... Domain
A class is defined for each constant of PAL. A class object
for a lexical item contains linguistic knowledge in a procedural
form. In other words, a class contains information as to how a ... Portable
Natural Language Query System.
Artificial Intelligence 19(1982) :165-187,
1982.
Montague, R.
Proper Treatment of Quantification in
Ordinary English.
In Thompson (editor), Formal ... to share methods for these cases. Any exceptional
method can be attached to lower level items.
For example, we can define a class "action verb" which has
methods for instrumental...
... our
98
Generalized Hebbian Algorithm for Incremental Singular Value
Decomposition in NaturalLanguage Processing
Genevieve Gorrell
Department of Computer and Information Science
Linkăoping University
581 ... techniques are of
great relevance within the field of natural lan-
guage processing. A persistent problem within
language processing is the over-specificity of
language, and the sparsity of data. Corpus-
based ... complexity. Any approach to au-
tomatic naturallanguageprocessing will en-
counter this problem on several levels, creat-
ing a need for techniques which compensate
for this.
Imagine we have a set...
... suggested to
inform an HRL agent’s learning process by an
HMM-based reward function, which was induced
9
For training, the step-size parameter α (one for each
SMDP) , which indicates the learning rate, ... Heriberto Cuay´ahuitl. 2010. Hi-
erarchical Reinforcement Learningfor Adaptive Text
Generation. Proceeding of the 6th International Con-
ference on NaturalLanguage Generation (INLG).
Nina Dethlefs, ... selection. We suggest to
use Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) to
achieve this. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an at-
tractive framework for optimising a sequence of de-
cisions given...
... Oregon, USA, 21 June 2011.
c
2011 Association for Computational Linguistics
Wikulu: An Extensible Architecture for Integrating Natural Language
Processing Techniques with Wikis
Daniel B
ă
ar, ... Wikipedia and cannot be used
with any other wiki platform.
6 Summary
We presented Wikulu, an extensible system which
integrates naturallanguageprocessing techniques
with wikis. Wikulu addresses ... users with their everyday
tasks by means of an intelligent interface.
Wikulu is implemented as an extensible archi-
tecture which transparently integrates natural
languageprocessing (NLP) techniques...
... survey of smoothing
techniques for ME models. IEEE Trans. On Speech and Audio
Processing, 8(2): 37-50.
Collins, M. 2000. Discriminative re-ranking fornatural
language parsing. In ICML, 175-182. ... Republic, June 2007.
c
2007 Association for Computational Linguistics
A Comparative Study of Parameter Estimation Methods for
Statistical NaturalLanguageProcessing
Jianfeng Gao
*
, Galen Andrew
*
, ... the other
three better performing estimation methods for this
model. The CMM is a probabilistic sequence model
and the log-loss used by ME estimation is most
natural for it; thus we limit the...
... algorithm for identifying
words before or after a term that suggest, for ex-
ample, that a particular symptom is not present in a
patient: “the patient has no fever.” Other methods
for understanding ... thousands
of patterns for names of medicines and have to ac-
count for misspelling, abbreviations, and acro-
nyms. Regular expressions are commonly used to
solve simple NLP tasks, though, and can ... as pattern
frequency counts.
We see the ability for the Annotation Librarian
to help identify patterns through active learning or
143
unsupervised techniques. In this way, relationships...
... continuous Tense)
6.1 Hình thức(Formation)
a. Thể khẳng định(Affirmative form)
S + was/were + V_ing…
Was: dùng cho ngôi I và ngôi thứ 3 số ít.
b. Thể phủ định(Negative form)
S + was not/ were not ... Thể khẳng định(Affirmative form)
S + have/has + been + V_ing…
b. Thể phủ định(Negative form)
S + haven‟t/ hasn‟t + Been + V_ing…
c. Thể nghi vấn(Interrogative form)
Have/has + S + Been + ... & temp1 & ".txt" For Append As #1
Print #1, temp
Close #1
List1.Clear
Open App.Path & "\" & temp1 & ".txt" For Input As #1
While Not EOF(1)...
... compounds. For example, the phrase
natural languageprocessing should generate
language +natural and processing +language, while
dynamic information processing is expected to yield
processing+ dynamic ... "Retrieval Performance in
Ferret: A Conceptual Information Retrieval
System." Proceedings of ACM SIGIR-91, pp.
347-355.
Sager, Naomi. 1981. NaturalLanguage Information
Processing. Addison-Wesley. ...
"Information Retrieval and NaturalLanguage
Processing. " Position paper at the workshop
on Future Directions in NaturalLanguage Pro-
cessing in Information Retrieval, Chicago.
Harman,...