... 26 (2 010 ) 18 5-2 01
18 8
Silt/clay ratio
s
a
n
d
/
m
u
d
r
a
t
i
o
(
n
o
t
i
n
s
c
a
l
e
)
9 :1
1 :1
1:9
1: 2
2 :1
Clay
Silt
Sand
1
1a 1b
2a 2 2b
77a 7b
6
(1) (2)
Fig.2. Schema of sedimentary ...
Tab .1.
14
C dating of boreholes in coastal zone of Mekong river
Age LK BT3 LK BT2 LK BT1 LK TV LK ST
Substage Symbol
Lithofacies
x: 10
0
01 21. 2”
y: 10 6
0
42’00”
x: 10
0
01 55.62”
y: 10 6
0
34’56.94” ... River plain,
Mekong River plain and coastal plains in
Middle VietNam [8, 14 , 15 ].
T. Nghi et al. / VNU Journal of Science, Earth Sciences 26 (2 010 ) 18 5-2 01
18 7
Distribution ofthe Late...
... draw upon the original prefacewesterners in China
in the early decades ofthe nineteenth century and the war, the Opium War, that they brought on. The
war is the centerpiece, And at the time ... until the
intense dry heat ofthenorth Indian plain had lowered the water content to 30 percent. Then it and the
poppy petal sheets went together to the caking room.
Down the sides ofthe caking ... filtered into the interior, and so reached the pipes ofthe
Chinese. Just why the Chinese chose to obtain their supplies from India is no clearer than why, having
obtained it, they smoked instead of
...
... 2003
Role ofthe hinge peptide and the intersubunit interface
in the swapping of N-termini in dimeric bovine seminal RNase
Carmine Ercole
1
, Francesca Avitabile
1
, Pompea Del Vecchio
1
, Orlando ... located in regions different from
the hinge loop 16 22.
In the search for the region primarily involved in the
swapping, we focused our attention on the interface between
the subunits. In a previous ... as a 10 % solution in ethanol. The protein
(20 lg) in sodium acetate buffer (10 0 m
M
,pH5 ,10 0lL)
and DVS (1 lL ofthe 10 % solution) was incubated at
30 °C [11 ]; this is 10 00-fold excess of sulfone...
... hat,’ the King said to the Hatter.
‘It isn’t mine,’ said the Hatter.
‘Stolen!’ the King exclaimed, turning to the jury, who in-
stantly made a memorandum ofthe fact.
‘I keep them to sell,’ the ...
being run over; and the moment she appeared on the other
side, the puppy made another rush at the stick, and tumbled
head over heels in its hurry to get hold of it; then Alice, think-
ing ... going to begin again, it was very pro-
voking to nd that the hedgehog had unrolled itself, and
was inthe act of crawling away: besides all this, there was
generally a ridge or furrow in the...
... concentrations ofthe test substance were 0 .1, 1. 0, 10 .0,
10 0.0, and 10 00.0 mg/L. The growth ofthe microbes was assessed at the end of the
respective incubation period. Growth was dened as appearance of ... Gd(CPA-DO3A)
–
producedlethalityof17%and 31% at24-hourexpo-
suresof100g/Land200g/L.
34
Thetoxicityofmetalsandtheirchelatesisinuencedbytheuptakeintothe
organisms. The bioconcentration of rare earth elements (REEs) in algae ... (equivalent to 10 0 àg/L) is obtained. Thus, the ratio of PEC
(0 .17 àg/L)toPNECfordimegluminegadopentetateintheaquaticcompartment
is 1. 7 ì 10
–3
,farbelowthecriticalPEC/PNECthresholdof1.ThelowPEC/PNEC
ratio...
... Systems
reviewsourunderstandingoftheinputsoflivestockmedicinestotheenvironment
andsynthesizestheavailableinformationonthefateandtransportofveterinary
pharmaceuticalsinmanureandsoils.Towardtheendofthischapter,gapsinthecur
-
re
nt ... been
wellstudiedinrecentyears,andalargebodyofdataisnowavailable.
5
This chapter
Contents
5 .1 I
ntroduction 12 3
5.2 Inputs of Livestock Medicines to the Environment 12 4
5.3 Fate of Veterinary Medicines in Soils 12 5
5.3 .1 Sorption in Soil 12 5
5.3.2 Persistence in ... Persistence in Soil 12 7
5.4 Transport of Veterinary Medicines in Soil Systems 12 8
5.4 .1 Leaching to Groundwater 12 8
5.4.2 Runoff 12 9
5.4.3 Drain Flow 12 9
5.4.4 Uptake into Biota 12 9
5. 5 Modeling Exposur...
... erythro
-
mycin,roxithromycin,andsalinomycinof41d ,13 0d,and6d,respectively,whereas
nodegradationoftiamulinwasobserved.
51
The dissipation of tylosin was studied
inanaerobicslurriesofswinemanureobtainedfromopenandcoveredlagoonsfor
which90%disappearancetimesof40hand 310 h,respectively,werecalculated
using ... constants (k
init
)rangingfrom
0.54 h
1
to 1. 11 h
1
.
57
Triclosan and chlorophene degraded in reagent water (pH 5)
with k
init
values of1. 74 h
1
and2.67h
1
,respectively.
56
Quinoxaline transformations
occurredmoreslowly.Carbadoxwasoxidizedwithak
init
valueof0.3h
1
,
whereas
desoxycarbadoxreactedwithtwoordersofmagnitudeslowerandnomeasurableloss
of ... a
controlling process, decreases inthe concentration of competing inorganic cations
(e.g., 0. 01 to 0.0 01 N CaCl
2
)orareductionintheselectivityoftheinorganiccat-
ion (e.g., substituting K
+
for...
... survival.
Theseresultsaredifferentfromourndingofhighernumbersofbacterialeaching
fromthesecondandthirdrainevents.Sainietal.(2003)reported3.4to4.5log
CFU /10 0mLintheleachatefromtherainevent16-dpostapplication;1to10 %of
theappliedinoculumwasdetectedintheleachate,regardlessoftimebetweenappli
-
cati
on ... Systems
0.3).Wefoundsimilarresultswhenusingimmunoassay;0.6ng/mLwasdetected
inleachate.WhenexaminingspecictylosinfactorsusingLC/MS/MS,wefound
thattylosinAaccountedforapproximately22%ofthetotaltylosinresidues;this
correspondstoaconcentrationof0.2ng/mL.TylosinD,anothermajorfactor,was
detectedat0.5ng/mL,or65%ofthetotalresidues.Thisresultisquiteinteresting
consideringthecompositionofthetylosinappliedtothetopofthecolumn;tylosinD
only accounted for approximately 10 % inthe formulation applied. Finding such dif-
fe
rent proportions in ... the
vetreatedcolumns;theyalsorangedfrom1to644cells/mL(thelimitofdetection
for the assay).
Although<0 .1% ofthegfp-labeledcellsandtylosinresiduesappliedtothetopof
thecolumnweredetectedintheleachateinthisstudy,theseresultsdoindicatethe
abilityoftylosinandsomebacteriatomoveinanagronomicsoil.
7.3.2...
... mass
concentration of ca. 10 00 mg kg
1
(actual concentrations obtained were 996 mg kg
1
SMZ and 10 03 mg kg
1
SMX). After homogeneous incorporation of1. 00 g of the
seasandintothe100.0gofsoiltheresultingsoilconcentrationwas10mgkg
1
.This
providedathoroughdistributionofthecompoundsinthesoilandaslowdesorption.
The ... concentra-
ti
onsof2.26gL
1
ofsulfamethazineand2.41gL
1
of sulfamethoxazole. To avoid
directcontactofthesolventwiththeplantandwithsoilmicroorganisms,25mLof
thespikingsolutioninacetonewasmixedwith480mLofurine(resultingina3.5%
solutionofacetoneinurine).Applicationtookplaceatasoilmoistureof75 %of
maximumwater-holdingcapacity.A56.5-mgportionofSMZand60.2mgofSMX
wereappliedto6kgofsoil.Thisgivesaninitialsoilconcentrationof9.42mgkg
1
ofSMZand10.04mgkg
1
of ... Dilution)
Native,
Nonspiked Urine
(Stored 4 weeks)
Spiked
with 10 0 àg L
1
Sulfamethoxazole
Spiked
with 10 0 àg L
1
Sulfamethazine
Spiked
with 10 0 àg L
1
SMZ/SMX Mix
undiluted 1 2 200 210
diluted 1 : 10 2 1 170 210
diluted...
... Environment 218
10 .3 Drinking Water Treatment 218
10 .3 .1 Pretreatment 220
10 .3.2 Filtrat ion 220
10 .3.3 Chlorine-Based Disinfection 2 21
10.3.4 Ozone and Advanced Oxidation Treatment 222
10 .3.5 Ultraviolet ... DrugsinDrinkingWater 2 21
10.3.3 CHLORINE-BASED DISINFECTION
Chlorine disinfectants, such as free chlorine and chloramines, are widely used in
drinking water disinfection inthe United States. ... Group, LLC
217
10
Drugs in Drinking Water
Treatment Options
Howard S. Weinberg,
Vanessa J. Pereira, and Zhengqi Ye
10 .1 INTRODUCTION
The high usage of drugs throughout the world, their partial metabolism...