increased the accuracy of finding synonyms of our system for a set of k word is more accurate pn and test corpus are used for all our experiment evaluations that are two kinds of context vector context size evaluation and quality of system
... limited because ofthe lack of fine-grained subcategorization infor43 the parse forest partially encode a configuration ofthe graph-structured stack and lookahead symbol, so that, unlike a standard PCFG, ... 79 Table 1: Accuracyofour parser, and where roughly comparable, the XLE as reported by King et al croaverages The macroaverage is calculated by taking the average of each measure for each individual ... This method of grammar and lexicon development incrementally improves the overall performance ofthesystem averaged across allthe datasets that it has been applied to It is very likely that...
... exponential, gaussian, and linear There aretwo kriging methods: ordinary and universal The ordinary kriging assumes thatthe constant mean is unknown, while the universal kriging assumes that there is ... value for each location It isa multistep process including: exploratory statistical analysis ofthe data, variogram modeling, creating the surface Kriging is most appropriate when there isa ... Eq and takes its square value - Summary Statistics: calculates RMSE ofthe interpolated DEM by using Eq 2.3 The study areas This research is based on the survey data of four topographic mapping...
... Results are calculated using both gold standard and automatically assigned POS tags; # isthe number of sentences in the sample, andthe % column gives the sample size as a percentage ofthe whole ... Statistical Models for Natural Language Parsing Ph.D thesis, University of Pennsylvania One question thatis often asked ofthe CCG parsing work is “Why not convert back into the PTB representation and ... where the trees area different shape, as well as having different labels It is important to realise that Hockenmaier and Steedman (2007) invested a significant amount of time and effort in creating...
... accurate clusters Acknowledgments I thank Yoshimasa Tsuruoka and Takuya Matsuzaki for their advice on probabilistic modeling, Alex Fang for his help in using the acquired SCFs, and Anna Korhonen for ... clusters and 1,241 data objects into I here assume thatthe existing SCFs forthe words in the lexicon ismore reliable than the other SCFs for those words I usedthe vectors that appeared formore ... 356–363 J Carroll andA C Fang 2004 The automatic acquisition of verb subcategorizations and their impact on the performance of an HPSG parser In Proc the first ijc-NLP, pages 107–114 A Copestake 2002...
... policy and operational (see the Appendix) Their measure of transparency is based on the simple idea thatmore types of disclosure represent greater transparency A disadvantage isthatthequalityof ... not a hard -and- fast rule; the Czech Republic and Hungary aremore transparent than the US while Norway is as transparent as Indonesia Transparency has increased substantially over the majority of ... cover and year-on-year exchange rate movement Essentially the risk ratings provide a standardized and parsimonious way to re‡ a variety of economic and …nancial fundamentals thata ect risk ect A...
... Net assets (assets minus liabilities) of BIS reporting banks at the end of each year BIS locational statistics provide gross on-balance asset and liability positions of banks in Europe, Japan and ... lending of U.S banks been the topic of discussion about banking deregulation Given the domestic nature ofthe debate andthe status of emerging market claims as a junior asset class, the lack of attention ... Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, andthe United Kingdom Source: BIS Locational Banking Statistics On a net basis, that is, assets minus liabilities...
... realization ofthe study and to the manuscript preparation, DF participated to the design and coordination ofthe study and to the manuscript preparation All authors read and approved the final manuscript ... procedure Twoofthe three data sets were used as learning data andthe remaining data set as testing data, thus the training was done on 36 contractions (4 contractions per class) [6] A linear discriminant ... Including the dynamic portion in the training set increases substantially the number of windows available for each class, and so the unbalance between the sizes ofthetwo classes during the learning...
... 85:102-108 Nakagawa H, Kamimura M, Takahara K, Hashidate H, Kawaguchi A, Uchiyama S, Miyasaka T: Optimal duration of conservative treatment for lumbar disc herniation depending on the type of herniation ... Figure Classification of discal pathology Classification of discal pathology accuracy using standard calculations[22] as well as ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) graphic evaluation Correlation ... lack thereof) and qualitative characteristics of outer annular/ posterior longitudinal ligament fibers Hence, containment status appears prognostically important and has a place in the provision...
... points The resultant data were evaluated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the basis of several factors (stand characteristics, PDOP and measurement time), both before and after the post-process ... from the attained accuracythatthe use of this GPS device is debatable for forestry thematic mapping, in the sense of collecting background material for forest maps Forest maps are classified as ... performance standards guarantee 98% ofthe daily PDOP and better, and functionality of at least 21 satellites with 98% probability on the annual average In general, the relevant accuracyof the...
... on the status ofis parents j and k: If j andkare unknown, then ui is generated from N(0, a ); If one parent, say j, is known, then ui is generated from N(0.5uj , 0.7 5a ); If j andkare known, ... on-farm evaluation, IBOVAL, forthe Parthenaise breed The trait analysed was the muscular development score at weaning, andthe model used in this present study was the model used in the real ... where Aisthe numerator relationship matrix, andthe scalars aand e arethe additive and residual variance components, respectively The BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) ofthe breeding values...
... standardized, and they included the parasternal left heart long-axis view, the aortic and MV short-axis view, andthe apical four- and two- chamber views Page of Left atrial (LA) diameter was ... BZG performed the statistical analysis and helped to draft and revise the manuscript All authors read and approved the final manuscript Competing interests The authors declare that they have no ... Okada Y, Matsumura G, Shin’oka T, Yozu R, Kobayashi J, IshibashiUeda H, Hiraki Y, Fukuda K: Local tenomodulin absence, angiogenesis, and matrix metalloproteinase activation are associated with the...
... forest thatis near a lake If we don’t know theaccuracyofthe map, andthe map is 100% accurate, we can travel to our forest location, and, in fact, find ourselves in a forest However, if the maps ... consistent andaccurate collection of sample data, and (3) rigorous comparative analysis ofthe sample data The organization of this book takes you through each of these fundamental steps Chapter ... excellent basis for making maps of land use and land cover Remotely sensed data has captured our imaginations since the first camera was carried aloft in a hot air balloon This fascination continues...
... be called the age ofthe error matrix An error matrix compares information from reference sites to information on the map fora number of sample areas The matrix isa square array of numbers set ... to the present time, a great deal of work has been conducted on accuracy assessment Moreandmore researchers, scientists, and users are discovering the need to adequately assess the results of ... ASSESSMENTS As in the early days of aerial photography, the launch of Landsat in 1972 resulted in a great burst of exuberant effort as researchers and scientists charged ahead trying to develop the field...
... sensed data used to make the map Thus, aerial photography is often used to assess theaccuracyof maps made from satellite imagery, and ground visits are often used to assess theaccuracyof maps ... have a proportional to area allocation ofthe sample since the total area of each map class is still unknown For example, the U.S.D.I Bureau of Reclamation maps the crops ofthe Lower Colorado ... data As discussed in Chapter 3, either the map or the reference source data can be used to allocate accuracy assessment samples across space If the map is used, then theaccuracy assessment samples...
... Table 5-9 provides a comparison ofthe overall accuracy, the normalized accuracy, andthe KHAT statistic forthetwo analysts In this particular example, all three measures ofaccuracy agree about ... comparison tests available forthe Kappa coefficient apply to this conditional Kappa for an individual category Weighted Kappa The Kappa analysis is appropriate when allthe error in the matrix ... significantly different than another (Bishop et al 1975) The result of performing a Kappa analysis isa KHAT ˆ statistic (actually K , an estimate of Kappa), which is another measure of agreement...
... comparison to aerial photography, checking thatall water exists in areas without slope, and comparison to existing maps of waterways and lakes will all reduce the possibility of this type of map ... when existing data or maps areused as reference data Changes in land cover between the date ofthe remotely sensed data andthe date ofthe reference data As the second section of Chapter details, ... for catching data entry errors is to enter all data twice and then compare thetwo data sets Differences usually indicate an error Classification scheme errors Every accuracy assessment map and...
... presents the traditional error matrix fora classification of forest crown closure Only exact matches are considered correct andare tallied along the major diagonal The overall accuracyof this classification ... fuzzy class boundaries is obvious: theaccuracyofthe classification can increase dramatically The disadvantage isthat if the reason for accepting plus or minus one class cannot be adequately ... outcomes for each dimension ofthe matrix (A at time andA at time 2, A at time and B at time 2, A at time and C at time 2, …, C at time and C at time 2), allof which are indicated in the error matrix...
... accuracyof both the photo and satellite derived maps are presented Analysis results are discussed as well as the practical trade-offs apparent in each accuracy assessment task Additional information ... rangeland of California, which forms a donutshaped area around California’s Central Valley, andis depicted in Figure 8-1 Almost allof California’s hardwood tree and shrub species occur in the area ... photo interpretation that makes up the reference data (the data against which the map is compared) during accuracy assessment The map site label refers to the map label oftheaccuracy assessment...
... in the simulated dataset was: matrix based on the pedigree ofthe last four generations of animals and s G isthe polygenic variance The esti- mated haplotype variance at each locus was calculated ... that alleles ofa certain marker areused to evaluate fewer putative QTL positions, but alleles ofall markers are still used in the analysis Grapes et al [4] have reported thatthe predicted ... breeding value of an animal isthe same for haplotype sizes of four to ten markers, but lower for haplotypes of one marker In comparison, at values for limitIBD of 0.75 and 0.95, we found the same accuracies...