... perturbation ofthe DNA-binding interface showed that, inthe case of HPV-16, most ofthe binding energy comes from a ‘direct readout’ recognition mode [22] In fact, recognition of DNA by proteins, in ... mutation into arginine, indicating the importance ofthe positive charges for the occurrence of nonspecific contacts with DNA [22] The BPV-1 protein shows low flexibility ofthe loop connecting the ... a regular helix, in particular at the level ofthe Phe303 residue [13] Interestingly, these deviations are maintained also inthe DNA-bound form [13] Inthe HPV-16 protein, the b2–b3 loop is...
... [23], the first two include the substitution of methionine (M) by the amino acids isoleucine (I) or valine (V) inthe YMDD motif (C domain) at position rtM204V/I Inthe majority of cases, these ... mutations inthe YMDD motif occur together with an additional compensatory mutation inthe B subdomain [20], namely the substitution of a leucine by methionine some 20 amino acids upstream fromthe ... the YMDD domain at position rtL180M Finally, the newly discovered mutant to adefovir (rtN236T) is located downstream fromthe YMDD motif inthe D domainofthe viral polymerase Assuming correct...
... Mapping the transcription start site ofthe xMGP gene Fig Sites of intron insertions within the amino-acid sequence of Xenopus, human and mouse MGPs Conserved sites of intron insertions in mammalian ... indicates that all other introns (2, and 4) are located at conserved sites within the MGP coding sequence (Fig 2) Analysis ofthe phase of each ofthe xMGP introns located within the coding region revealed ... subcloned into pBSSK (Stratagene) The structure ofthe gene including the 5Â and 3Â anking regions was determined by double-stranded DNA sequencing, exons were identied according to the sequence of the...
... of several amino acid side chains Amino acid residues interacting with the guanine moiety of GDP in EhPGK The amino acid residues known to interact with the adenine moiety inthe ADP ⁄ ATP-binding ... carbon ofthe guanine ring may interact with the side chain of Glu309, whereas the carbonyl group at position ofthe guanine ring may interact with the hydroxyl group ofthe Tyr239 side chain (Figs ... structures ofthe wild-type, single- and double-mutant EhPGKs in a closed conformation will certainly help to clarify themolecular arrangement inthe guanine ring binding site during the binding of one...
... protein serine ⁄ threonine protein kinase; MEK, MAPK serine ⁄ threonine protein kinase; MLCK, myosin light chain kinase (serine ⁄ threonine protein kinase); MLCPase, myosin light chain phosphatase; ... chain phosphatase PP1 and thereby leads to increased levels ofmyosin light chain phosphorylation [101] The resulting myosin light chain phosphorylation regulates actin reorganization, increasing ... receptor binding and translocation activity remains unclear, these domains are located inthe N-terminus of each of these toxins and share limited sequence similarities with each other [131–137]; they...
... obtained for four mice, indicating that fewer than 50 bacteria ofthe PMM56 mutant strain were present inthe spleen of these mice For the determination ofthe number of PMM56 bacteria present in ... determined by calculating the ratio of mutant to wild-type bacteria after correcting for the ratio of these strains inthe inoculum It appeared that, 21 days after infection, the ratio of PMM56 ... corresponding to that ofthe methine proton ofthe carbon bearing the methoxyl group [14,15] Furthermore, the proton resonances ofthe methyl group b (Fig 5) was observed at 1.05 p.p.m., instead of...
... assist inthe binding and positioning ofthe substrate and play a role inthe recognition ofthe reducing end ofthe cellulose chain Arginine side-chains are present in all equivalent locations in ... of a Cterminal carbohydrate-binding module linked via a proline/ serine/threonine-rich linker to the catalytic domain [45] There are two predicted N-glycosylation sites inthe catalytic domain ... for the backbone of CBH IB The final model, 1Q9H, included 430 ofthe 437 amino acid residues of CBH IB The final two amino acids and the loop region (from amino acids 193–197) were not visible in...
... structure ofthe EcR ligand-binding domain ⁄ USP ligand-binding domainof Heliothis virescens with PonA was solved Inthe analysis ofthe EcR ⁄ ligand-binding domain ⁄ PonA complex, amino acid ... (ligand- or hormone-binding domain) [8,9] The X-ray crystal structures ofthe ligand-binding domains of EcR, USPs and RXRs have been resolved in a few insects [10–13], and the binding of ponasterone ... decemlineata [15] In these species, the specific binding of PonA to EcR was significantly enhanced inthe presence of USP The heterodimerizing effect of USP on ligand–receptor binding is common to the...
... reproduced in many other cells These evidences are exciting from several point of view: if from one side we might consider the induction of apoptosis as an interesting anti-cancer action, on the other ... by the double treatment, showing an increase ofthe G1 peack at low dose BPA (30 μM) and an increase ofthe G2-M fraction of cells at the highest concentration of BPA (100 μM) Differently, inthe ... peack in all the cell lines tested, HL60 being the most resistant one In NB4 cells, a model from promyelocytic leukemia containing the fusion protein PMLRARα and sensitive to retinoids, the highest...
... could reflect the low resolution ofthe analyzer operating inthe linear mode or might result in overlapping of ions originating from protein/ peptides of very similar molecular masses In addition, ... Data Processing and Statistical Analysis The preprocessing of data that included averaging of technical repeats, interpolation of missing or non-aligned points, binning of neighboring points to reduce ... is the study ofthe proteome, the complete protein components ofthe cell, tissue or organism, which in contrast to the genome is dynamic and fluctuates depending on a combination of numerous internal...
... are the same as the paternal grandparents ofthe qtl pedigree Therefore the prediction mother and the qtl father are full-sibs Also, the paternal grandmother ofthe prediction pedigree is the ... that the microfibrils ofthe S2 layer ofthe cell wall make with the longitudinal axis ofthe cell [20] Lower fibril angles (closer alignment with the axis ofthe cell) have a positive influence ... defined as the non-random association of alleles at linked loci and results fromthe two sites only rarely recombining from each other; it is an indirect estimate of how closely two loci are linked...
... Analysis of EMSA indicates a direct binding ofthe recombinant PhoP to pmrD The binding of PhoP or PmrA to PpmrH has been determined recently [31] In order to determine whether PhoP binds directly ... after the addition of deferoxamine The results clearly demonstrate the involvement of PmrA, PhoP and PmrD inthe regulation ofthe expression of pmr genes, particularly inthe presence of high ... shown in Figure 5A, binding ofthe recombinant HisPhoP protein to PpmrD was evident by the formation of a protein/DNA complex with a slower mobility The binding specificity was also examined by the...
... elements, including early administration of mitomycin-C, inclusion of cisplatin and prolonged doxifluridine administration besides the intraperitoneal therapy Thus, it remains to be proven if the survival ... the OFF arm The median OS inthe OFF arm was 28 weeks, and that ofthe FF arm was 13 weeks, thereby fulfilling the study hypothesis There was also a significant prolongation of PFS inthe treatment ... examined intermittent administration of oxaliplatin in minimizing neurotoxicity from oxaliplatin The Combined Oxaliplatin Neurotoxicity Prevention Trial (CONcePT) randomized patients receiving...
... N-terminal half ofthe P protein of VHSV is highly varia- ble, whereas C-terminal half is conserved Phylogenetic tree ofthe P protein shows clustering of MI03GL, JF00Ehil and Makah strains The ... residue at the 5'-terminal Figure shows the phylogenetic trees formed by comparing the deduced amino acid sequences of MI03GL strain N, P, M, NV and L proteins with other VHSV strains, in which ... Fi13 strain [9] and coding regions of several other strains of VHSV have been determined later [10] In this study, we characterized the entire genome ofthe Great Lakes VHSV isolate MI03GL from muskellunge,...
... expression profiles ofthe samples into two groups – one group containing profiles from inoculated animals/ inflamed tissues and one group containing profiles fromthe non-inoculated animals/non-inflamed ... Veterinaria Scandinavica 2007, 49:11 mRNA coding for the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, found in inflamed areas ofthe lung, is probably due to the function of IL-10 in counteracting the host ... rows representing profiles of genes and columns representing profiles of samples The gene dendrogram is shown to the left ofthe matrix and the dendrogram ofthe samples is shown above the matrix...
... below), inthe envelope complex of HIV-2 differs substantially from that of HIV-1 Glycans on HIV-1 envelope protein play an important role inthe folding ofthe glycoproteins, in infection and in ... is the main driver ofthe rapid intra-host evolution ofthe C2 and C3 regions in HIV-2 [15,25,58,60,64-66] Indeed, we found that most ofthe amino acids under selection are located in C2, including ... common in HIV-2 than in HIV-1 infection Still, little is known about the role of humoral immunity inthe evolution ofthe HIV-2 env gene Inthe present study we analyze, for the first time, the molecular...
... determine intraspecies polymorphisms inthe coding sequence (exons and 3) ofthe canine leptin gene and the detection of a mutation which occurred inthe course of evolution in selected species of ... arginine Likewise, inthe dog, asparagine was present at the 87th position but inthe other species studied it was replaced by threonine The third substitution occurred at the 121st position in ... polymorphisms inthe coding sequence ofthe gene [12] Diversity ofthe leptin gene was studied in 578 A Chmurzynska et al Table II Some polymorphisms identified in exon and exon ofthe human, porcine and...
... and Schroer, 2000) There are two types of kinesin, kinesin-1 and kinesin-2 Kinesin-1 is found to be involved inthe transport of various organelles including Golgi complex (Lippincottschwartz et ... VirE2 in vitro and the binding site in VirE2 overlapped with the VirE2 self-binding domain, indicating that VirE1 may protect VirE2 from self-aggregation (Deng et al., 1999) The binding site in ... was blocked by inhibition ofthe minus-end directed dynein (Salman et al., 2005) This study suggests the involvement of MTs and the dynein motorinthe trafficking of T-complex Nevertheless, more...
... used the same force field to examine the interfacial water in MOF-5, and 22 Chapter Introduction reported the instability of MOF-5 structure in presence of water based on the vibrational modes of ... α-cage The two S8MRs form a double eight-membered ring (D8MR) 60 Figure 3.5 Adsorption isotherms of water, methanol, and ethanol in Na-rhoZMOF The inset shows the isotherms inthe linear scale of ... representation of (a) Na-rho-ZMOF and (b) ZIF71 Two types of binding sites exist for Na+ ions in Na-rhoZMOF, in which site I (pink) is at the single eight-membered ring (S8MR) and site II (yellow) is in the...
... crystalline proteins are directly packed in chromatographic column.5 Furthermore, the compact arrangement of protein molecules in crystalline phase inhibits protein unfolding and thus maintains their ... identical with the same nature ofthe protein molecule Both of them are larger than those inthe thermolysin 1L3F crystal because ofthe higher porosity inthe latter We also estimated the hydration ... ratio ofthe number of water molecules inthe protein crystal to the total number of bulk water molecules that can fill inthe simulation box without protein The bulk water density ofthe SPC...