... Manufactured house, airchange rate, weather, volatileorganiccompound (VOC) , formaldehyde, emission rate, indoorairquality Introduction Indoor exposures to toxic and irritating volatileorganic compounds ... the emission factor at the lower airchangerate to the emission factor at the higher airchangerate was near unity for the most volatile compounds and generally decreased with decreasing compound ... the house (m3); a is the airchangerate (h-1); C is the air concentration of the compound in the house (µg m-3); and C0 is the outdoor air concentration (µg m-3) Area-specific emission rates...
... definition relates to IndoorAirQuality World Health Organisation (1989) “any organic compounds” - very volatileorganiccompound (VVOC) < up to 50 - volatileorganiccompound (VOC) 50 - 100 up to ... “any organic compounds” - volatileorganiccompound (VOC) GC rt C6 - C16 (b.p 287 °C) - semivolatile organiccompound (SVOC) GC rt > C16 - C22 (b.p 368 °C) - This definition relates to IndoorAir ... Very VolatileOrganic Compounds - VVOC Organic compounds that are detected before n-hexane (< n-C6) under the conditions specified in ISO 16 000 part Semi -Volatile Organic Compounds - SVOC Organic...
... of volatileorganic compounds, Chem Rev., 103(12), 4605–4638, 2003 Barletta, B., Meinardi, S., Rowland, F S., Chan, C Y., Wang, X M., Zou, S C., Chan, L Y., and Blake, D R.: Volatileorganic compounds ... ambient volatileorganic compounds in Beijing city, China, J Environ Sci Heal A, 40(10), 1843–1860, 2005 Na, K., Kim, Y P., and Moon, K C.: Diurnal characteristics of volatileorganic compounds ... made the largest contribution to the OH loss rate Using correlations among VOC compounds, we evaluated the relative importance of local emissions of VOCs at different sites We attributed the ambient...
... holding time.” Additionally, the quality control criteria and quality December 2005 -8- EPA Region Technical Guidelines for Accurately Determining VolatileOrganicCompound Concentration in Soil ... Four VolatileOrganic Compounds in Soil Subsamples US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Special Report 94-6 Hewitt, A.D (1995) Chemical Preservation of VolatileOrganic Compounds ... Analysis of VolatileOrganic Compounds US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Special Report 96-5 Hewitt, A.D (1997) Preparing Soil Samples for VolatileOrganicCompound Analysis,...
... Regulations SECTION 1: INTERPRETATION Question 1.1: Definition of VOCs Q: What are VOCs? A: Volatileorganic compounds (VOCs) are air pollutants that contribute to the formation of ground-level ... of smog, an ambient airquality issue with harmful impacts on both human health and the environment Concerning indoorairquality issues, these are not only related to VOC emissions since several ... This definition provides the list of excluded compounds The definition for the term “excluded compounds” set out in the VolatileOrganicCompound (VOC) Concentration Limits for Automotive Refinishing...
... with combustion and photochemical marker compounds Experimental 2.1 Pittsburgh AirQuality Study (PAQS) [6] The field component of the Pittsburgh AirQuality Study was carried out from July 2001 ... creating VOC free air in a matrix resembling real air as closely as possible Zero air was analyzed daily to check for blank problems and contamination for all measured compounds [14] Compounds measured ... sources to OVOC and OC levels is explored in detail in the following section 3.3 Source Apportionment of OVOCs and Aerosol Organic Carbon 3.3.1 OVOC Source Apportionment [37] Oxygenated VOCs can...
... heatwave emission rates (mg mÀ2 hÀ1) for isoprene and monoterpenes, compared with heatwave anthropogenic volatileorganic compounds (VOC) emission rates Anthropogenic emissions taken from the EPA AIRS ... where changes in AVOC emissions were greater than changes in BVOC (e.g around New York City) The estimated difference between BVOC and AVOC emissions, and hence any estimate of changes in emissions, ... that US BVOC emissions are static on the decadal timescales relevant to air pollution policy Research into trends in BVOC emissions has concentrated on climate change, which can affect BVOC emissions...
... 1152 used as a direct measure of mass emissionrate from individual sources 3.0 Definitions 3.1 Calibration gas means the VOCcompound used to adjust the instrument meter reading ... the local VOC concentration at the surface of a leak source that indicates that a VOCemission (leak) is present The leak definition is an instrument meter reading based on a reference compound ... specified leak definition concentration that indicates that a VOCemission (leak) is not present 1153 3.5 Reference compound means the VOC species selected as the instrument calibration basis for...
... boundary conditions for North American airquality OVOCs were the dominant compound class contributing to the total measured gas-phase VOC burden and the VOC OH reactivity at Trinidad Head Their ... measurements of C2 – C10 volatileorganic compounds above a Sierra Nevada ponderosa pine plantation, J Geophys Res., 104(D17), 21,247 – 21,262 Liss, P S., and J N Galloway (1993), Air- sea exchange of sulphur ... air at Trinidad Head One simple index of the chemical reactivity of an air mass is the total OH reactivity for measured compounds, defined as OH Reactivity ¼ X kX ½X; ð3Þ X where kX is the rate...
... Extraction of volatile metabolites Volatile compounds were extracted using general purpose solvent Parliment (1997) as described by Ibrahim et al (2011) Extraction of volatile compounds was done ... above volatileorganic compounds and the differences in their relative abundance could be considered for qualitative discrimination of healthy and spoilt mango fruits especially when unique compounds ... microorganisms associated with spoilt mango fruits in Sokoto metropolis; extract and identifying volatileorganic compounds associated with spoilt sweet pepper using GC-MS Materials and Methods Sample...
... Technical Services Division of the Bay Area AirQuality Management District 2 Abstract Trends in the composition and reactivity of volatileorganiccompound (VOC) emissions from motor vehicles are described ... formation VOCemission speciation is therefore an important input to sourceoriented photochemical models that are used to help design air pollution control strategies Exposure to some organic compounds ... Natural VOC emissions from plants are also important Knowledge of the detailed chemical composition of VOC emissions from major source categories is important because each individual VOC contributes...
... mass release rates to get estimates of nationwide VOC fluxes The emission ratio EV (here for methane) is given by equation 1: EV (VOC) shed (CH ) shed (VOC) shed (VOC) Out g/mol C in VOC * 6 g/mol ... depends on how precisely the trace gas concentrations and the air exchange rates can be measured It is difficult to calculate the air exchange rate in naturally ventilated buildings This has commonly ... shed air turnover rates and constant background trace gas emission rates This was done using equation with the assumptions (i) of observing well-mixed air, (ii) that dilution with reference air...
... being investigated One approach is detection of volatileorganic compounds (VOCs) produced by bacteria P aeruginosa may be detected by analyzing VOCs produced in vitro (Table 1), although the ... measured a variable range of VOCs Breath or Table Literature overview of volatileorganic compounds found in in vitro and in vivo studies in samples with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Volatiles reference acetaldehyde, ... −0.04 3-octanone 9,737 983,4667 −0.08 methyl isobutyl ketone 4,806 727,7824 −0.08 VolatileOrganic Compounds (VOCs) were ranked according their VID with high values indicating a positive correlation...
... equation: % VOC WL Vn WL WP EP WP 100 Where: V = weight fraction of non-exempted volatileorganic compounds in the non-propellant portion n = number of non-exempted volatileorganic compounds in ... section 94500, and (2) low vapor pressure -volatile organic compounds (LVP -VOC) as that term is defined in section 94508(a), and (3) the reactive organic compounds (ROC) contained in aerosol coating ... METHOD 310 DETERMINATION OF VOLATILEORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC) IN CONSUMER PRODUCTS AND REACTIVE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN AEROSOL COATING PRODUCTS APPLICABILITY 1.1 This...
... a review and summary of the literature”, Indoor Air, vol 3(4), pp 227-236, 1993 H L M Hodgson, and P Wolkoff, Volatileorganic compounds and indoorair , Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, ... "Occupational Safety, and Health Administration Indoorair quality, 29 CFR”, Fed Register, 1994, pp 15968-6039 T Husman, “Health effects of indoor -air microorganisms”, Scandinavian Journal of Work, ... Laguna, Volatile alcoholic compounds fibre optic nanosensor”, Sensors and Actuators B, vol 115, pp 444-449, 2006 S Casado-Terrones, C Elosua, C Bariain, and A S Carretero, Volatile- organic- compound...
... EPA-450/3-88-009 REDUCTION OF VOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUND EMISSIONS FROM AUTOMOBILE REFINISHING CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CENTER SPONSORED BY: Emission Standards Division Off ice of AirQuality Planning and Standards ... available alternative technologies for reducing VOC emissions from automobile refinishing operations; 2) determine VOC emissions and achievable VOCemission reductions; and 3) evaluate the cost ... volatileorganic compounds (VOC' s) must be reduced to a level consistent with attaining the ozone NAAQS as demonstrated by atmospheric dispersion modeling Once the State has determined the VOC emission...
... the volatileorganiccompound (VOC) content limit for stains rather than lacquers Also, a definition for stains, including lacquer stains, has been added The term “community-based paint exchange” ... Agency Office of Air and Radiation Office of AirQuality Planning and Standards Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 August 1998 Disclaimer This report has been reviewed by the Emission Standards ... EPA-453/R-98-006b National VolatileOrganicCompoundEmission Standards for Architectural Coatings Background for Promulgated Standards...
... reduction in volatileorganic compounds (VOC) emissions from consumer products One commenter (IV-F-1(b)) approved of the proposed rule because it allows significant reduction in VOC content and emissions ... NATIONAL VOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDEMISSION STANDARDS FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS BACKGROUND FOR PROMULGATED STANDARDS Emission Standards Division U.S Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air and ... of AirQuality Planning and Standards Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 August 1998 DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Emission Standards Division of the Office of Air Quality...
... EPA-453/R-96-011b VolatileOrganicCompound Emissions from Automobile Refinishing -Background Information for Promulgated Standards Emission Standards Division U.S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Office of Air ... consumed In general, the benefits of VOC reductions in ozone attainment areas include reductions in emissions of VOCair toxics, reductions in the contribution from VOC emissions to the formation of ... of VOC emissions from consumer and commercial products The study showed that emissions from consumer and commercial products in 1990 were large an estimated 28 percent of total manmade VOC emissions...