... Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy This thesis is a contribution to the debate on the implications ofquantum information theory for the foundational problems ofquantummechanics In Part ... to the question ofthe implications ofquantum information theory for our understanding ofthe meaning ofthequantum formalism Following some preliminary remarks, two particular information-theoretic ... currently made ofthe concept of information in physics, following the rapid growth ofthe fields ofquantum information theory and quantum computation These are new and exciting fields of physics...
... be represented as a combination ofthe complete set of eigenstates For the beginning student ofquantum mechanics, these aspects ofquantummechanics are among the more confusing If it helps, ... detail the conceptual structure ofquantummechanics By learning the solutions ofthe Schrödinger equation for a few model systems, the student can better appreciate the treatment ofthe fundamental ... brief summary, this book includes the following material: The Section entitled The Basic Tools ofQuantumMechanics treats the fundamental postulatesofquantummechanics and several applications...
... interpretations ofquantummechanics A key achievement ofthe decoherence program is the recognition ofthe importance ofthe openness ofquantum systems for their realistic description The wellknown ... uniqueness theorem then guarantees the uniqueness ofthe expansion ofthe final state |ψ = n cn |sn |an |en (where no constraints on the cn have to be imposed) and thereby the uniqueness ofthe preferred ... Hilbert space, and (iv) the interpretation ofthe modulus square ofthe expansion coefficients ofthe state in terms ofthe eigenbasis ofthe observable as representing probabilities of actual measurement...
... field The direction ofthe gradient points in the direction of maximum increase ofthe dot-density, while the magnitude ofthe vector indicates the rate of change of that density What the components ... the scalar case The nine elements ofthe vector gradient can be viewed as three vectors denoting the direction ofthe maximum rate of change of each ofthe components ofthe original vector The ... celestial mechanics There still exists no satisfactory explanation for the Kirkwood Gaps ofthe asteroid belt The ring system of Saturn is still far from understood The theory ofthe motion of the...
... Herbert’s proof of Bell’s theorem Mermin’s statistical proof of Bell’s theorem7 Bell operator measurements 18 C Biographs D Philosophy ofthe founding fathers IV Quantum effects 18 E Quantum logic Quantum ... (proof ofthe unobservability ofthe splits), [DeWitt-Graham 73], [Graham 71], [Ballentine 73] (the definition ofthe “branches” is dependent upon the choice of representation; the assumptions of ... on quantum cryptology the art of secure communications using quantum means—, both from the perspective ofquantum cryptography the art ofquantum code-making— and quantum cryptoanalysis —the...
... governs the time-dependence ofthe state ofthe system The mathematical solution ofthe equation of motion for the dynamic variables ofthe system will then tell us precisely the state ofthe system ... function of another canonic variable ‘‘conjugate’’ to the position coordinate ofthe system, the linear momentum ofthe particle px, or C(px, t) The basic problem ofthe dynamics ofthe particle ... the action is specified in terms ofthe force acting on the system Since the force is equal to the rate of decrease of ~ the potential energy with the position ofthe system, or F ¼ ÀrVð~Þ, the...
... to the foundations ofquantummechanics 1 Introduction-Foundations ofQuantumMechanics 1.1 Standard quantummechanics 1.1.1 Some ofthe major problems of SQM 1.2 Thequantum theory of ... called thequantum theory of motion [3] In order to ensure the compatibility ofthe motions ofthe ensemble of particles with the results ofquantum mechanics, Bohm added the following further ... between the two famous theories ofquantum mechanics, i.e the standard and Bohmian quantum mechanics, at the individual level of pair of particles Meantime, the two theories present the same...
... case, the half width ofthe wave packet becomes small If we regard the uncertainty k in the value of k as the half width ofthe distribution A(k) and the uncertainty x in the position ofthe wave ... distribution ofthe location ofthe photon impacts If only slit A is open half ofthe time and only slit B the other half ofthe time, then the interference fringes are not observed and the diffraction ... description ofthequantum behavior ofthe particle For this reason, the wave function is often also called the state ofthe system In the double-slit experiment, the patterns observed on the detection...
... field The local invariance groups ofthe basic equations ofquantummechanics (equations of Schrodinger, of Dirac etc.) are well known, but the proofs that these groups are maximal (in the sense of ... formulate the problem of investigation ofthe symmetry ofthe KGF equation The main concept used while considering the invariance of this equation (and other equations ofquantum physics) is the concept ... Symmetries ofthe Fundamental Equations The Lie algebra defined by the basis elements (2.22) is the maximal IA ofthe Dirac equation in the class M1 PROOF The first statement ofthe theorem can...
... where N0 is the p electron density, meff is the effective mass ofthe electron, e is the electron charge and e0 is the permittivity ofthe free space The damping rate (which is also called the electron ... smaller than the relevant skin depth ofthe corresponding metal, the EM wave can be transmitted by tunnelling through the structure The position ofthe PBG can be determined by selection of proper ... xca - x and Db = x - xba are the detunings ofthe atomic transition energies dk is the detuning ofthe probe field, which has a central frequency at the middle point ofthe two upper levels 123 ð2Þ...
... modification enhance the stability and increase the photoluminescence ofthe core 2 State -of -the- Art ofQuantum Dot System Fabrications The key step in QDs preparation ensuring the achievement of above ... compared the change of their fluorescence intensity (quenching) in the presence of As (III)(Wang et al 2011) Arsenic (III) has a high affinity to reduced GSH to form As(SG)3 thus the fluorescence of ... base text that could serve as a reference in research by presenting up‐to‐date research work on the field ofquantum dot systems. We are most grateful to all authors ofthe chapters for highlighting the important issue ofthe potential applications ofquantum dot system with a high quality work of their research. We are especially thankful for ...
... modification enhance the stability and increase the photoluminescence ofthe core 2 State -of -the- Art ofQuantum Dot System Fabrications The key step in QDs preparation ensuring the achievement of above ... compared the change of their fluorescence intensity (quenching) in the presence of As (III)(Wang et al 2011) Arsenic (III) has a high affinity to reduced GSH to form As(SG)3 thus the fluorescence of ... base text that could serve as a reference in research by presenting up‐to‐date research work on the field ofquantum dot systems. We are most grateful to all authors ofthe chapters for highlighting the important issue ofthe potential applications ofquantum dot system with a high quality work of their research. We are especially thankful for ...
... modification enhance the stability and increase the photoluminescence ofthe core 2 State -of -the- Art ofQuantum Dot System Fabrications The key step in QDs preparation ensuring the achievement of above ... compared the change of their fluorescence intensity (quenching) in the presence of As (III)(Wang et al 2011) Arsenic (III) has a high affinity to reduced GSH to form As(SG)3 thus the fluorescence of ... base text that could serve as a reference in research by presenting up‐to‐date research work on the field ofquantum dot systems. We are most grateful to all authors ofthe chapters for highlighting the important issue ofthe potential applications ofquantum dot system with a high quality work of their research. We are especially thankful for ...
... together at the same time the random nature ofthe events at the atomic level of reality and the completeness of their probabilistic representation by the principles ofQuantumMechanics 1.2 The ... under the impact ofthethe extraordinary experimental and theoretical boom of physics triggered at the end of World War by the opening ofthe Nuclear Era 24 Theoretical Concepts ofQuantumMechanics ... ofthe theory at the level ofthe mathematical structure, on which the theory stands, could be a good way to understand why and how the theory works The mathematical structure ofquantum mechanics...
... the full quantum description ofthe electron transport with the inclusion ofthe interband processes Among them, the phase-space formulation ofquantummechanics offers a framework in which the ... relativity and quantummechanics In quantum mechanics, the revolution was both profound, requiring a dramatic revision in the structure ofthe laws ofmechanics that govern the behavior of all particles, ... aspect ofthe theory, but often underestimated: the description of a system in thequantum phase-space usually involves a very complex mathematical formulation and the solution ofthe equation of...
... ultimately influence the net-charge ofthe conjugate The increase in peak width ofthe QD-BSA can be attributed to a number of factors, including the polydispersity Page of 15 (page number not ... many proteins This ultimately Another drawback for the use of EDCHCl/sulfo-NHS for the formation of stable bioconjugates is the lack of specificity on the protein of interest As numerous amine functional ... a region close to the antigen-binding site (the hypervariable region) Either one of these variations can significantly reduce the efficiency of immunoassay applications [9] Other techniques make...
... distances and dendrograms From the values ofthe gene frequencies ofthe analyzed loci and by means ofthe application of several indexes of genetic distance, dendrograms ofthe Spanish dog breeds have ... among them In observing the values of distance found with respect to the other breeds and the topology ofthe trees, this hypothesis is strengthened It is known that when a population is under the ... the range of distances is below 0.1 The reliability ofthe constructed phenograms has been evaluated by computing the standard errors (SE) at every point of bifurcation ofthe tree branches The...