... INFRASTRUCTURE TOPROTECT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE UNITED STATESTo protect the rightsand interests of “owners” of intellectual property, including computer software programs and applications, ... consumers, and so forth. A limited property right and the exclusivity that it engenders,however, provides the incentive for both the invention and commercialization. IntellectualPropertyRights ... And some claim that the impending“enclosure movement” of intellectual objects will stifle creativity and even Section IOverview Intellectual Property Rights in aNetworked World:Theory and...
... standpoint, intellectualpropertyrights specify the ownershipprivileges for intellectual objects. Normative approaches to intellectual prop-erty (IP) are focused on the justification of intellectual ... intellectualproperty rights. Whatis the moral ground for giving an author or publisher a “right” to possess and control an intellectual object? Is the genesis of intellectualpropertyrights to ... company’s major resources are its intellectual assets, hasundoubtedly moved the topic of intellectualproperty into sharp focus for de-cades to come. The notion of intellectualproperty rights, opposed...
... toTRIPS, and yet, intellectual property rights are still boundby territoriality and nationallaws.26Howthen,moreprecisely,doesglobalizationrelate toauthorship and intellectual property? JamesBoylesuggeststhat intellectual prop-ertybearsthesamerelationshipto ... contexts.Toalargeextent,thehistoryofinternational intellectual property rights is one ofexpansion-intermsofsubjectmatter,interms ofgeo-politicalreach, and interms of thelengthfor whichthemonopolyofin-tellectual property rights isaccorded,somethingwhich ... deFrance,siteFrancoisMitterand/Tolbiac, and the UNESCOlibraryinParis;theRoyal LibraryinCopenhagen; and theStockholmUniversity Library and theRoyalLibraryin Stockholm.However,it was theimpressiveresourcesat...
... economic and scientific rationales for the use of a property rights- based approach tobiodiversity conservation. It discusses the justification for, and implemen-tation of, intellectualpropertyrights ... project on intellectualpropertyrights and biodiversity conservation sponsored by the Centre for Social and EconomicResearch on the Global Environment, directed by Professors David Pearce and Kerry ... production, intellectualpropertyrightsand biodiversityconservation, each from the perspective of his or her own field of specialisation(botany, ethnobotany, chemistry, economics, law and policy).Part...
... INTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTS BY LICENSING24 Contents1WHAT IS LICENSING? 1Introduction 2What can be licensed? 4 Intellectual propertyand associated rights 5Types of intellectualproperty 6Forms and ... ‘industrial property replaced by intellectualpropertyand itsapplication to a variety of rights such as trade marks and goodwill, which concernreputation, copyright, designs, patents and confidential ... business.Forms and protection of intellectualproperty rights Patent rights One of the major subjects of licensing is that of patent rightsand a brief analysisof their properties and how legal protection...
... your bandwidth usage is, on average? ãDo you know who is using your bandwidth?ãDo you know how your bandwidth is being used? How much bandwidth isused for email, as compared to web trafc and ... checklistUnderstand your policy environmentUnderstand your organisation's requirements for policy formulation and fol-low themReview existing policyUnderstand the wider legal ... from the beginning.ãBandwidth refers to a measure of frequency ranges, typically used for digitalcommunications. The "band" part of broadband is short for bandwidth,meaning that...
... 41 Siegel 1999: 124 Open Sourceand Viral Marketing The viral marketing concept as a model for opensource software to reach the critical mass for global brand awareness based on the ... companies starting up in business. Businesses soon recognized the value and advantages of OpenSource Systems and the low cost, speed and efficiency of e-commerce transaction via the Internet. Viral ... mouse propaganda reaches thousands of potential customers in a very short time, endangering corporate image and the success of a marketing campaign.81 Studies by WARLAND, HERMANN and WILLITS...
... beauties” (Albania and Romania, and lately the Czech and Slovak Republics) seem to have woken up, while in “late risers” (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, and Lithuania), real ... of domestic and external sources of liquidity. Source: Johnston and Otker-Robe (1999), Delgado and others (2000). - 32 - Since administrative measures are distortionary and entail ... financial and economic crisis. 3 See, for example, International Monetary Fund (2004a) and Gourinchas, Valdes, and Landerretche (2001). 4 See Bernanke and Gertler (1995), Bernanke, Gertler and...
... in Mainland China and Taiwan Province of China and subsequently spread to the Philippines, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Thailand, Malaysia and India. These introductions, their advantages and disadvantages ... growth rate and disease resistance) and domestication programmes. This feature permits much more control and enhancement of the cultured stock and allows the development of SPF and SPR stocks, ... (where the environment and the blood are isosmotic) (Wyban and Sweeny, 1991). This ability makes it a good candidate for the newer inland farms that have become common in Asia and Latin America...
... account the specific needs and demands of sexual and reproductive health of adolescents and young people, considering the diversity of sexual orientation and identity, and establishing suitable ... governments have previously made related to human rights, HIV and AIDS, sexual and reproductive health and the wellbeing of children, adolescents and youth. (see Annex A).1.6 Recognize the decisive ... community and families, including adolescents and youth, in order to recognize their needs and aspirations regarding sexual and reproductive health, as well as HIV/STI prevention, and to encourage...
... separation and quantification of sulfadoxine (SDO), sulfaguanidine (SGU), sulfamethoxypyridine (SMP) and sulfamethoxazone (SMX) in animal foodstuffs (for fish, shrimp, chicken and pig) and food ... LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY PART 2. SEPARATION AND QUANTIFICATION SULFAGUANIDINE, SULFAMETHOXYPYRIDINE, SULFADOXINE AND SULFAMETHOXAZONE IN ANIMAL FOODSTUFFS AND FOOD PRODUCTS Use of an RP-C18 analytical ... solid-phase extraction and capillary electrophoresis, Analytica Chimica Acta 499 (2003) 215-221. 4. Leo M. N. - Nollet Food analysis hy HPLC, Second edition Revired and Expanded, Marcel Dckker...
... phenomena and complete absence of pH and organic phosphate effects,while in HbIV, oxygen affinity and cooperativity depend onpH and organic phosphates (Root effect). In air (pO2ẳ155 mmHg) and at ... 437 nm for the R-form, and at 433 nm for the T-form [24].The near-UV and visible CD spectral features are verysimilar in HbIV and in human HbA. However, the CDSoret band of human deoxy-HbA ... ligandaffinity) in a fish hemoglobin, exhibiting the Root effect[1,2,34].Comparison between iron(II)-HbIV and met-HbIV atpH 7.8 in the regions of the L-band (about 260 nm), 280–290 nm and...
... ciency of CO2 Capture and Sequestration 26115.7 Carbon Tax and Cap -and- Trade 26115.8 Concluding Remarks 262References 262 16 Sense and Nonsense of Green Chemistry and Biofuels 26516.1 Introduction ... stan-dard pressure and to reactants and products in their pure state or otherwise de ned standard states such as in nitely dilute solutions.Finally, we present the rst law for open systems as ... steady-state ow. 54 Ef ciency and Sustainability in the Energy and Chemical Industriesthus, providing a complete insight into all sources of dissipation and their relative contributions.Note:...