... Association for Computational Linguistics
Limitations ofCurrentGrammar Induction Algorithms
Bart Cramer
School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences
University of Groningen
Groningen, the Netherlands
bart.cramer@gmail.com
Abstract
I ... development of entirely incremental
grammar induction algorithms instead of the
approaches of the systems discussed before.
1 Introduction
Grammar induction is a task within the field of nat-
ural ... suitable for the problem of gram-
mar induction. Also, incremental systems have the
advantage of an intuitive notion of time: it is al-
ways clear which working hypothesis of a grammar
is maintained.
Emile...
... network of a
workshop having a good knowledge of automatic control principles, the movement of
electric currents of DC and AC electric engines; being able to explain and design the
installation of ... were made through MOF offices at the central, provincial
and district levels. Nowadays decisions are made jointly by MOET and MOF, with MOF
responsible for the allocation of recurrent expenditure ... is available on current levels of contribution. The
study of 17 schools conducted as part of the EHRS analysis indicated community
contributions amounted to 26% of the total cost of education....
... capita, and for 1/200 of
industrial rate in industrialized countries.
2) Operation’s speed of machines equipment:
The clear reason of low profitability is low efficiency of equipment (adjusted ... The
environment
Resources
Generation
of options
Evaluation
of options
Selection of
strategy
Resource
planning
Organisation
structure
People &
systems
Figure 2.2: A Summary Model of the Elements of Strategic Management
(Source: ... produced
100-500 tons of sugarcane per day to 1500 tons/day combination of some export
equipment, producing about 20-40 per cent of equipment for production lines of
2000,4000,6000 tons of sugarcane per...
... background of com-
munications is not a belief system or a set of rules or
principles but is rather a set of social skills, a kind
of know-how, any aspect of which makes sense only in
the rest of the ... understandings of it. The
impossibility of this task is underlined by Dreyfus
(1998) who cites Husserl’s exasperation at trying to
give a detailed account of the experience of the
everyday lives of social ... for a variety of applications, three of which
are presently described. While the technical inner-
workings of these CBR platforms are certainly of
interest (but outside the scope of this paper),...
... calculation of the rms value of the current error
which, of course, is related to the energy of the error and,
therefore, to the dynamic performance of the current controller.
Differently from the current ... implemented by means of a three-phase VSI. The
current control of the filter operates the switches so as to
generate a suitable current
The current reference is
derived by subtracting the load current
from ... scheme of the complete control structure is shown in
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Scheme of the control system.
In order to limit the maximum slope of the load current
within the compensation capability of the...
... front of [the statue of] Hachiko around 6 yesterday.”
Rokuji-goro Hachikoo-mae-ni ita-n-desu.
“I was in front of [the statue of] Hachiko around 6.”
Hachikoo-mae-ni ita-n-desu.
“I was in front of ... ita-n-desu-ka.
“Were you in front of [the statue of] Hachiko at 6 yesterday, too?”
Ee, (boku-mo) Hachikoo-mae-ni ita-n-desu.
“Yes, I was in front of [the statue of] Hachiko, too.”
Ee, (boku-mo) ... tedious task of explaining them. We provide only those pieces of information
which are essential to understanding Japanese. In other words, we are trying to
help you make sense of Japanese grammar...
... questions
about, rather than with what health professionals feel
people should know (Reid).
Local context may be more important than technical
elements of the text. A study of cancer patients in
Australia (Butow), ... professionals and other patients. Future
research could measure the effectiveness of:
• increasing the amount of time health professionals
spend with patients (Tymchuk, Reid)
• supplementing print materials ... Journal of
Public Health, 79 (10), 1411-1412.
Michielutte, R., Bahnson, J., Digman, M.B., & Schroeder, E.M.
(1992). The use of illustration and narrative style to improve
readability of a health...
... or consisted of a very limited
number of specific recommendations concerning one domain, a brief description of each
publication is given, including a short summary of the scope of the guideline, ... investigation of medicinal products in the pediatric population E11
5
ICH
Worldwide
11 2001
Directive 2001/20/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4
April 2001 on the approximation of ... increased risk of adverse drug reactions and
ineffectiveness of particular drugs have been demonstrated, due to the use of off-label or
unlicensed drugs in children.
3;4
Extrapolation of adult...
... IIA Code of Ethics consists of a number of basic principles which internal
auditors are expected to uphold, together with rules of conduct which describe the
norms of behaviour expected of internal ... low of 15% to a high of 69% of internal audit activities.
Paape, Scheffe and Snoep (2003) found that 64% of respondents to their survey of
3
Anderson (2003) provides a general discussion of ... http://www.theiia.org/guidance/standards-and-
practices/position-papers /current- position-papers/.
Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA). 2000. Code of Ethics.
http://www.theiia.org/guidance/standards-and-practices/professional-practices-
framework/code -of- ethics/....
... space.
5.5 Sesame
The software producer of Sesame
37
is Aduna
38
. This company sets the focus
of their work in revealing the meaning of information. Sesame was started as a
prototype of the EU project ... be
provided. The mode of operation of the test suite is based on a use–case taken
from real life. An automtic execution of miscellaneous queries is imitating the
behavior of human operators.
Lehigh ... of a set of parser and writer for the handling of RDF data. This is
for instance used by the Storage And Inference Layer (Sail) API for initializ-
ing, querying, modifying and the shut down of...
... generation capabil-
ities of the grammars. We use two of the DELPH-
IN wide-coverage grammars: the English Resource
Grammar (ERG: Copestake and Flickinger (2000))
and a German grammar, GG (M
¨
uller ... the
efficiency of a parser with a possible trade-off of los-
ing correct parses. For example, the noun phrase
reading of The dog barks is a correct parse, although
unlikely. By blocking the use of barks ... available, it was
possible to evaluate the accuracy of the parser. Eval-
uation of deep parsing results is often reported only
in terms of coverage (number of sentences which re-
614
Threshold Coverage...
... bridge a gap be-
tween minimalist program and the logical view
of categorial grammar. We thus obtained a de-
scription of minimalist grammars which is quite
formal and allows for a better interface ... picture of these logical grammars
is as follows. A lexicon maps words (or, more
generally, items) onto a logical formula, called
the (syntactic) type of the word. Types are de-
fined from syntactic of ... slashes)
together with the commutative product of lin-
ear logic .
1
Once an array of items has been selected, a sen-
tence (orany phrase) is adeduction of IP (or of the
phrasal category) under the assumptions...
... result of
the application of that metarule. This maximal set is called the
finite closure
(FC)
of a set R of lexical ID rules under a set M
of metarules.
The cleanest possible complexity proof ...
of theories of the structure of sentences under which significant
properties of grammars and languages fall out as theorems as
opposed to being stipulated as axioms (p.4)."
The role of ... in the GPSG. While
the FCRs in some grammars may reduce the number of categories, FCRs
are a language-particular component of the grammar. The vast number of
categories cited above is
inherent...