... Schema 5-17 DOM Fidelity and SYS_XDBPD$ 5-18 Creating XMLType Tables and Columns Based on XML Schema 5-18 Specifying Unstructured (LOB- Based) StorageofSchema -Based XMLType ... Store XMLType Data: LOBs and Structured 3-4 Advantages and Disadvantages of XML Storage Options in Oracle XML DB 3-4 When to Use CLOB Storage for XMLType 3-4 Creating XMLType ... 5-19 Specifying Storage Models for Structured StorageofSchema -Based XMLType 5-20 Specifying Relational Constraints on XMLType Tables and Columns 5-21 Oracle XML Schema Annotations...
... degree of comparison The cohesion of conjunction can be interpreted in terms of either experiential function of language that is the relation between the meanings in the sense of representations of ... of expressions like as a result (of that), in consequence (of that), because of that The use of these conjunctions is popular among the students; however, they just made errors with the use of ... effect of the mix of the two sources on the students’ use of cohesive devices Also, the tables and chart in this chapter has presented how each of these sources affects the use of each type of cohesive...
... selection of a corpus of language identification of errors in the corpus classification of the errors identified explanation of the causes of the errors evaluation or error gravity ranking of the ... questions of the study 1.4 The subjects of the study 1.5 Procedure of the study 1.6 Scope of the study 1.7 Method of the study .2 1.8 Design of the ... device often demonstrated in the existence of the English language However, learners of English as a second language in general and secondary-school students in particular often encounter a lot of...
... as follows: Recall (R) = # of correct tokens # of tokens in system output # of correct tokens # of tokens in test data 518 (a) Experiments on small training corpus # of words in training (75,169) ... characterbased model is not always better than the wordbased model They proposed a hybrid approach that exploits both the word -based and characterbased models Our approach overcomes the limitation of ... Low 2004 Chinese partof-speech tagging: One-at-a-time or all-at-once? word -based or character -based? In Proceedings of EMNLP, pages 277–284 Koby Crammer 2004 Online Learning of Complex Categorial...
... sets of mentions which constitute co-reference groups referring to the same entity Five relationships are annotated between these entities: PartOf, FeatureOf, Produces, InstanceOf, and MemberOf ... results of the system on the test portion of the corpus The results are further broken out by three different source types to highlight the differences caused Relation FEATURE OF MEMBER OF PART OF ... performed two analyses of the word frequencies in the documents: Table shows the frequency of some common words in the documents; Table shows the frequency of a select set of parts -of- speech per sentence...
... errors were measured in terms of the frequency of occurrence in various forms of cohesive devices and percentages of the different kinds of errors in the total number of errors were established ... errors of following types: i) The omission of grammatical morphemes ii) The double marking of a given semantic feature iii) The over generalized application of irregular rules iv) The use of one ... Theoretical background 2.1 The notion of errors in language teaching On the basis of theory, Behaviorists view errors as symptom of ineffective teaching or as evidence of failure They also view it as...
... accuracy is the percentage of time the correct answer is one of the top two answers returned by the system Note that a maximum window of zero corresponds to the set of single character insertion, ... the equivalent set of edit operations to those used in (Church and Gale 1991) This is a proper superset of the set of edits where the maximum window is zero and a proper subset of the edits where ... edit occurs in, 3 È _ 361 ZKHUH 361 ^VWDUW RI word, middle of word, end of word}.2 The position is determined by the location of VXEVWULQJ LQ WKH VRXUFH GLFWLRQDU\ ZRUG Positional information...
... that the BEP of M-QAM modulation subject to AWGN is expressed in terms of a weighted sum of complementary error functions The term erfc(·) in (25) corresponds to twice the probability of the additive ... subject to Nakagami-m fading Based on the consistency of the bit mapping of a Gray coded signal constellation, Cho and Yoon have derived in [4] an expression for the BEP of the square M-PAM scheme ... fading (m = 1) and different values of I and J Table 1: Number of real operations required by detector DI to obtain the estimate s(t) of the transmitted symbol s(t) based on the noisy observation...
... B Proof of (17) Appendices Proof We must evaluate the expression of (10) in the case where fX,N is estimated by Kernel method (see (11)) Then, A Proof of (15) Proof Using the definition of J( ... iterative soft bit error rate estimation for the study of any digital communication system performance This method is based on the use of nonparametric pdf estimation of the soft decision of the ... 10−6 −2 −1 Output of MF of user SNR = Eb1 /N0 (dB) 10 Single user BER True BER of MF detector New soft BER estimator Figure 1: Conditional pdf such as b1 = +1 of the output of matched filter for...
... considered For the computation of the constellation sizes, a target error probability of 10−7 is considered with a coding gain of dB and a noise margin of dB The first set of simulations aims at comparing ... one, a set of 1000 simulations is run Each simulation uses a block of K = 60 000 symbols The output of the algorithm is taken at the end of the K blocks and the performance (in terms of the estimation ... true CRB For the estimation of some set of parameters Θ, using observations y and with a set of nuisance parameters U, the modified CramerRao lower bound on the variance of any unbiased estimator...
... issues of error distribution by offering the first integrated analysis of the various mechanisms – the standard of proof, the benefit of the doubt, the presumption of innocence, and the burden of ... distribution of error The Unraveling of Reasonable Doubt Fixing the Standard of Proof 29 63 Innocence, the Burden of Proof, and the Puzzle of Affirmative Defenses 89 part ii flawed rules of evidence ... problem of articulating a standard of proof, chiefly by exploring the conceptual interdependencies between the standard of proof and the benefit of the doubt Chapter will conclude our treatment of...