... features of an operating system are and what an
operating system does for the user. We include coverage of both traditional
PC and server operating systems, as well as operatingsystemsfor mobile
devices. ... of
operating systems is how they vary in accomplishing these tasks. Mainframe
operating systems are designed primarily to optimize utilization of hardware.
Personal computer (
PC) operatingsystems ... programming
environments:
ã
POSIX. POSIX (which stands for Portable Operating System Interface)repre-
sents a set of standards implemented primarily for
UNIX-based operating
systems. Although Windows systems can also run certain
POSIX...
... What are the main differences between operatingsystemsfor mainframe computers and
personal computers?
Answer: The design goals of operatingsystemsfor those machines are quite different.
PCs are ... problems are easy to solve. Virtual
machines also provide a good platform foroperating system research since many different
operating systems may run on one physical system.
Answers to Exercises 43
a.
b.
Answer: ... an
operating system? Can busy waiting be avoided altogether? Explain your answer.
Answer: No answer.
7.2 Explain why spinlocks are not appropriate for uniprocessor systems yet may be suitable
formultiprocessorsystems.
Answer:...
... and forms. These
tools allow application developers to create forms in an easy declarative fashion, us-
ing form-editor programs. Users can define the type, size, and format of each field in
a form ... values for attributes name or address.
4.14 Give an
SQL schema definition for the employee database of Figure 4.13. Choose
an appropriate domain for each attribute and an appropriate primary key for
each ... product.
5.3.1 Forms and Graphical User Interfaces
Forms interfaces are widely used to enter data into databases, and extract informa-
tion from databases, via predefined queries. For example, World...
... use the
nested format in Figure 10.3. They may also use different names for the same informa-
tion (for instance, acct-number and account-id),ormayevenusethesamenamefor
different information. The ... designed as the transformation language
for a style sheet facility, in other words, to apply formatting information to
Silberschatz−Korth−Sudarshan:
Database System
Concepts, Fourth Edition
III. ...
Database System
Concepts, Fourth Edition
III. Object−Based
Databases and XML
10. XML
388
â The McGrawHill
Companies, 2001
386 Chapter 10 XML
banks may export information in the format in Figure...
... of the form
select A
1
,A
2
, ,A
n
from r
where A
i
= c
then, to process this query, the system will perform a lookup on an ordered index
or a hash structure for attribute A
i
,forvaluec. For queries ... index over a hash structure for this form of query is that the worst-case lookup
time is proportional to the log of the number of values in r for A
i
. By contrast, for
hashing, the worst-case ... the
bitmap for value v
j
is set to 1 if the record numbered i has the value v
j
for attribute
A. All other bits of the bitmap are set to 0.
In our example, there is one bitmap for the value m and one for...
... the operating system may execute one transaction for a little while, then
perform a context switch, execute the second transaction for some time, and then
switch back to the first transaction for ... willing to compromise transaction atomicity. Most current transaction systems
ensure atomicity and, therefore, forbid this form of interaction with users. In Chapter
24, we discuss alternative ... T
i
→ T
j
for which
one of three conditions holds:
1. T
i
executes write(Q)beforeT
j
executes read(Q).
2. T
i
executes read(Q)beforeT
j
executes write(Q).
3. T
i
executes write(Q)beforeT
j
executes...
... operation-end log
record for the operation will not be found when the transaction is rolled back. How-
ever, for every update performed by the operation, undo information—in the form
of the old value ... analytic models
for rollback and recovery strategies in database systems, is another early work in this
area.
SilberschatzKorthSudarshan:
Database System
Concepts, Fourth Edition
V. Transaction ... Systems 691
The bibliographical references provide more information about client–server data-
base systems.
18.3 Parallel Systems
Parallel systems improve processing and I/O speeds by using multiple...
... 4
Chapter 4: OperatingSystems and File Management 11
The Boot Process
4
SECTION
B
Chapter 4: OperatingSystems and File Management 12
Today’s Operating Systems
Today’s Operating Systems
Microsoft ... 4
Chapter 4: OperatingSystems and File Management 19
DOS
Disk Operating System
First operating system that many used
4
Chapter 4: OperatingSystems and File Management 20
Handheld Operating Systems
... 4: OperatingSystems and File Management 24
File Formats
A file format is the way that information is
stored in a file.
Programs that save information to files often
have their own file format.
A...
... formulated based on epidemiological fore-
casts. Effectiveness of the vaccine is determined by how close the vaccine matches
the circulating influenza strains. Therefore, the nurse should inform ... of the potential for a viral illness to
occur despite vaccination, the nurse should provide the patient with instructions for
self-care during a viral illness. This includes information regarding ... flavored
pastilles 4–5x/day for 7–14 days or fluconazole 100 mg/day PO for 7–14 days (Bartlett &
Gallant, 2007). These treatments are easy to administer and are low cost. For refractory
cases,...
... Access
Performance analysis for optimum transmission
and comparison with maximal ratio transmission
for MIMO systems with cochannel interference
Sheng-Chou Lin
Abstract
This article presents the performance ... presence of CCI,
thus increasing the performance of mobile radio systems.
The performance of OC was studied for both nonfading
[1] and fading [2-12] communication systems in the pre-
sence of a single ... compensate for each other which makes the perfor-
mance on BER is symmetric in T and R in the absence of
CCI. For example, the BER for (T, R) = (3,1) or (3, 2) will
be the same as that for (T, R)...