... inward andthe prey (usually zooplankton) andthe surrounding water are engulfed in the bladder trap andthe flap closes The plant then actively pumps ions and water out of the bladder and transports ... greater number of glands for effective digestion If an insect lands on glands at the edge of the leaf, the glands bend inward, moving the prey to the center of the leaf where glands are more numerous ... as an ingrowth of the cell wall The HCO3- ion enters the invagination and splits into CO2 and OH- The CO2 is used in photosynthesis andthe OH– is excreted at the upper side of the leaf K+ transport...
... is the transformed value of FCR, FCRg the geometric mean of the FCR, and t the parameter of the transformation (0.4) Parameter t of the transformation was determined on the basis of skewness and ... than in the E and C environments, probably due to the older age of hens when laying eggs for the S environment The growth rate in the C environment was lower between and wk than in the other two ... wk On the contrary, the E environment was different from the other two for L, K, and TI This result confirmed the value of fitting the growth curve rather than considering body weight because the...
... below) have shown other sequence differences between mesophiles and thermophiles, such as the increased level of purine bases in the coding strands of thermophiles [4,8,13,14] While these effects ... temperature, and that the high G+C content was concentrated in the double-stranded stem regions of the molecule This provides strong evidence for selection acting to increase the thermostability of these ... restricted in their temperature ranges than are microbial eukaryotes (Figures and 3) Several authors have drawn parallels between thermophilic and mesophilic microbes on the one hand, and warm- and cold-blooded...
... still less variable (1.2%) than the traits themselves is mathematically due to the significant correlation existing between the traits On the other hand, the occurrence and persistence of this correlation ... margin at the neck level to the tip of the scutellum For wing length a difficulty exists in defining the anterior basis of the wing We used the middle part of the thoracic coast, in front of the tegula, ... with temperature, and are some lines more variable than others? In this analysis, we have considered parameters, the standard deviation andthe CV (coefficient of variation), andthe results are...
... branch length, and frequency of branching modify the aggregation of the foliage on the branches [19, 20, 40, 78], and thereby change the degree of self-shading within the canopy Because the requirements ... site, L and NM were not significantly related (r2 = 0.11, P > 0.2 for the infertile and r2 = 0.24, P > 0.1 for the fertile site) Given that neither the site effect at the common NM nor the site ... relationship within the sites, the assumption was fulfilled for the patterns across the sites (cf figures 4C and 6) We studied average needle age, and therefore, it is relevant to consider that the relationship...
... between the inlet and outlet vapor pressures in the channel The difference between the inlet andthe outlet water vapor pressure is here due to the flux in the x-direction (mainly related to the ... produced at the cathode side The water flowing in the membrane is absorbed on one side and desorbed on the other The following transport phenomena are taken into account First, the motion of the gas ... K is the membrane permeability (m2), µ is the water viscosity (kg⋅m-1⋅s-1), P is the pressure (Pa) denoted Pan at the anode and Pcath at the cathode, and Lm is the membrane thickness (m) The boundary...
... Poland, Portugal and Slovakia—increased the duration of term contracts and expanded their applicability Germany and Russia did the same the previous year In those countries and in Poland, there ... others (2003b), and Botero and others (forthcoming) Two other papers—Djankov, McLiesh and Shleifer (2004) and Djankov and others (forthcoming)— are the basis for the Getting Credit and Closing a ... search of the land registry and submits the application for consent to the governor of the state And then waits for months After obtaining consent, she pays another separate fees and taxes and submits...
... Poland, Portugal and Slovakia—increased the duration of term contracts and expanded their applicability Germany and Russia did the same the previous year In those countries and in Poland, there ... others (2003b), and Botero and others (forthcoming) Two other papers—Djankov, McLiesh and Shleifer (2004) and Djankov and others (forthcoming)— are the basis for the Getting Credit and Closing a ... search of the land registry and submits the application for consent to the governor of the state And then waits for months After obtaining consent, she pays another separate fees and taxes and submits...
... ample and relatively evenly distributed rainfall On the other hand, the extreme Southeast coast is very similar to the West coast of the peninsula (Pendleton 1962) 24 The driest regions of Thailand ... in the Northeast, on the Khorat platform, which suffers from lack of water in the dry season In the lower part of Khorat the average annual rainfall is only 1050 mm On the other hand, in the ... rainfall The Northeast of Thailand has been promoted for rubber plantation establishment, and, on the other hand, considerable variation in the amount of rainfall exists within the northeastern...
... stainless steel needle (27 g) was butted against the low dead volume tee and enabled the delivery of the sheath solution to the end of the capillary column The separations were obtained on 90-cm long ... identified in the hydrolysis products of both carboxyl-reduced CPS and LPS [19], confirming the presence of GalNAcA in the native CPS and LPS This was further corroborated by NMR and MS analyses ... 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galacturonic acid The sequence of constituent glycoses andthe location of L-Ala were confirmed by 2D NMR analysis performed on both CPS and aqueous-phase LPS and their methanolysis products, and CE-ES-MS...
... for both the wild-type andthe mutant (data not shown) There was also a marked increase in the pH of the medium after 48 h of bacterial growth for both the wild-type and isogenic mutant The pH ... growth, as compared to the wild-type The growth rates of both the wild-type andthe mutant were compromised at pH 5.0 (not shown) The addition of urea (10 mm) to the medium at pH and pH 5.5 resulted ... www.med.upenn.edu/akr), the enzyme was designated a new member of the AKR13 family and assigned the name AKR13C1 This family contains two other recognized members, AKR13A1 and AKR13B1 The substrate specicities of these...
... down, then slowly return to the upright position"; 2) “Stand up against the wall and then alternately lift your toes upwards"; 3) “From a standing position, raise yourself up onto your toes and then ... moment, andthe coordinate of Centre of Pressure (CoP) (CoPML, i.e the component of CoP displacement in the M/L direction and CoPAP, i.e the component of CoP displacement in the A/P direction) on the ... of PWS at PRE and POST1 PRE Data analysis The outputs of the force platform allowed us to compute the CoP time series in the A/P direction (CoPAP) andthe M/L direction (CoPML) The first 10s...
... 15–10% of the basal area during the first half of the rotation period (up to the age of 50 years) and for 10–6% of the basal area in the second half of rotation period Full stocking and a five-year ... stands On the other hand, in Straznice III experiment, trees from this variant of thinning (2a) showed either higher or comparable (in one case) variability In the younger stands (Bedovice II and ... by the Forestry and Game Management Research Institute (Table 1) The elevation of stands varied from 190 m to 260 m a.s.l All stands are located on sandy nutrient-poor soils (arenic Podzol) The...
... for the same species in Sicily [18] A good correlation may be observed between the leaves andthe flowers on the one hand and twigs on the other, but with some months of delay according to the ... quite erratic and depends significantly on wind and storms The fall period takes place mostly at the beginning of springtime andthe end of the autumn and varies a lot depending on the year as observed ... during the summer, the plant takes advantage of the most favourable periods of temperature and humidity in order to carry out the maximum photosynthesis, and this tends to be during the spring and...
... the slope andthe intercept of the regressions were not dierent from zero (Tabs I, II and III) Therefore, we pooled the data from both light intensities for the analysis of the eect of the O3 gradient, ... ), where I is the intercept, B is the slope and O3 is the O3 concentration (nL.L1 ) 2.5 Statistical analyses We established the inuence of the light regimes on the responses of the dierent variables ... 31 and 57, together with the stimulation of the PEPC by O3 , may support the production of amino- and organic acids directed to repair processes However, after 85 days, the NR activity in the...
... total biomass includes the biomass of fine branches and leaves The latter components are rather dynamic and their allometric relationships with Stand structure At the start of the study, ie yr after ... virtually the only tree species in the tree layer The understory is sparse Most of this forest has not been disturbed since the end of charcoal production in the 1950s The present stand structure ... by the stem ) -1 diameter at the start of the period, and expressing the result as a percentage Mean relative diameter increments during the interval from 6-12 yr after thinning were 0.87% yr and...
... remiges and rectrices At one day of age, the primary and secondary feathers are like coverts in a slow feathering chick, and at eight days they not have tails Owing to the considerable power of thermal ... body and feathers of the chick at weeks of age are in competition for arginin and cystein, of which the requirement is more important during the synthesis of feathers Feathering genes and growth ... feathers (absolute and per cent of body weight) and an effect of sex on per cent of feathers On the contrary, the age × genotype interaction in both sexes for the two same traits showed that the...
... value for the two challenges in adults (a and b) and children (c and d) The interval defines the 95% probability that the difference between a single measurement andthe true value for the subject ... ventilation during the 2nd and 6th minute of the exercise with the highest fall in FEV1 was 57.3% ± 14.5 and 53.1% ± 12.9 for adults and 54.6% ± 12.9 and 51.1% ± 11.0 for the children The estimated ... children There was no significant difference between the HR % predicted and estimated ventilation % MVV between the test on the day the highest % fall in FEV1 was documented, and on the test on the...
... that the difference in outcome between the two Leuven Intensive Insulin Therapy Trials andthe subsequent trials could be related to the use of parenteral nutrition More importantly, when the two ... gradients) through the cytoplasmic membrane These transporters are part of the superfamily of glucose transporters encoded by the GLUT genes; there are several isoforms, such as GLUT4, and their expression ... may enter the mitochondria to participate in the citric acid cycle andthe production of ATP by the mitochondrial respiratory chain and ATPase However, glucose can be involved in other pathways...
... and stabilize the cells to the surface (Kumar and Anand, 1998) The biofilm can grow as thick as a few micro millimeters within a few days depending on the culture conditions andthe species The ... impeding the flow of heat across the surface, increasing the fluid resistance at the surface, and increasing the corrosion rate at the surface leading to energy and product loss (Kumar and Anand, ... ionic and covalent bonding 10 and hydrophobic interactions (Kumar and Anand, 1998) The extracellular polysaccharides form a bridge between the bacterial cell andthe substratum and this enables the...