journal of economic perspectives american economic association

... class of methods being discussed; • the essential features of the proposed method; • the range of application of the proposed method; and • in the case of statistical procedures, some of its ... of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; John Smith, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Chicago. John Smith is now at Department of Psychology, University of ... contain a description of who delivered the intervention, including their level of professional training and their level of training in the specific intervention. Present the number of deliverers along...

... example, instead of describing participants as Asian American or Hispanic American, it may be helpful to describe them by their nation or region of origin (e.g., Chinese Americans, Mexican Americans). ... abreast of the literature but is not familiar with jargon or insider perspectives. What would facilitate his or her understanding of and appreciation for the importance of your work? 3.08 Economy of ... of how order of presentation of social groups can imply that the first-mentioned group is the norm or standard and that later mentioned groups are THE MECHANICS OF STYLE A Stereotaxic Atlas of...

... popularity. Today a wide literature can be found and known journals like the American Economic Review” and “Quarterly Journal of Economics” publish articles on social capital. It was in the ... times of economic recession. The coefficient on the investment share of GDP is positive and highly significant, which is not surprising since investment is an important stimulator of economic ... of social trust on economic performance In addition to the direct influence of social trust on economic growth elaborated above, social trust might have a positive effect on the quality of...

... power of those Latin American households in the middle of the income distribution, explains at least part of the Latin American resilience. Because of their capacity to change the region’s economic ... vulnerable segments of society. In this context, the middle sectors have the potential to become an agent of change in the region. LATIN AMERICAN ECONOMIC OUTLOOK 2011 © OECD 2010  MACROECONOMIC OVERVIEW Prudence ... Development Centre December 2010  LATIN AMERICAN ECONOMIC OUTLOOK 2011 © OECD 2010 LATIN AMERICAN ECONOMIC OUTLOOK 2011 © OECD 2010 MACROECONOMIC OVERVIEW   (per...

... of the mem- bers of the Commission who were accorded the honor of this public service. We also beneted immensely from the perspectives shared with commissioners by thou- sands of concerned Americans ... specic conclusions at the end of chapters in Parts III, IV, and V of this report. The subject of this report is of no small consequence to this nation. The profound events of  and  were neither ... and explain its causes to the American people. We are keenly aware of the signicance of our charge, given the economic damage that America has suffered in the wake of the greatest nancial cri- sis...

... saved. Next>> Report of the AAA/AAPLG Ad Hoc Committee to Assess the Supply and Demand for Accounting Ph.D.s 24 TABLE 14 Ph.D. Student Age Students of North Students of Non-North Years of Age American Origin American ... motivations. The final report was delivered to the American Accounting Association in December 2005. As part of the analysis, a taxonomy consisting of three types of schools was developed: • Ph.D. Schools ... Estimates of the Number of Current Ph.D. Students in Various Teaching Specialties Extrapolated to the Population of Schools with Ph.D. Programs Estimated Number of Sample Responses of Ph.D.s...

... Effects of Levels of and Growth in Years of Schooling To provide a basic representation of the association between years of schooling and economic growth on the most recent version of available ... interpretation of the alternative approaches within a number of these studies can be found in Glewwe (2002). 20 3. Quantity of Schooling and Economic Growth Given the microeconomic evidence of the ... Added-variable Plot of Growth and Years of Schooling without Test-score Controls Notes: Added-variable plot of a regression of the average annual rate of growth (in percent) of real GDP per capita...

... 2002) Professor Robert Brown, Assistant Principal (Research & Enterprise), UWIC Professor Noel Lloyd, Registrar, University of Wales, Aberystwyth Roger Carter, Head of Economic Development, ... 1,098,140 University of Wales, Lampeter 36,468 21,912 20,301 20,207 University of Wales Swansea 397,768 460,124 426,398 454,881 University of Wales College of Medicine 307,379 304,865 ... funds linked to the appointment of commercial managers at selected Centres of Expertise between 1999 and 2002. (The Centres of Expertise were established as part of a joint project with the...

... the public accounting profession which was developed jointly by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA). ... party, arising out of a relationship to one of the parties. Profit Sharing Plan - DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLAN characterized by the setting aside of a portion of an entity's profits in participant's ... Overhead‐‐acostthatdoesnotvarywiththelevel of productionorsales,andusuallyacost notdirectlyinvolvedwithproductionorsales.Thechiefexecutive'ssalaryandrentare typicallyoverhead.  Post‐‐toenterabusinesstransactionintoa journal orledgerorotherfinancialrecord. Prepaidexpenses,deferredcharges‐‐assetsalreadypaidfor,thatarebeinguseduporwill expire.Insurancepaidforinadvanceisacommonexample.Theinsuranceprotectionisan asset.Itispaidforinadvance,itlastsforaperiod of time,andexpiresonafixeddate.  Presentvalue‐‐aconceptthatcomparesthevalue of moneyavailableinthefuturewiththe value of moneyinhandtoday.Forexample,$78.35investedtodayina5%savingsaccount willgrowto$100infiveyears.Thusthepresentvalue of $100receivedinfiveyearsis $78.35. Theconcept of presentvalueisusedtoanalyzeinvestmentopportunitiesthathavea futurepayoff.  Price‐earnings(p/e)ratio‐‐themarketprice of ashare of stockdividedbytheearnings (profit)pershare.P/eratioscanvaryfromskyhightodismallylow,butoftendonotreflect thetruevalue of acompany.  Profit‐‐theamountleftoverwhenexpensesaresubtractedrevenues.Grossprofitisthe profitleftwhencost of salesissubtractedfromsales,beforeanyoperatingexpensesare subtracted.Operatingprofitistheprofitfromtheprimaryoperations of abusinessandis salesminuscost of salesminusoperating expenses.Netprofitbeforetaxesisoperatingprofit minusnon‐operatingexpensesandplusnon‐operatingincome.Netprofitaftertaxesisthe bottomline,aftereverythinghasbeensubtracted.Alsocalledincome,netincome,earnings. Notthesameascashflowanddoesnotrepresentspendabledollars.  Retainedearnings‐‐profitsnotdistributedtoshareholdersasdividends,theaccumulation of acompany'sprofitslessanydividendspaidout.Retainedearningsarenotspendablecash.  Returnoninvestment(ROI)‐‐ameasure of theeffectivenessandefficiencywithwhich managersusetheresourcesavailabletothem,expressedasapercentage.Returnonequityis usuallynetprofitaftertaxesdividedbytheshareholders'equity.Returnoninvestedcapitalis usuallynetprofitaftertaxesplusinterestpaid onlong‐termdebtdividedbytheequityplus thelong‐termdebt.Returnonassetsusedisusuallytheoperatingprofitdividedbytheassets usedtoproducetheprofit.Typicallyusedtoevaluatedivisionsorsubsidiaries.ROIisvery usefulbutcanonlybeusedtocompareconsistent entities‐‐similarcompaniesinthesame industryorthesamecompanyoveraperiod of time.Differentcompaniesanddifferent industrieshavedifferentROIs.  Revenue‐‐theamountsreceivedbyordueacompanyforgoodsorservicesitprovidesto customers.Receiptsarecashrevenues.Revenuescanalsoberepresentedbyaccounts receivable.  Risk‐‐thepossibility of loss;inherentinallbusinessactivities.Highriskrequireshighreturn. Allbusinessdecisionsmustconsidertheamount of riskinvolved.  Sales‐‐amountsreceivedordueforgoodsorservicessoldtocustomers.Grosssalesare totalsalesbeforeanyreturnsoradjustments.Netsalesareafteraccountingforreturnsand adjustments.  14...

... “Vertical separation”, Journal of Industrial Economics, 36 (1988): 257-265. 14 Rey, P. and J. Stiglitz, “The role of exclusive territories in producer’s competition”, Rand Journal of Economics, 26 (1995): ... would generally place the burden of proof of the efficiency effects of any restraints of internet retailing on the manufacturers (regardless of the market share of the manufacturer). Such a policy ... all of those cases the burden of proof of the anticompetitive effects should be placed on the antitrust authority. 3 This logic powerfully applies to the case of selective distribution of luxury...

... Finance.” Journal of Economic Perspectives. 4:2, pp. 19–33. Uzzi, Brian. 1996. “The Sources and Conse- quences of Embeddedness for the Economic Performance of Organizations: The Network Ef- fect.” American ... analysis of both the economics and the sociology of the situation. The theoretical issue is often not one of economic and sociological arguments conflicting, but rather of the weakness of both ... by Rauch and Casella, eds.” Journal of Eco- nomic Literature. 41:2, pp. 545–65. 50 Journal of Economic Perspectives the floor was significantly larger than the number of trading relationships individ- uals...

... The Role of Higher Education in Economic Development Page 6 of 12 Identifying Needs of Business and Industry Higher education connects workforce development to the economic development of the ... expand access to education The Role of Higher Education in Economic Development Page 3 of 12 Introduction The role of higher education as a major driver of economic development is well established, ... (Sampson, 2003; 2004). The focus of this report is the role of higher education in the economic development of Illinois’ Rock River Region. A brief summary of economic development issues in this...

... Capital Accumulation, and Growth. Journal of Monetary Economics, No. 37, 1996, pp. 49-71 8. De Gregorio J. Economic Growth in Latin America. Journal of Development Economics, No. 39(1), 1992, pp. ... Fable of the Bees; or Private vices public benefits. London, J.Tonson, 1732 23. Mankiw N.G., Romer D. and Weil D.N. A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, No. ... to the Theory of Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, No. 70, 1956, pp. 65-94 33. Temple J. Generalizations that Aren’t? Evidence on Education and Growth. European Economic Review,...

... ployment, the level of real national income, the real quantity of money, the rate of growth of real national income, or the rate of growth of the real quantity of money. II. What ... A Survey of Contemporary Economics, edited by Howard Ellis and published in 1948, was an "official" attempt to codify the state of economic thought of the time. ... ordinance of avoiding wide swings. It is a matter of record that periods of relative stability in the rate of monetary growth have also been periods of relative stability in economic...

... PM2/5/08 1:20:54 PM Economic Report of the President | 3 ECONOMIC REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT To the Congress of the United States: Over the past 6 years of economic expansion, the American economy ... of Economic Advisers, Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis) and Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics). Box 1-3: Aging and the Pattern of Labor Force Participation The ... REPORT of the COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 2008 Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail Stop: IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001 40 | Economic Report of the...