... triphosphate
to the 5¢-hydroxyl group of thymidine, forming dTMP. Human TK1 is
cytosolic and its activity is absent in resting cells, appears in late G
1
,
increases in S phase coinciding with the increase ... myco-
plasmic origin [14], the feedback inhibitor dTTP was
bound in the substrate pocket, similar to the binding
of dTTP to the D. melanogaster multi-substrate
deoxyribonucleoside kinase [16], despite ... maintaining a proper balance
between the dNTPs. Inadditionto the ribonucleotide
reductase-controlled pathway, the dTTP level is con-
trolled by thymidine kinases and TMP nucleotidases,
forming...
... dford,
MA, USA) and the radioactivity retained on the ®lter
was measured.
Staining with lectin and antibody
Lectin staining and indirect immuno¯uorescence staining
were carried out as described previously ... sugars.
To identify the transport substrate of DmNST, a DNA
fragment containing the entire c oding region was ampli®ed
by PCR and inserted into the expression vector pMKIT-neo
utilizing the EcoRI ... econdary
antibodies in indirect immuno¯uorescence and Western
blot analysis, respectively.
Site-directed mutagenesis and insertion
of an hemagglutinin tag
We utilized the megaprimer method [17] to obtain a mino-
acid...
... In Chang
cells, stained occludin was observed in the cytoplasmic
region. Additionally, in Occ
WT
-overexpressing Hep3B
and Huh7 cells, regions stained with antibody to hem-
agglutinin (HA), indicating ... findings, our research provides new insights into
the role of exon 9 in the regulation of apoptosis and
invasion in liver cell lines.
A
B
Fig. 7. Effects of occludin shRNA on apoptosis and invasiveness. ... [23,24]. In contrast, in the
case of occludin, an ER-mediated increase in intra-
cellular calcium levels is not considered to be the
mechanism underlying its effects in cancer cell apopto-
sis and invasion...
... copper binding or loss of its binding
could be related to specific cerebellar function(s) of
stefin B [18], which remains to be seen by more in vivo
studies.
Stefin B as a copper binding protein
We ... places, but in particular, stefin B has a number
of histidines in the C-terminus (box in Fig. 1) at sites:
92, 75, 66 and 58. As histidine residues are central to
copper binding in many proteins they ... found to bind to
stefin B at pH 7 but not to stefin A (Fig. 2). The bind-
ing isotherm data were fitted to sequential binding site
parameters and the best fit, producing the smallest v
2
values, indicated...
... is
associated with mutations in the AUH gene. This indi-
cated that AUH, inadditiontoits RNA binding func-
tion, must play an important rolein leucine catabolism.
AUH was overproduced in E. coli and characterized
by ... had another function
in cellular metabolism. Indeed, AUH had enoyl-CoA
hydratase activity, which was described as an additional
intrinsic function of the protein. Itsrolein intermediary
metabolism, ... present work was initiated to kinetically charac-
terize AUH on its presumed natural substrate 3-MG-
CoA using a new strategy for its synthesis and
developing a new assay. In addition, a mutant...
... by
determining the relative uptake of glutamine; (b) by
searching for changes in the intestinal proteome; and
(c) by examining glutamine incorporation into cellular
proteins. The Caco-2 cell line was ... status in cells and the fourth
group in glutamine metabolism.
Annexin A2 and A4 belong to a family of soluble
cytoplasmic proteins that can bind to the membrane
surface in response to elevations in ... labelling of 20 distinct proteins, which are indicated in bold. NQ, No glutamine-containing peptides in spectrum
peaks. C-term, C-terminal part of protein; N-term, N-terminal part of protein.
Spot
Accession
number...
... was transformed
into E. coli strain TOP10F¢ (Invitrogen). The transformed
cellsweregrowntoaD
600
at 37 °CinSOBmedium
supplemented with 50 lgÆmL
)1
ampicillin. To induce pro-
tein expression, isopropyl ... removed and minced with a surgical knife.
The minced tissue was wrapped in cotton gauze and
suspended in NaCl/P
i
containing 100 lgÆmL
)1
penicillin/
streptomycin at 37 °C for 3 h. After incubation ... cDNAs
were determined by the Sanger dideoxy chain termination
method using a PRISM
TM
Ready Dye Terminator Cycle
Sequencing Kit (PerkinElmer). DNA samples were ana-
lyzed using an automated sequencer...
... CLAP with
a phosphoprotein stain did not reveal phosphate additions
to these proteins. Only lanes in the gel containing the known
phosphoproteins ovalbumin, b-casein and pepsin gave a
reaction. Thus, ... doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04338.x
binding domains, so the presence of a GTP/ATP binding
region in CLAP may indicate an energy dependent mech-
anism for pro-CLAP processing or cathepsin L docking
and stabilization not found in ... fasciclin domains in CLAP
with other fasciclin I containing proteins is clear (Fig. 9).
Using
BLAST
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST) to
identify related proteins, a putative cell adhesion protein
from...
... ankyrin repeat motif-containing proteins play an important role
in protein–protein interactions. ANKHD1 proteins are known to possess
multiple ankyrin repeat domains and a single KH domain with ... proteins also participate in protein–protein
interactions via their repeat motifs [5,6]. Using yeast
two-hybrid system analysis, we identified a protein
containing a single ankyrin repeat that interacts ... may play a role in
promoting proliferation and preventing apoptosis [8].
dMASK mediates receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) sign-
aling, independent of MAP kinase (MAPK) by either
functioning downstream...
... containing
arbutin or salicin as substrate; 100% C initial, i ncreasing
D t o 2 0% (10 min), 50% ( 15 min), 100% (5 min), held at
100% (5 min); cyanodin glycosides; 5% B/95% A initial
(5 min), increasing ... the enzyme/inhibitor mixture to 180 lLof
substrate (4NPGlc), incubating for 30 min at 37 °C, and
measuring the rel ease of 4NP.
Protein assays and protein sequencing
Total protein in crude and ... (rutin)
Quercetin-4¢-GlA
Kaempferol-3-Glc
Isorhamnetin-3-Glc
Flavanones Naringenin-7-GlcRha (naringin)
Hesperetin-7-GlcRha (hesperidin)
Dihydrochalcones Phloretin-7-Glc (phlorizin)
Secoiridoids Oleuropein
Anthocyanidins Cyanidin-3-Glc (kuromanin)
Cyanidin-3,5-diGlc
Fig....
...
commission’s findings, the Committee on the Assessment of the Role of Solar and Space Physics in
NASA’s Space Exploration Initiative chose to interpret its charge in the broadest sense and to examine ... difficult to incorporate into the long planning cycles needed to get
a mission into the strategic mission queues. The Explorer program can also provide opportunities to
respond rapidly to specific ... this wind, traveling
through interplanetary space, impacting planetary magnetospheres, and finally penetrating beyond our
solar system. It is these fast particles that pose a threat to exploring...
... splicing of the intron RNA into
the insertion site in the DNA are shown at the top. Solid lines indicate DNA and dashed lines correspond to intron RNA.
M. D. Molina-Sa
´
nchez et al. Group II intron ... RNA-binding domain
(domain X) associated with RNA splicing or maturase activity and a
C-terminal DNA binding ⁄ DNA endonuclease region. The intron-encoded
protein encoded by the mobile group II intron ... involving a RNP complex containing
both the intron RNA and the IEP [7–9].
The group II IEPs have an N-terminal RT domain
homologous to retroviral RTs, followed by a putative
RNA-binding domain...
... and
economy's financial sector. They analyze the streamlining public investment. But the in-
role that interest rate policy could
play in creases in interest rates should be
high enough to
Egypt's ... deposits in the economy's total money supply. Indeed, as
depicted in Figure
2, the ratio of foreign currency
deposits held in domestic
banks to the total stock of money, i.e. M, has increased ...
liberalized
investment
environment
and
in a
financial
system
dominated
by
the banking
sector,
interest
rates
will
be
the
key financial
prices
to
guide
investment
decisions
and to
ensure...
... domains are related toits zinc-binding prop-
erties. In vertebrates, zinc-binding proteins in serum,
such as albumin and vitellogenin (which circulate in
the bloodstream and transport zinc between ... that CFMYP diminishes its zinc-
binding capacity by losing at least one zinc-binding site
after itsrolein zinc transport is completed. We believe
that all of the CFMYP incorporated into the oocytes
is ... have zinc-binding motifs containing
the catalytic or structural zinc commonly found in zinc
enzymes and gene regulatory proteins. Such well-
known zinc-binding motifs are also not found in the
sequence...