... virtue ofthe language in which they produce their databases 2.1 Eliminate the differences in thelegal protection of authors of databases Prior to the adoption ofthe Directive, national laws ... diverging levels of “originality” In particular, the UK and Ireland would be allowed to revert to the “sweat ofthe brow” copyright test and Sweden, Denmark and Finland (and Norway and Iceland) would ... protect these often considerable investments Therefore, in order to protect the selection or arrangement ofthe contents of a database which did not meet the standard of being “original”, the Commission...
... capital markets, the focus of their M&A regimes is to protect the interests of shareholders andtheorderand efficiency of capital markets; in most developing countries, on the other hand, host governments ... be noted that the transnational nature of these transactions are determined by the locations ofthe companies involved andthe company laws applying to these companies 15 Ibid, andthe similar ... until the participating parties to a transaction has established the substantive relationship between them 20 a The Shareholders andthe Board of Directors ofthe Buyer The authorities ofthe shareholders...
... to be andthe laws sometimes were broken The ineffectiveness ofthe implementing oflawandthe repetitive nature of laws indicate that the scared status ofthe laws, and correspondingly, the authority ... Coronation Ritual, the Oath-Taking Ceremony, the Royal Procession on land and by boat, the drinking ofthe Water of Allegiance, andthe Ceremony ofthe Viewing ofthe Troops andthe Royal Elephant ... influenced the authority and role of kingship in the region, the genesis of law, andthe creation oflegal texts At the same time, the Three Seals Code was also clearly part ofthe broader process of...
... Territorial lawandthe rise ofthe state 6.1 The birth ofthe state 6.2 Legal diversity and universality in the emerging European states 6.3 The decline ofthe Christian commonwealth 6.4 The arrival of ... will be used in the balance ofthe book to explore the patterns oflawand authority in the millennium ofthe Western legal tradition 1.6 Key issues in globalisation andlegal theory Although ... humanity, with the spread ofthe Gregorian calendar andthe heliocentric idea ofthe world The ‘incipient phase’ began in the mid-eighteenth century and ended in the 1870s The concept ofthe unitary...
... overlook the essential kinship, not ofthe Roman andthe English law, but rather ofthe Roman andthe English lawyer’;60 andthe similar constitutional development of European kingdoms61 andthe common ... aware of other regimes, and they were often the subject of appeal for law (responsa) by ‘daughter’ towns ‘[O]ne ofthe greatest ofthe tribal laws’ or ‘mirrors’, premissed in the authority of Christian ... the History oftheLawof Nations (Leiden: A W Sijthoff, 1991), pp 110–12 143 Territorial lawandthe rise ofthe state formulated in the naturalist theories of authors such as Grotius, and legal...
... or the economic well-being ofthe country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health of morals, or for the protection ofthe rights and freedoms of others Finally, the ... courts oflaw are the guarantors of justice and have a fundamental role to play in a state governed by the rule oflaw In the absence of a valid legal basis, the issuing of blocking orders and decisions ... contradictory to the conclusions ofthe Final Document ofthe Moscow Meeting ofthe Conference on the Human Dimension ofthe CSCE and in breach of Article 19 ofthe International Covenant on Civil and Political...
... parties to learn their perceptions ofthe effects of e-discovery on thelegal system Second, we reviewed the current state of e-discovery lawand practices, including the main features ofthe new Federal ... legislators, and academics The multiyear process to amend the federal rules, the ongoing activities ofthe Sedona Conference, the ABA, the Conference of Chief Judges, and other organizations, andthe ... response, the judge shifted the burden of proof by ruling that Morgan Stanley “shall bear the burden of proving to the jury, by the greater weight ofthe evidence, that it lacked knowledge ofthe ...
... to thelawof bills and notes The judges ofthe English common law courts did not borrow the rules ofthelawof bills from sources external to the common law system Rather, the English lawof ... WADDAMS The early history ofthelawof bills and notes A study ofthe origins of Anglo-American commercial law JAMES STEVEN ROGERS THE EARLY HISTORY OFTHELAWOF BILLS AND NOTES A STUDY OFTHE ... bills and notes in the struggle between thelaw merchant andthe common law Bills of exchange seem to present the clearest case of a conflict between the rules ofthelaw merchant and those of the...
... territory of like extent in the Old World or the New Of these manifold blessings the temperature ofthe air, the distribution ofthe rains, the disposition of land and water, the plenty ofthe sea, ... celebrated for the profusion and variety of their spontaneous and their cultivated products, and for the wealth and social advancement of their inhabitants—is either deserted by civilized man and surrendered ... prose in the preface: The object ofthe present volume is: to indicate the character and, approximately, the extent ofthe changes produced by human action in the physical conditions ofthe globe...
... into the group The faceless nature of online interactions may not always allow for this course of action Finally, there is the nature ofthe consent form andthe validity ofthe process In the ... understanding ofthe issue and then expands this understanding to include the psychological perspective ofthe participants In a paper on proposed ethical guidelines for the reporting of results ... between the public and private domains based not on the accessibility ofthe data, but on the psychological perception ofthe subjects with regard to the information The technological point of view...
... standard, the Vermont courts, too, look to three factors: the significance ofthe benefits and protections ofthe challenged law; whether the omission of some members ofthe community from the benefits and ... member of this state shall be disfranchised or deprived of any ofthe rights or privileges secured to any citizen thereof, unless by thelawofthe land or the judgment Equality and Liberty in the ... protect the right of privacy These constitutional amendments and others protecting individual rights, enacted, as they are, by the citizens of a state, manifest the voice ofthe people and thereby...
... mechanisms, the role of public and private law in the protection of health and, finally, thelegal framework ofthe provision of health services Several weaknesses in law as a tool for the protection of ... direction of public health law Understandings of health have changed, and are continuing to change These changes are challenging the prioritising ofthe role of medicine in the xli Lawandthe Public ... as the influence of culture, the restraints of religion, politics and economics, the relevance of socio-economic status and gender, the role ofthe media in determining perceptions of health, and...
... affect the daily lives of all Californians – from the quality of our public schools to the roads we drive on andthe air we breathe Many ofthe decisions made as part of budget deliberations ... spending, and a structural imbalance between the cost of programs and services andthe revenues raised by the state’s tax system The budget agreement included $41.6 billion in “solutions” to close the ... of corporate profits If corporations had paid the same share of their profits in taxes in 2006 as they did in 1981, corporate tax collections would have been $8.4 billion higher – The yield of...
... sacrosanct In the case of FGC in Africa, understanding the function and importance ofthe practice in the ways of life of people in Senegal and elsewhere, andthe processes by which the practice ... communities the opportunity to re-examine the meaning they have attributed to normative concepts, the fairness of standards, andthe impartiality of processes and structures in order to determine whether ... celebration ofthe day Conversely, laws in Canada andthe United States which criminalize polygamy seriously jeopardize the religious way of life of members of FLDS Similarly, the claim ofthe Sto:lo...
... examination ofthe whole ofthe Covenant Code in connection with the Laws of Hammurabi and other sources The thesis cannot be defended andthe evidence cannot be understood and evaluated otherwise ... until the redaction ofthe bodies of law, are not convincing The similarities are so specific that familiarity on the part ofthe writers ofthe covenant book with thelegal traditions ofthe ancient ... end ofthe collection and to emphasize the final topic of festivals and cult (23:14–19) The placement of sections of apodictic law around the casuistic laws of 21:2–22:19 was done in imitation of...
... be paid their normal wage The amount of time off depends on the size ofthe enterprise andthe agreement reached between the employer andthe Executive Committee ofthe trade union ofthe enterprise ... from the following resources: a) The contribution of employers at the rate of 15 per cent ofthe total wages fund ofthe enterprise; b) The contribution of employees at the rate of per cent of their ... separation ofthe enterprise, of a transfer of ownership, ofthe right to management, or to the use of property ofthe enterprise, the new employer andthe Executive Committee ofthe trade union...
... features and border; (ii) the legality which specifies the rights andlegal benefits attaching to it; (iii) the value which shows the profitability ofthe land; and (iv) the use which shows the way ... procedures for the issue of different kinds of land use right certificate; the late implementation ofthe law; andthe changes in and lack of cadastral files As a result, the legality of many land parcels/units ... implementation of land use planning The responsibility ofthe People’s Committee ofthe commune or ward must be strengthened in the treatment of all breaches of land law especially the illegal building of...
... Analysis ofthe structure and contents ofthe part of Genetics (Biology 12) The analysis of contents and structure ofthe part of Genetics indicated that characteristics ofthe part of Genetics ... groups and classes andthe general groups and classes Average values and arithmetic mean offsets ofthe experimental groups and classes compared with those ofthe general groups and classes ofthe ... From the results of theoretical and practical study on the design and use ofthe concept maps in teaching the part of genetics of biology of grade 12, we can draw the following conclusions: The...
... ’s ofthe form {x, z} and {y, w} or, ofthe form {x, w} and {y, z} But this contradicts our assumption that the two element Av ’s are never disjoint This completes the proof in case (1b) and ... one edge The sum ofthe degrees (in G) ofthe vertices of A is since the single vertex of degree is not in A Since A has at most one edge, there are at least = − edges between N (v) and A Hence ... All graphs are either regular or almost regular The vertices are numbered 0, 1, , n − andthe i-th row represents the neighbors ofthe vertex in the first entry of that row These graphs were...