... or not maintained at all during the
conflict. In deciding which infrastructure to rebuild,
donors and governments need to take into account not
only the infrastructure’s contribution to the resumption ... PART OF THE
SOLUTION
e purpose ofeconomicgrowth programming in
post-conflict countries is both to reduce the risk of a
return to conflict and to accelerate the improvement of
well-being ... and trade-offs in
specific sectors.
33
A GUIDE TOECONOMICGROWTHIN POST-CONFLICT COUNTRIES
market’s efficiency.
In post-conflict settings, however, given the urgency of
responding to the pressures...
... 2.49 2.41 2.56 2.9 2.34
Access to Finance and EconomicGrowthin Egyptxii
Access to Finance
and Economic Growth
in Egypt
Access to Finance and EconomicGrowthin Egypt
Middle East and North African ... actuaries trained to do pensions work; and
allowing outsourcing to professional fund managers and third-party
administrators, including qualified insurance companies.
The contractual
savings industry ... source of financing will
require in the medium-term enhancing the participation of the private
sector, and continuing the restructuring of state-owned insurance
companies; improving investment...
... Savings Industry Potentials for Growth 107
E. Developing the Mortgage Finance Market 113
F. Increasing the Financial Leasing Industry’s Contributions to Access 115
G. Developing the Factoring Industry ... Factoring Industry
The factoring industry should be strongly encouraged in Egypt.
Developing this industry would require extensive efforts since
factoring involves the sale of (a portfolio of) ... ensuring
that institutional investors become a major source of financing will
require in the medium-term enhancing the participation of the private
sector, and continuing the restructuring of...
... financial sector in an economy can be important in
determining the average productivity of capital, itself being one of the main channels of
economic growth. The screening and monitoring of investment ... particularly in developing countries, erodes policy autonomy, and,
in the case of a fixed exchange rate policy, it forces monetary authorities to maintain high
interest rates to sustain investor confidence ... not only by
raising the saving rate but also by raising the amount of saving funneled to investment and/or
16
source of macroeconomic instability in that stock market financial assets...
... be working and earning. As population aging escalates in China, willing
workers of both sexes can be brought into or back into employment to ameliorate any emerging
shortages of workers in the ... attainment in India trail far behind the progress in China.
India’s mortality rates remain much higher than China’s. Though the sex ratio at birth is much
more distorted in China than India, ... share of older people, the overall savings rate will tend to decline. With less savings
available for investment, economicgrowth will tend to decline.
These factors, taken together and in the...
... of about 3 ft. 6 in. long, to the top of which tie a piece of twisted
horsehair about 3 in. in length; to the free end attach a little piece of wood of 2 in. in
length, by the middle, cutting ... that the lapwing is decoyed into nets by the twirling of
looking glass. I have seen exactly the same thing myself on the Continent applied to
the taking of larks. A cylinder of wood, inlaid with ... plan is to place the
nets in one field while you retire into another, bringing the pull line through an
intervening hedge.
Cages containing birds are dispersed about on the outer edges of the...
... forces in shaping
firms’ incentives to report informative earnings.
To empirically illustrate the importanceof reporting incentives, we examine a setting
in which incentives to report about economic ... it is in their
interest. For this reason, reporting incentives are likely to play an integral role in
determining the informativeness of reported accounting numbers. While this general
insight ... The Importanceof Reporting Incentives:
Earnings Management in European Private and Public Firms*
David Burgstahler
Gerhard G. Mueller Endowed Professor in Accounting
University of Washington/Seattle
Luzi...
... set of fuzzy parameters. In
order to establish the target of minimum vagueness
in the mapping process, a linear programming
model must be built up, subject to the minimum
required degree of đtting ... the aid
of fuzzy goal programming technique, advanced
information of fuzzy goal regression is coordinated
and applied to aiding in a detailed evaluation of
forecasting accuracy of constructing wastewater
treatment ... can be minimized subject to h
i
! H, where
H is the prescribed degree of đtting and h
i
is the
individual degree of đtting corresponding to each
observation Y
i
.
For the case of having a fuzzy...
... trillion
13% of total income
Total income of high-income filers in the
top two brackets who own small
businesses with employees
3
$400 billion
4% of total income
Small business income of high-
income ... high-
income filers in the top two
brackets who own small
businesses with employees
$113 billion
1% of total income
New revenue
4
from small business income of
high-income filers in the top two brackets ... private sector investment, and exports.
Percentage point contribution to real quarterly GDP growth, by component
The Components ofGrowth Since 2009
GROWTH SINCE 2009
Source: Bureau of Economic...
... Microeconomic analysis of private rates of return to investment in education is
less difficult than macroeconomic estimation of social rates of return to investment in
human capital. Ambiguity in ... higher marginal benefit to additional schooling
in terms of generating income. Ability differences can cause the present value of lifetime
income to vary across individuals (since investment ... difficult to interpret,
macroeconomists in the last decade have stressed the importanceof human capital’s
contribution to growth:
The main engine ofgrowth is the accumulation of human capital...
... organisms of
incoming water – conducted by our laboratories.
c) Chlorination of incoming water to remove any residual micro-
organisms. Water is held in treatment reservoirs.
d) De-chlorination of ... assurance monitoring of incoming water, through SPP
relationships with the supply municipality (monitoring of THMs, micro-
organisms, salts, ions).
b) Quality control of pH, hardness, chlorine and ... buffers in brewing and useful for reducing the pH in
mashing and during the hop-boil
Chlorides
Calcium and magnesium chlorides give body, palate fullness, and soft-sweet
flavor to beer. The certain...
... [15–17], indicating
that the TPS pathway is dedicated to the secretion of
b-solenoid proteins [19].
Our model TPS system is the filamentous haemag-
glutinin adhesin (FHA) ⁄ FhaC pair of the whooping
cough ... primers. The amplicon was inserted into
pCRII-TOPO
ề
(Invitrogen, Cergy-Pontoise, France) and
sequenced, yielding pCRII-TOPO12TM. The point muta-
tions were introduced using the QuikChange II XL ... essential parts of complexes involved
in protein transport across, or assembly into, the outer
membranes of their respective organisms or organelles.
The mechanistic principles of transport in the TPS
pathway...