... parsersfor Hindi and other Indian languages. Hindi, being a morphologically rich, flex-ible word order language, brings chal-lenges such as handling non-projectivity in parsing. In this work, ... 2008b) can beextended to incorporate graph properties discussed in section 3 as constraints.Further, linguistic insightsinto non-projectivitycan be used in parsing to identify when to generatethe ... caused in Hindi, due to various linguistic phenomena mani-fested in the language, such as relative co-relativeconstructions, paired connectives, complex co-ordinating structures, interventions in...
... acetylcholinesteraseFEBS Journal 275 (2008) 2659–2664 ª 2008 The Authors Journal compilation ª 2008 FEBS 2661 Insights into substrate and product traffic in theDrosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterase ... fasciculin binding suggests that the backdoor route might become the most important routewhen the main entrance is blocked [8,9]. Recent kineticcrystallography studies provide some structural insights regarding ... Stojan J,Sussman JL, Zaccai G, Silman I & Weik M (2006)Structural insightsinto substrate traffic and inhibition in acetylcholinesterase. EMBO J 25, 2746–2756.5 Gilson MK, Straatsma TP, McCammon...
... grouped into fourclasses according to their metal cofactors: copper andzinc-containing SOD (Cu,Zn-SOD), iron-containingSOD (Fe-SOD), manganese-containing SOD (Mn-SOD) and nickel-containing SOD ... metal-binding siteat the interface of the two domains, which consistsof four side chains: two (His31 and His79) from theN-terminal domain and two (Asp165 and His169) fromthe C-terminal domain ... ions incorporated into the enzyme as it accumulated in the E. coli cells. Indeed,the activity of the apo-enzyme was significantly lowerthan the metal-containing enzyme.Metal cofactors were incorporated...
... ATP-binding pocket. Pantoatebinding to the ATP-binding site induced large changes in structure, mainlyfor backbone and side chain atoms of residues in the ATP bindingHXGH(34–37) motif. Sequence-specific ... al. (2000) Proline inhibits aggregationduring protein refolding. Protein Sci 9, 344–352.17 Mitra A & Sarma SP (2008) Escherichia coli ilvNinteracts with the FAD binding domain of ilvB andactivates ... pan-toate–protein interactions in the canonical pantoate-binding site (site I).Fig. S4. Two-dimensional projection showing the pan-toate–protein interactions in the ATP-binding site(site II).Fig....
... N-terminal hairpin in HtA isintermediate between those in RNse T1 and a-sarcin,having 20 amino acids in HtA, 26 in a-sarcin and 12 in RNase T1. From a functional point of view, thisreduction in ... N-terminalhairpin in sarcin were proposed to be the regionsinvolved in lipid interactions [21]. In HtA, loop 2 (resi-dues 45–63) is much shorter than in a-sarcin (19 aminoacids versus 41 amino ... structures. For instance, loop 2 is shorter in HtA than in a-sarcin, but the structure of the remain-ing part is the same in both proteins, including a shortsegment (N56, C57 and D58) forming a turn...
... ervatamin-C has a wider opening thanthat of ervatamin-A and lacks the proper environment in which to bind and fix the Leu side chain (P2) ofE-64 tightly. In fact, S2–P2 binding is not compact in ervatamin-C, ... region on the surface of domain L con-taining the active site Cys. The S3–P3 interactions aremainly governed by side chain interactions, andaccordingly the amino-4-guanidinobutane (P3) moietyof ... listed in supplementary Table S1. In contrast to the inhibitor interactions at the active site,the subsite interactions (S2–P2 and S3–P3) are differ-ent in ervatamin-A and ervatamin-C.S2–P2 interactionsThe...
... cysteinyl residue in the PIII disintegrin-likedomain, residing in what is called the RGD loop in disintegrin domains (Fig. 6; residue 468, VAP1 num-bering). The potent integrin-binding inhibitor ... venom.Interesting structural features in disintegrin,disintegrin-like and cysteine-rich domainsThere are several interesting structural features associ-ated with SVMP disintegrin, disintegrin-like ... prodomain; M, metalloproteinase domain; S,spacer; D, disintegrin domain; DL, disintegrin-like domain; Cys, cysteine-rich domain; L, lectin-like.Snake venom metalloproteinases and venom complexity...
... Pleckstrin (PH)homology domain in the N-terminal region, all theother PLD isoenzymes possess a calcium- and phos-pholipid-binding domain (C2 domain) at the N-ter-minus [5].From white cabbage, ... present in all membersof the PLD superfamily. However, there is low similar-ity in the remaining parts of the molecules. Most mam-malian PLDs contain a PX and a PH domain insteadof the C2 domain ... interactions. We assumethat calcium ions are involved in enzyme activation byguiding the protein to the membrane, mediating sub-strate binding, or adjusting the charge distribution atthe active...
... theCKL57 strain. We do not know whether the lack ofimmunoreactivity in the latter strain was due to the inabilityof the truncated protein to insert into and be stable in theinner mitochondrial ... c1were observed in the single deletion mutantstested, except for the increase of the intermediate form ofc1 in the strain lacking subunit 6. Subunit 6 is an acidicprotein that interacts with ... to detect proteins in transit and not yet inserted into the inner mitochondrialmembrane. The fact that both core proteins decreased bythe same extent in the various deletion strains suggests...
... betweenarginine and agmatine. Agmatine, which results fromdecarboxylation of arginine by arginine decarboxylase,is a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis ofputrescine and higher polyamines ... agmatine in E. coli agmatinase and l-arginine in B. caldoveloxarginase [37], indicating that the substrate specificityof these enzymes rely mainly in substituents at C-a.This has been, in fact, ... arginase in complex with substrate and inhibitorsreveal new insightsinto activation, inhibition and cata-lysis in the arginase superfamily. Structure Fold Des 7,435–448.V. Lo´pez et al. Interaction...
... under investigation in our laboratory. In any case,despite the structural differences between agmatinase andarginase, agmatine and arginine were fixed in essentially thesame position in the ... urea [1].Agmatine, which results from decarboxylation of arginineby arginine decarboxylase [2], is a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of putrescine and higher polyamines [1] andmay ... arginases (Fig. 4). Since the arginase loopcontains residues that interacts with the a-carboxylategroup of the substrate arginine [13], and this is the part ofthe molecule that makes arginine...
... Yellow arrows indi-cate b sheets, and cylinders indicate helices(green, PYR domain; blue, R domain; pink,PP domain). To illustrate the binding sitesfor the substrate (PADP in this model),activator ... tetramer, but, in contrast to ThDP, the bindingdomains are recruited from one subunit only. The mainchain nitrogens of residues I322 and I303 interact withnitrogen atoms of the adenine ring and the ... crystal structures, indicatingthat binding of acetyl CoA may induce changes in theprotein conformation in solution. Berthold et al. [4]published crystal structures of OfODC in complex withthe...
... some or significant cuts in spending. Only 4% are increasing their investment in print.Insight #10. Direct Mail, Telemarketing and Event Marketing IncreaseAs mentioned in Insight #3, marketers ... are increasing online investment while 36% are decreasing investment in traditional tactics. Only 17% of respondents are decreasing spend for online tactics while 25% are increasing investment ... be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, faxing, emailing, posting online or by any information storage and retrieval...
... differences in exposure times during western blot-ting. We also observed a slight increase in SREBF1protein level triggered in the presence of the NTsiRNA, in agreement with the slight increase in SREBF1 ... membrane protein 2; NT, nontargeting;RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex; RNAi, RNA interference; siRNA, small interfering RNA; SREBF1, sterol-responsive element-bindingprotein 1; TLR3, Toll-like ... processes in a cell type-dependent man-ner. For instance, an increase in the cell cycle timingcould be expected following the downregulation ofPCNA, coding for a protein involved in the control...