... evaluation, since
the nature of the data is different from that of the
QA dataset. Most of the questions asked over the
Web target named entities like specific car brands,
places and actors. There is usually ... and
several upper bounds, we select the highest upper
bound andthe lowest lower bound.
Extraction of comparison information. The
third group, P
compare
, consists of comparison pat-
terns. They ... attributes fromtheWeb and
attempt to deal with ambiguity and noise of the
retrieved attribute values. (Aramaki et al., 2007)
utilize a small set of patterns to extract physical
object sizes and use the...
... all the relevant terms should guarantee that the
information in the text is never lost; inserting just
the relevant terms allows to limit the development
effort, and should guarantee thesystem ... problems related
to the use of generic dictionaries with respect to
the IE needs.
First there is no clear way of extracting from
them the mapping between the FL andthe ontol-
ogy; this ... way. It has the advan-
tage of using theinformation contained in Word-
Net for expanding the FL beyond the corpus lim-
itations, keeping under control the ambiguity im-
plied by the use of...
... Conclusions and Related Information
This demonstration paper describes the
ACCURAT toolkit containing tools for multi-level
alignment andinformationextractionfrom
comparable corpora. These tools ... indicating whether strong content
word translations are found at the
beginning andthe end of each sentence in
the given pair;
a punctuation score which indicates
whether the sentences ... pairs, the relevance of
the individual feature functions differ. For
instance, the locality feature is more important for
the English-Romanian pair than for the English-
Greek pair. Therefore, the...
... string is s,
the system collects the linked page too.
2. Sentence extraction
Thesystem decomposes each page into sen-
tences, and extracts the sentences that contain
the seed term s.
The reason ... from each seed word, and then checked
whether each of the target terms was included in
the system output. We counted the number of tar-
get terms in the following five cases. The right half
(Evaluation ... half
(Evaluation II) in Table 2 shows the result.
S: the target term was collected by the system.
F: the target term was removed in the filtering step.
A: the target term existed in the compiled corpus,
but...
... problems and follows the
same basic folding rules in the cytosol and ER. The
chaperones that assist the nascent chains in these two
compartments are related: members of the Hsp70 fam-
ily and their ... con-
sidered as a demanding ER client. Both folding of the
subunits and assembly of IgM occur in the ER
[238]. The PDI family member ERp44 andthe lectin
ERGIC53 together function in the transport of ... which closes the lid domain and drastically decreases the on
and off rates of substrate from BiP. One of the two nucleotide
exchange factors then mediates the release of ADP, allowing the
binding...
... Boot-
strapper then further improves the performance of
the Expander to 82%, 87% and 91% respectively.
In addition, the results illustrate that the Bootstrap-
per is also effective even without the Expander; ... instance extraction for each dataset measured in MAP. NP is the Noisy
Instance Provider, NE is the Noisy Instance Expander, and BS is the Bootstrapper.
quality of the initial list, andthe Bootstrapper ... Bootstrapper then
enhances it further more. On average, the Ex-
pander improves the performance of the Provider
from 37% to 80% for English, 24% to 82% for
Chinese, and 12% to 89% for Japanese. The Boot-
strapper...
...
(1) Given a web site, the root page andweb
pages directly linked fromthe root page are
downloaded. Then for each of the
downloaded web page, all of its anchor texts
(i.e. the hyperlinked ... downloaded
from the Department of Justice of the Hong
Kong Special Administrative Region website.
Recently, web mining systems have been built
to automatically acquire parallel data fromthe
web. ... Exemplary systems include PTMiner (Nie
et al 1999), STRAND (Resnik and Smith, 2003),
BITS (Ma and Liberman, 1999), and PTI (Chen,
Chau and Yeh, 2004). Given a bilingual website,
these systems...
... NP
F
“a(x) x and other” NP
QT
(,)? and other NP
F
“a(x) x or other” NP
QT
(,)? or other NP
F
Plural
“such as p(x)” NP
F
such as NP
QT
“p(x) and other” NP
QT
(,)? and other NP
F
“p(x) or other” NP
QT
(,)? ... coefficient (Web- Jac), the Pointwise
Mutual Information (Web- PMI) andthe conditional
probability (Web- P). We also present a version of
the conditional probability which does not use the
Web but merely ... evaluation
measures. Then we describe the creation of the gold
standard. Further, we present the results of the com-
parison of the different ranking measures with re-
spect to the gold standard. Finally,...
... address the problem
of extracting key pieces of information
from voicemail messages, such as the
identity and phone number of the caller.
This task differs fromthe named entity
task in that theinformation ... informationextraction rules.
Two statistical systems are compared to the base-
line, one based on maximum entropy modeling,
and the other on transducer induction. Both the
baseline andthe maximum ... generalized, and
added to the flex program. It is the simplest of
the systems presented, and achieves a good per-
formance level, but suffers fromthe fact that a
skilled person is required to identify the...
... constitutively present on the
lumenal surfaces of the ER and on the inner and outer
membranes of the nuclear envelope [14].
Within the last decade, many groups have studied
the relocation of cPLA
2
-a ... to
be coupled to both COX-1 and COX-2 to produce
prostaglandin E
2
[51]. The physical colocalization of
COX and cPLA
2
-a in these systems, however, has not
been studied, and this is one of few studies ... EA.hy.926
endothelial cells that are distinct fromthe endoplasmic
reticulum andthe Golgi apparatus
Seema Grewal*, Shane P. Herbert, Sreenivasan Ponnambalam and John H. Walker
School of Biochemistry and...
...
pairs, where the translation of the in-parenthesis
terms is a suffix of the pre-parenthesis text. The
lengths and frequency counts of the suffixes have
been used to determine what is the translation ... Chinese and English word in the
Wikipedia data, we first find whether there is a
translation for the word in the extracted translation
pairs. The Coverage of the Wikipedia data is
measured by the ...
Table 5 and 6 show the Chinese-to-English and
English-to-Chinese results for the following sys-
tems:
Full refers to our system described in Sec. 3
and 4;
-term is thesystem without the use...
... patterns to
extract class instances fromtheweband then evalu-
ates them further by computing mutual information
scores based on web queries.
The work by (Widdows and Dorow, 2002) on lex-
ical acquisition ... Lin-
guistics andthe 44th annual meeting of the ACL.
O. Etzioni, M. Cafarella, D. Downey, A. Popescu,
T. Shaked, S. Soderland, D. Weld, and A. Yates.
2005. Unsupervised named-entity extractionfrom the
web: ... leads to the discovery of other
instances. Together, these two measures cap-
ture not only frequency of occurrence, but also
cross-checking that the candidate occurs both
near the class name and near...
... relations fromthe web. We
compare our approach with hypernym ex-
traction from morphological clues and from
large text corpora. We show that the abun-
dance of available data on theweb enables
obtaining ... about whether the
size of theweb allows to achieve meaningful results
with basic extraction techniques.
In section two we introduce the task, hypernym
extraction. Section three presents the results ... the two web ex-
periments and a combination of the best web ap-
proach with the morphological approach. The con-
junctive web pattern N en N rates best, because of its
high frequency. The recall...
... translation. They use a compositional
method to generate a set of translation candidates
from which they select the most likely translation
by using empirical evidence fromthe web.
The method ... select the most likely translation(s) fromthe
set of candidates. This is similar to the genera-
tion and selection procedures used in the litera-
ture (Baldwin and Tanaka (2004), Cao and Li, ... anchor text contain the seed. If
such links exist, we retrieve the linked pages as
well.
Sentence extraction
From the retrieved web pages, we remove html
tags and other noise. Then, we keep only...