... computer programs. All
programming languages are formal languages.
natural language: Any of the languages people speak that have evolved nat-
urally.
portability: A property of a program that can run ... simplest way to convert a floating-point value to an integer is to use a
typecast. Typecasting is so called because it allows you to take a value that
belongs to one type and “cast” it into another ... assigns a value toa variable.
expression: A combination of variables, op er ators and values that represents
a single result value. Expressions also have types, as determined by their
operators and...
... diagrams
To keep track of which variables can be used where, it is sometimes useful to draw a stack
diagram. Like state diagrams, stack diagrams show the value of each variable, but they
also show ... Formal and natural languages 5
1.4 Formal and natural languages
Natural languages are the languages people speak, such as English, Spanish, and French.
They were not designed by people (although ... working with this book, and that it helps you learn to program and think,
at least a little bit, likeacomputer scientist.
Allen B. Downey
Needham MA
Allen Downey is a Professor of Computer...
... syntactic structure of a program, analo-
gous toa word in a natural language.
parse: To examine a program and analyze the syntactic s tructure.
print statement: An instruction that causes the Python ... than
what the programmer intended.
semantics: The meaning of a program.
natural language: Any one of the languages that people speak that evolved
naturally.
formal language: Any one of the languages ... Operators and operands 17
2.6 Operators and operands
Operators are special symbols that represent computations like addition and
multiplication. The values the operator uses are called operands.
The...
... Interview Likea Top MBA!”
—D
ALE
L
E
F
EBVRE
MIT graduate, Harvard Business School and Harvard Law School graduate
Former McKinsey & Company Consultant
Managing Partner, Pharos Capital
During ... be perceived as too weak in any of these major areas and expect to
get a job at a high level at Procter & Gamble. We especially valued can-
didates with extraordinary leadership abilities. ... business
casual; that is, consider wearing a jacket to add a slightly formal
touch to your business attire. However, it is always best to call a
representative in human resources to ask how you...
... directors, both as a mat-
ter of common sense and as a matter of policy. Boards have a com-
parative informational advantage and greater motivation to police
managerial opportunism than managers do. ... designed to assure that
transactions are executed in accordance with management policy
and are recorded properly in the accounting records (and to assure
that assets are deployed only in accordance with ... out to be how well a business anticipated change and
dealt with it—rather than against some ‘plan’ or internal number
negotiated a year earlier.”
Speed and stretch are complemented by the final...
... has
taught and lectured widely, in the United States and abroad, at
schools and business organizations of all kinds. He has served as a
consultant to corporate boards of directors, law and accounting
firms, ... and print media. Professor Cunningham is a magna cum laude
graduate of Cardozo and earned his B .A. in economics from the
University of Delaware. He was born and raised in Wilmington, Del-
aware, ... Post-Conglomerate Era:
Changing the Shape of Corporate America,” Leaders, April–June 1989.
‘‘While the stock market does not always behave rationally, Larry Cun-
ningham’s well-articulated and insightful...