... business cycles inthe five Asian crisis countries are highly synchronized and follow business cycles in Japan, while they differ from cycles in Australia and New Zealand. On the other hand, ... that has net capital inflows inthe post-crisis period. Therefore, considering that capital flows have been generating similar boom-bust cycles inthe crisis countries, business cycles in Korea ... that the effects of CAP shocks on CUR and RGDP are invariant to the ordering between CUR and RGDP. On the other hand, capitalflows might affect CUR and RGDP within a quarter, andthe CUR and...
... banks indeed increase their exposure to credit risk by boosting the increase in risk-weighted assets in an upturn, they fail to boost the increase incapital correspondingly. In a business cycle ... decreases in a business cycle upturn and increases in a business cycle downturn. For cooperative banks with high capital buffers, the increase incapital buffers increases both in a business cycle ... respect to the questions whether changes inthecapital buffer over the business cycle simply reflect changes in loan demand. The finding that banks with low capital buffers increase their capital...
... set up. Finally, at the beginning of October 1996, the quantity of resin in each cylinder wasdoubled by adding a second bag containing the corresponding resintype, in order to assess the efficiency ... were greater in the incubated soils than inthe undisturbed soils, before and after the harvest.Before the harvest, nitrate was the dominant form of mineralN inthe incubated (75%) and undisturbed ... higher during the “winter” period. Leaching of N was still 60 kg·ha–1·yr–1 higher in the cylinders. The relationships between leaching of NO3-N(or NH4-N) inthe undisturbed andthe incubated...
... authoritative inthe Middle Ages called theirauthority into question. When combined with the propaganda poten-tial of the printing press to disseminate such findings, printing becamea major force behind ... ofbooks, including one on the concept of Fatherland inthe Netherlandsfrom early modern times till World War II and one on Dutch lieux-de-m´emoire.Introduction (as developed by Gutenberg inthe ... flood of supportive information and suppressing contrary stories and externally by feeding information totheir vassal papers in Avignon and London.Furthermore, inthe s,they launched a...
... in terms of MiCA and MaCA in details. Therefore, within this study, the author focuses on analyzing and contrasting them in terms of MiCA (concerning grammatical and semantic features of the ... morphological features. Furthermore, ‘run’ and ‘chạy’ coincide in their general meanings and meanings in some idioms. Interestingly, ‘run’ is richer in meanings, consequently richer in synonyms than ... meanings, their idioms, their synonyms and other microlinguistic factors that effect the uses of the two verbs. The findings of the study on the ground of general meanings may help the translators...
... justified their answer by the assertion that most U.S. investment firms trading internationally have established their own international links, thereby eliminating the need for costly intermediaries. ... interpret. ? Transaction costs: These are the costs incurred in placing the order and securing the certificates. Because of theinternational dimension of the investment, these costs can be higher ... constraining internationalcapitalflowsand its subsequent weight in determining the OIP. Findings Table 4 shows respondents evaluation of the seven macro barriers of level two of the hierarchy...
... at random. Then the data areanalyzed and systematized to work out a fresh insight into the meanings expressed by can,may, must and their equivalents in Vietnamese.5. Design of the study The ... problems in understanding the texts, and especially in interpreting the writer’s opinion and attitude expressed by such typical modals as can, may, must. Withall these reasons, I made up my mind ... by the subject of the sentence by the speaker (or by some other agents). Inthe epistemic world, the must inthe samesentence could be read as a logical necessity according to the reasoning...
... both inthe mode l andinthe data. Mo reove r, price ratios are disproportionately lo werfor short-term debt when short spreads are high both inthe model andinthe data.17 The distinct dynam ... time-varying differences i n the prices, and inthe liquidity and insurance benefits o f these two assets, which rationalize the mo vements in s pread curv es and maturity composition observed in t ... vc(bS,bL,y) is the value associa ted with not defaulting and sta yin g inthe contra ct and vd(y) is the value associated with default.Since we assume that default costs are incurred w henever the borro...
... between the rural sector and immigrants. Created to maintain links with and support communities of origin, HTAs are increasingly taking advantage of the upsurge in migrant remittances andthe need ... entering the banking system and maintaining accounts. Greek migration during the 1960s to North America and Western Europe—more specifically, to the Germany and United States—resulted in increased ... between the income share of the lowest 20 per cent and highest 20 per cent income brackets. This income difference signals the extent of the gap between the rich andthe poor, the larger the gap the...
... the loans were in nonrepayment in 1997, andthe picture did not improvemuch during the succeeding two years. The second problem in assessing the successes and failures of the IMF concerns the ... it was pursuing other objectives, then perhaps the failure in stabilizing East Asia was not a failure inthe eyes of the organization. And indeed, the IMF claimed that there were other objectives. ... facilitating the opening of capital markets may be in the interest of certain financial circles inthe developed countries,because it enhances their business opportunities. The problems posed by the...
... Mg2+binding to the zinc binding sites (M2 and M1).It appears that in contrast to the binding of Zn2+to the second M3 site, Mg2+binding inthe range of Mg2+concentrations examined (if it binds ... cooperative inter-actions have been detected during metal-ion binding,positive for the binding of Zn2+to the M1 site, and negative for the binding of the activating cations to the M3site ... concentration reduces the enzymaticactivity indicating that binding of the last Zn2+ion,probably to the second M3 site, cannot supplement the role of magnesium inthe kinetic mechanism. Inthe presenceof...
... tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the glyoxylate cycle by examining t he individual phylogeniesof the 21 s ubunits comprising the 14 enzymes of thesepathways as they occur in eukaryotes, speci®cally in higherplants.MATERIALS ... phagocytosing lineage, and that, during the course of eating prokaryotes to survive, they ended upincorporating many genes from their food prokaryotes intotheir chromosomal genes, and that this ... iron-responsive element-binding protein (IRE-BP), which bindsto mRNA of ferritin andthe transferrin receptor and thusparticipates in regulating iron me tabolism in a nimals[49,50]. The latter activity...