
11/08/2014, 06:21
... tinnitus and abnormal perception of sounds such as hyperacusis and phonophobia) are some of the most diverse and complex disorders of the auditory system and their causes are often obscure Often ... corresponding to the F1 frequency and the other corresponding to the frequency of F2 The rate of the impulses is that of F0 for voiced sounds, and a quasi-random rate (average of 100 pps) for ... determined on the basis of the output of 16 band-pass filters The output of the six band-pass filters with the largest amplitudes is coded in the impulses that are applied to the electrodes in the cochlea...
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Báo cáo y học: "Giant atypical carcinoid of the liver with vascular metastases and local sinusoidal invasion: a case report" potx
Ngày tải lên :
11/08/2014, 10:22
... structured a large part of the Discussion section AV was the primary resident involved in the radiologic studies for this case and handled the write-up of the radiologic portion of the manuscript WD ... to the liver and to compare these changes to those found in other carcinoids A complete and thorough autopsy is the only way to prove definitively that a carcinoid is truly primary to the liver, ... reports have shown the added benefits of systemic chemotherapy and hepatic artery chemoembolus injection [10] When given as the only form of therapy, chemotherapy drugs such as 5-FU and streptozocin...
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