... learnerLanguages:L1 First language L2 Second language TL Target language FL Foreign language Programs: ESL English as a second language EFL English as a foreign language ESOL Englishfor speakers ... speakers of other languagesTESOL Teaching English to speakers of other languagesTESL Teaching English as a second language ESP Englishfor specifi c purposesEAP Englishfor academic purposesMany ... schooling for our children. We conduct applied research and evaluation, and provide technical assis-tance and informational resources to connect research and practice, build knowledge and skills, and...
... relationships between achievement and school and familyvariables,7. to reinforce the call for high academic standards and educationalreform, and 8. to argue for system and school accountability.The ... policies for including and accommodating students withdisabilities; Lynne Sacks and Laura Golden provided similar informationabout states’ policies for English- language learners. Policies for Students ... school districts, and states to set stan-dards and report annual progress for English- languagelearnersand studentswith disabilities [Sec. (c) (VII)]. Rewards and corrective actions for schoolsare...
... Science, Foreign Languages 26 (2010) 171-180 171 A brief comparison of Vietnamese intonation andEnglish intonation and its implications for teaching English intonation to Vietnamese EFL learners ... progressive and systematic training, and from practice andlanguage use. 5. Conclusion This study has compared several intonational features of Vietnamese and those of English, and provided ... Nhung / VNU Journal of Science, Foreign Languages 26 (2010) 171-172 175 3. The English word structure and the English intonation 3.1. English word structure English words can be monosyllabic...
... religions) and struc-tural constraints such as possible date formats for “Birthdate” and “Deathdate”. The rows with sub-script “RH02”in Table 4 shows the performanceof this Ravichandran and Hovy ... transitive and latent models are all stand-alone models, theycan complement each other in combination as theyprovide relatively orthogonal sources of informa-tion. To combine these models, we perform ... acleaner set of gold truth, and is similar to an ap-proach utilizing trained annotators for marking up and extracting the factual information in a stan-dard format. For consistency, only the...
... return a sequence of length one and they areall nonmonotonic, and therefore blocking. Continuouscount and sum are monotonic and nonblocking, and thus suitable for continuous queries.Order! ... pro-gram and its RA equivalent defines the two queries pUq and coalscp, the first on P and Q and the second on Ponly. We will refer to them as the coalesce query and the until query, and observe ... re-lational algebra (RA) and SQL in supportingsequence and stream queries, and present ef-fective query languageand data model enrich-ments to deal with them. We begin by ob- serving the well-known...
... California English Language Development Test (CELDT), and enrolled in transition English lan-guage development and/ or standard language arts classes. (Note: Only 7% ofSAUSD students are in English- only ... writing assessment, language arts GPA, performance on the reading and total language portions of standardized tests, and performance on statewide high-stakes,on-demand reading and writing assessments?Context ... students who are English language learners, Vaughn and Klinger (2004) state,Despite the growth in culturally and linguistically diverse populations, and the obviousneed to understand instructional...
... involvement include program costs for training efforts and committee discussion time and participation costssuch as time for learning and ensuring that participant members can stand behind their ... recognized and distributed standards for detection of their disease to informphysicians of what to look for. These VHAs believe that thelack of this information is a disadvantage for public funding for ... aremost useful in exploring and understanding what and how peoplethink, feel, and behave. While instructive and suggestive for thedevelopment of hypotheses, ideas, strategy, and future research,the...
... purposesof language use: for obtaining and communicatinginformation, for literary response and expression, for learning and reflection, andfor problem solving and application. For Obtaining and CommunicatingInformationNonfiction, ... what, why, and how in Englishlanguage arts learning. Our stan-10 Standards for the EnglishLanguage ArtsFigure 1. An Interactive Model for the EnglishLanguage ArtsStandards grandfather. ... so.2 Standards for the EnglishLanguage ArtsTHE NEED FOR STANDARDSIn defining standards for the Englishlanguage arts,we are motivated by three core beliefs:■ First, we believe that standards...
... between 0.96 and 1.17. Some trained translation probabilities are shown for the unigram and headword models in table 2. The formal language words have captured reason- able English words for their ... niques for modeling clump generation are n-gram language models (Miller et al., 1995; Levin and Pier- accini, 1995; Epstein, 1996), and headword language models (Epstein, 1996). A bigram language ... damental asymmetry between the natural language and the unambiguous formal language. Most no- tably, one formal language word may frequently cor- respond to whole English phrases. We added the "clump",...
... available for a variety of purposes. Introduction 2Section 1 Understanding Englishlanguagelearners 5 English languagelearners (ELLs) in Ontario schools 5Canadian-born Englishlanguagelearners ... Ontario curriculum for Englishlanguagelearners 49Differentiating instruction forEnglishlanguagelearners 49 Program adaptations: Modifications and accommodations 50Describing language behaviours ... can do and are learning to do 51Making languageand content accessible forEnglishlanguagelearners 55Strategies to support beginning Englishlanguagelearners 57On-going strategies for supporting...
... among EnglishLanguage Learners. This research and literature suggest that dialogue journals could serve as an effective method for improving the writing performance of English LanguageLearners ... WITH ENGLISHLANGUAGELEARNERS 13 Dialogue Journals with EnglishLanguageLearners Experts (Miller, 2007; Peyton, 1990) have come to view the use of dialogue journals with English LanguageLearners ... ENGLISHLANGUAGELEARNERS 7 Introduction The number of students learning English as a foreign language increases yearly in the United States. There are approximately 9.9 million English Language...
... Guide for Secondary Teachers of Migrant EnglishLanguage Learners Every word or utterance in a second language is a step forward and shouldbe seen for what it accomplishes ratherthan for what ... this kit and/ or your district ESL staff about how language is acquired and what are recom-mended instructionaland assessmentstrategies.ãAdvocate for more ESL staff and teachertraining for your ... of Migrant EnglishLanguage Learners When a student’s native language is used correctlyin educational programs, it is of tremendous ben-efit. It can catalyze and accelerate second language acquisition....
... experiences and knowledge as English languagelearners in methods courses that we teach in teacher education programs in the United States. We both were born and raised in Poland, and share ... her individual journey into English as her second language as well as the ways the two languages and cultures, her home language and culture and the new language and culture she was acquiring, ... learn a great deal about second language acquisition and effective pedagogy forEnglishlanguagelearners through pre-service teacher education programs and in-service professional development...
... concurrent performance on tests of English language proficiency and academic achievement in the validity of administrating large-scale content assessments to Englishlanguage learners: An investigation ... assessment study. Language Testing and Evaluation Unit, Centre for English Language Teacher Education, University of Warwick. Roy-Campell, Z.M. and Qorro, M.A.S. (1997), Language crises in ... included reading programme and the in-service course for English teachers and school inspectors. Although materials were produced and distributed to schools in order to assist language teachers...