... oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Clin Neurosci. 2003; 10: 125-7. 22. Orlacchio A, Gaudiello F, Totaro A, et al. A new SPG4 mutation in a variant form of spastic paraplegia with congenital arach-noid ... trauma, infection, intrauterine catastrophes 16 or head surgery17. In our case, the lack ofa previous history of trauma, infection and head surgery leads us to believe that the AC was ... Neuroimaging of the twins. (a) Cerebral CT of twin A shows a vast lesion of cerebrospinal fluid intensity in the left temporal lobe with a maximum diameter of 63ì40ì26 mm. (b) & (c) MRI of twin...
... tourists and organizations. In the words of Barbara Czarniawska, today’s organizations are facedwith thefrantic production of images which are circulated; a frantic translation of incoming images into ... more becoming a matter of practice: eating at particular restaurants,staying at particular hotels or choosing particular means of transportation. Cultural capital, in Holt’sinterpretation, is ... reducingour use of material and nonrenewable energy and a myriad of tools and concepts embracing presentedas tools for achieving sustainability (including initiatives such as LCA, dematerialization,...
... dialogs. Each generated dialogd in each training/test set consisted ofa sequence of values for all the observed and unobserved variables:d = (S0, U0, A 0,˜ A 0, . . .).For a training/test ... confirms a slot value. Here weassume that it can be easily hand-crafted.Formally, given a set of dialog transcripts X , ourgoal is find a set of parameters θ∗that maximizes the˜ A tGFED@ABC A tGFED@ABCUtONMLHIJKUt+1StSt+1OOOO??OO!!DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD((QQQQQQQQQQQQ//OOFigure ... true actionsand internal states. To handle this uncertainty, weemploy an EM algorithm that treats this informationas unobserved data. Although this approach doesnot directly employ manually...
... individuals, dyads, or groups to learn about and change behaviors influenced by the shadow side. The best training and experience available can be obtained in programs preparing mental health ... managers and staff interacted. They wanted an organiza- tion that valued people, encouraged innovation and creativity, and rewarded leadership and risk taking, outcomes that any management or ... to adapt their ideas and methods to the typical corporate setting. Rather, I am arguing that the average consultant who is working closely in coaching individuals, dyads, or management teams...
... envelhecimento,memúria,cogniỗóo,testesneuropsicolúgicos.BehavioralandCognitiveNeurologyUnit,DepartmentofInternalMedicine,FacultyofMedicine,FederalUniversityofMinasGerais,BeloHorizonte,Brazil.Paulo Caramelli – Department of Internal Medicine / Faculty of Medicine / Federal University of Minas Gerais - Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190 / Room 246 - 30130-100 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil. E-mail: caramelp@usp.brReceived 01/30/2008. Received in final form 02/19/2008. Accepted 02/19/2008. ... 2008;2(1):42-45Memory loss is one of the most common complaints arising in consultations with elderly people, being reported by 25% to 50% of these individuals.1 However, whether these subjective memory complaints (SMC) are related to objective memory deficits or to subsequent development of dementia, remains a matter of debate. A recent review found that SMCs are not consistently associated with current cognitive impairment, but rather are associated with a greater risk of future cognitive de-cline.2 Indeed, the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which entails an increased likelihood of conversion to dementia, demands the existence of SMCs, preferably confirmed by an informant.3High age, female gender and low educational level are generally associated with a higher prevalence of memory complaints.1 In an autopsy study, SMCs were found to be related to the presence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathol-ogy in elderly with and without dementia, suggesting that memory complaints in older persons may be a sign of self awareness ofa degenerative process.4However, SMCs might also be related to depression and some personality traits, such as neuroticism.2 It is also pos-sible that these complaints vary according to the culture of the people studied. Ina recent Brazilian study, Minett et al. found that subjects with and without SMCs performed similarly ina series of cognitive tests, although the former had higher scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale.5The present study aimed to further investigate this topic in a group of cognitively healthy Brazilian elderly subjects which were divided into two subgroups according to the presence of SMCs and submitted to brief cognitive tests.MethodsSixty cognitively intact elderly individuals (39 females and 21 males), aged 69.9±6.3 years (ranging from 60 to 91 years), and with mean educational level of 8.5±5.5 years (ranging from 1 to 20 years), were included in the study. These individuals were family caregivers of demented pa-tients followed at the Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit of the Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, in Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil, and also volunteers recruited from the community.Inclusion criteria were absence of neurological or psy-chiatric diseases according to a clinical interview, absence of depression (see below), and no use of benzodiazepines, antidepressants or neuroleptics. All participants were submitted to the Mini-Mental State-Examination (MMSE)6,7 and to the Cornell scale of depression.8,9 Performance on the MMSE was adjusted for educational level and had to be greater than or equal to 21 for 1-3 years of schooling, greater than or equal to 24 for 4-7 years and greater than or equal to 26 for individuals with 8 or more years of schooling.10 Scores on the Cornell scale of depression had to be less than or equal to 7 points in order to rule out depression.8Cognitive evaluation was carried out with the follow-ing tests: the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB)11,12, digit span forward and backward and the Frontal Assess-ment Battery (FAB).13,14 The BCSB includes a memory test of 10 simple figures and yields different scores, namely: incidental and immediate memory, learning, delayed recall and recognition.15,16 The battery also includes a category fluency test (animals per minute) and clock drawing and has proven very sensitive in the diagnosis of mild AD.12 The FAB is a brief diagnostic instrument for the assessment of executive functions in patients with suspected frontal lobe syndrome.13All individuals were given a structured self-report memory questionnaire, the MAC-Q.17 This questionnaire was devised to assess age-related memory decline. It is composed by six questions related to memory function-ing in everyday situations (e.g., to remember a telephone number that he/she uses at least once a week) in which the subject is asked to compare and rate his/her current ability to when he/she was 40 years’ old. The total score on the MAC-Q ranges from 7 to 35, where greater scores in- dicate subjective memory loss. Scores greater than or equal to 25 have been found to be suggestive of age-associated memory impairment. Accordingly, in the present study, the individuals were divided into two groups: absence of SMCs (MAC-Q scores <25) and presence of SMCs (MAC-Q scores ≥25). The performance of the two groups on the different cognitive tests was compared.One of the authors administered the MMSE, the Cor-nell scale and the MAC-Q. Subsequently, the other inves-tigator, blinded to the subjects’ results for these three mea-sures, administered the cognitive evaluation.Descriptive analysis of the data and statistical compari-sons between the performances of the two groups on the different cognitive tests were carried out with MedCalc software. Student’s t-test was used for comparison of age, educational level and MMSE scores, as well as for the results of the other cognitive tests (digit span, BCSB and FAB). Chi-square was employed for comparing gender distribu-tion of the two groups. Level of significance was set at 0.05. The study was approved by the Research Ethics ... Sessentaidosossemcompro-metimentocognitivo(39mulherese21homens),comidadede69,96,3anosecomescolaridadede8,55,5anos,foramincluớdosnoestudo.TodosforamsubmetidosaoMini-ExamedoEstadoMental(MEEM)eEscaladeDepressóodeCornellparaexclusóo,respectivamente,decomprometimentocognitivoglobalededepressóo.TambộmresponderamaoMAC-Q,questionỏrioelaboradoparaavaliaraimpressóosubjetivadofuncionamentodamemúria.Posteriormente,elesforamsubmetidosaostestesextensóodedớgitosemordemdiretaeinversa,BateriaBrevedeRastreioCognitivoeBateriadeAvaliaỗóoFrontal.Resultados:...
... looksmainly to cases decided in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada in order to show that law provides a moral resource that can inform a rule -of- law project capable of responding to situations ... theReports and found that he was right in every particular, and a page and a half of that judgment is really in that way the work of General Smuts ratherthan myself.15Foxton continues that Shaw was ... crux of the caseinamoment,andinformedmethatthesamepointhadbeensettled ina case decided in the Privy Council on an appeal from Pondoland.I asked the date, and he gave me the date within six months....
... But my argument is in part based in the fact that the kinds of claims that are made about states of emergency occur also in quite ordinary situations, for example, claimsthat the rule of law does ... is about law or legal order,including international legal order, not just about the values inherent in the law ofa particular legal order orfamilyof legal orders. Moreover, Iwantto claim that ... differfrom each other, sometimes quite dramatically, in the way they arrangethe institutions that are principally involved in bringing the principles of the rule of law to realization. In fact, the...
... agudeza visual, grado de dificultad para caminar 300 metros, incapacidad pararealizar las actividades cotidianas debido a problemas de salud en las 2 semanas pre-vias y seropositividad a Trypanosoma ... esa relación se mantienedurante la edad avanzada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar la asociación entrela situación socioeconómica y la salud en adultos mayores de una peque a localidadde ... with a lower family in- come mentioned having more difficul-ties in paying for a medical visit, in making a medical appointment be-cause of existing lines, and in obtainingmedicines because of...
... answering the phone at state and local of ces. Include accurate information on what happened and what is being done. Pro-vide information about how the state and local associations are involved. ... through daily meetings and phone calls. Involve staff in planning special events, memorials and back-to-school activities. Make mental health services available, including Employee Assistance ... staff, first responders and community agencies.Take care of staff.Set up a staff meeting as soon as practical to talk with staff and express support and caring. Practice active listening, allowing...
... lookedless attractive from an ex-ante standpoint. Interpreting such behavior at the level of an indi-vidual bank or institution may perhaps suggest a behavioral ineffic iency on part of the loanofficers: ... inter-bank linkages in contagion.169.3 Herding Linked to Manager ial ReputationScharfstein and Stein (1990), Rajan (1994) modeled herding behavior based on managerialconcerns for reputation.17Scharfstein ... theplanner charged with maximizing the value of banking sector in the economy, specifically thesum of the values of bank equity values and deposits. Thus, taking financial intermediationas given,...
... effort has already been invested in mathematicalmodelling of the glycolytic pathway in yeast [3–8] and in other organisms, such as Trypanosoma brucei, the parasitethat causes sleeping sickness ... evolutionary effort requiredto develop and maintain this set of biological checks andbalances is intuitively indicative of some importance tomaintaining consistent rates of glucose transport, ... metaboliteconcentration and flux are obtained from populations of yeast cells and so reflect an aggregate of the states of manyindividual organisms. Although no fitted model in thispaper individually...
... females divided into four ageclasses) from the town of Catania (Table I).Health state of our study series was evaluatedby anamnesis, clinical examination and com-mon laboratory methods. We ... divided into age classes in order to assess aging induced changes.Patients and MethodsWe evaluated the lipid profile in an elderlyinstitutionalized population of 80 subjects (20males and 60 females ... treatment dueto insomnia, anxiety, articular pain and gas-trointestinal diseases, were excluded from thestudy, because of influences of various drugson lipidic profile.The causes of institutionalization...