how they work and how to deal with them

kuffel, e. (2000). high voltage engineering - fundamentals (2nd ed.)

Ngày tải lên : 18/04/2014, 12:28

... laboratory techniques, to provide an understanding of high-voltage phenomena, and to present the basics of highvoltage insulation design together with the analytical and modern numerical tools ... be necessary to determine the factor of safety over the prospective working conditions and to ensure that the working margin is neither too high nor too low Most of the h.v generator circuits ... converted into d.c voltages A high d.c to a.c voltage ratio can only be gained with a high product of a.c frequency and energy stored in the smoothing capacitors, as they have to store electrical...

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Báo cáo y học: "Ultra-low microcurrent in the management of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and chronic wounds: Report of twelve cases and discussion of mechanism of action"

Ngày tải lên : 26/10/2012, 09:39

... action is considered to be the mitochondrial electron transport chain Hyperglycemia and lipotoxicity in obesity and related disorders are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress ... Popliteal and pedal pulses were absent bilaterally with poor capillary refill The left foot was red and inflamed up to and including the medial malleolus The lateral aspect of the great toe and second ... clinical trials with antioxidants, in particular with vitamin E, have failed to show any beneficial effect (66) However, antioxidant therapy with vitamin E or other antioxidants is limited to scavenging...

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MECHANISM OF THE REACTION OF LiAlH4 WITH AN ESTER

Ngày tải lên : 07/06/2013, 01:26

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Tài liệu ECCENTRIC MECHANISM OF FOUR-BAR LINKAGE pptx

Ngày tải lên : 19/01/2014, 05:20

... dimension to 0.89+0.096 in Double-click 1.599 dimension Change the dimension to 1.599+0.096 in Double-click 1.84 dimension Change the dimension to 1.84+0.096 in Click the update tool Then pick to save ... analysis shows no interference The cut has to be deleted 38 Pick the graphics area at the cut location – indicated by red box below Right click and select Delete Click OK to confirm, and the resulted ... assembly with no interference is shown below Click Then open sub-assembly arm_asm.asm Select Connect tab to create a Pin connection 39 Align the axis A_2 of top hole of the arm_asm sub-assembly with...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo " Mechanism of forming the Dien Bien basin " pdf

Ngày tải lên : 13/02/2014, 12:20

... gritstone, grading upward to black-grey claystone, siltstone, small-grained sandstone bearing The bedrock is brittle shattered and pulverized Some members are folded According to the electronic and ... of pebble, granule, sand and boulder in the low part, silt, clay mixed with some sand layers in the upper part The last one is composed of pebble, granule mixed with silt and clay Mechanism of ... sediments which are divided into layers The first one is composed of boulder, pebble, grit mixed with light-grey silt and clay Pebbles are well rounded and sorted with the main composition of...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: X-ray crystallographic and NMR studies of pantothenate synthetase provide insights into the mechanism of homotropic inhibition by pantoate docx

Ngày tải lên : 16/02/2014, 09:20

... atom of Asp152 is hydrogen-bonded via one water molecule to the O3 atom of pantoate, and via two water molecules to the O4 atom of pantoate The Ne atom of His37 is hydrogen-bonded to the O4 atom ... carbon and oxygen atoms of pantoate are shown in yellow and red, respectively The carbon and oxygen atoms of ATP are shown in red, the nitrogen atoms in blue, and the phosphorus atoms in orange (see ... substrate(s) The resonances of free nPS are shown in red, those of nPS bound to D-pantoate are shown in blue, and those of nPS bound to D-pantoate and ATP are shown in green The arrows indicate the...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Modeling of tRNA-assisted mechanism of Arg activation based on a structure of Arg-tRNA synthetase, tRNA, and an ATP analog (ANP) ppt

Ngày tải lên : 18/02/2014, 11:20

... ampliﬁcation, and inserted into the TOPO vector (Invitrogen); TOPO ⁄ ArgRS was then ligated with pET28c E coli BL21(DE3)codon+ cells were transformed with plasmid pET28c ⁄ ArgRS, and the crude ... Leu38 N1 and N6 of the base of A20 lie close to Nd2 and Od1 of the side chain of Asn87 in the S4 strand, with ˚ ˚ distances of 2.82 A and 2.97 A, respectively The plane of the base of A20 and the ... H18 and the X-loop of P horikoshii ArgRS and T thermophilus ArgRS Asn498, Phe499 and Glu500 in P horikoshii ArgRS and Ser464, Phe465 and Glu466 in T thermophilus ArgRS are shown in ball -and- stick...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Hypoxic resistance to articular chondrocyte apoptosis – a possible mechanism of maintaining homeostasis of normal articular cartilage pdf

Ngày tải lên : 18/02/2014, 14:20

... inhibitors, it is not clear how this agent actually induces apoptosis [17,18] More research is required to fully characterize the types of cell death in aging and arthritic cartilage, together with ... cotreated with ALLN and TRAIL under normoxic conditions Moreover, photomicrographs revealed that cells showed a decreased death rate under hypoxic conditions when they were cotreated with ALLN and ... TRAIL-induced apoptosis under normoxic and hypoxic conditions We found that TRAIL and ALLN alone did not induce apoptosis, but combined treatment of the cells with ALLN and TRAIL increased apoptosis markedly...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Mechanism of dihydroneopterin aldolase NMR, equilibrium and transient kinetic studies of the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli enzymes docx

Ngày tải lên : 19/02/2014, 00:20

... that deprotonation and reprotonation occur without the proton exchanging with bulk water However, deprotonation and reprotonation in the aldolase reaction involve the proton exchanging with bulk ... the deprotonation and reprotonation of C2¢ The alternative reaction can be initiated by deprotonation of C1¢ and protonation of N5 to form an enol intermediate, which can turn into a keto intermediate ... HP and 20 mM GA The reaction was initiated with 10 lM SaDHNA at 25 °C and quenched with M HCl The reverse reaction generated both DHNP and DHMP HP, DHNP, and DHMP were oxidized to HPO, NP, and...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Catalytic mechanism of SGAP, a double-zinc aminopeptidase from Streptomyces griseus pdf

Ngày tải lên : 19/02/2014, 02:20

... previously shown to act as one of the catalytic residues, together with Tyr246 [36] To verify the speciﬁc involvement of Glu131 in binding and ⁄ or catalysis, the kinetic parameters of SGAP and its ... could include the protonation or deprotonation steps and ⁄ or the generation of the nucleophile and the collapse of the tetrahedral intermediate (Fig 1) [63] To study the protonation events via ... SGAP and the catalytic mutant E131D, resulting in solvent isotope effects of 1.67 and 2.52, respectively, at pH 8; and 2.10 and 2.92, respectively, at pH 6.5 (Table 1) The profound solvent isotope...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Antifungal effects and mechanism of action of viscotoxin A3 docx

Ngày tải lên : 19/02/2014, 07:20

... sclerotiorum and Phytophtora infestans), showing minimum inhibitory concentrations of the order of 1.5– 3.75 lm [16] We have also reported the interaction of VtA3 and VtB with model membranes and suggested ... able to interact with cell membranes [3,5,12] In spite of many reports on viscotoxins, their biological role is still unclear They have been considered to be storage proteins as well as linked to ... gives enhanced resistance to pathogens [13] Viscotoxins display different toxic activities towards a number of tumour cell lines, suggesting that the different observed cytotoxicity could reﬂect...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Manipulation of prenyl chain length determination mechanism of cis-prenyltransferases ppt

Ngày tải lên : 19/02/2014, 07:20

... the stop codon TAA, respectively The PCR product was digested with KpnI and SalI, and separated on a 1% agarose gel The desired band was eluted, and ligated into the pBluescript II SK(–) vector, ... (Promega) with the primer 5¢-GATGAATTCGCGAAGAAGGATCCCTTAT AC-3¢ to obtain pBS-Srt1p-delta Wild-type SRT1 and the mutant Srt1p-delta were digested with KpnI and SalI, subcloned into pJR1133 vector, and ... hydrolysed to the corresponding alcohols with potato acid phosphatase according to the method of Fujii et al [34] Product alcohols were extracted with pentane, and analysed by reversed phase TLC with...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: On the mechanism of action of the antifungal agent propionate Propionyl-CoA inhibits glucose metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans doc

Ngày tải lên : 19/02/2014, 16:20

... is supposed to be generated in the cytoplasm For transport to the mitochondria a conversion into a carnitine-ester and a backconversion to the CoA-ester inside the mitochondria has to be involved, ... ¨ rinsed with methanol and washed with 0.1% triﬂuoroacetic acid The supernatant was slowly applied to the column and washed with 10 mL 0.1% triﬂuoroacetic acid Elution was carried out with 1.5 ... explain the toxicity of propionate towards cells growing on glucose as sole carbon and energy source Furthermore, we were able to show a correlation between inhibition of polyketide formation and intracellular...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: nsights into the reaction mechanism of glycosyl hydrolase family 49 Site-directed mutagenesis and substrate preference of isopullulanase doc

Ngày tải lên : 19/02/2014, 16:20

... isomaltose Kato et al reported that two a-glucosidases from A nidulans, AgdA and AgdB, showed strong transglycosylation activity to produce isomaltose from maltose, and they are suggested to participate ... hydrophobic column, TOYOPEARL Hexyl-650C (Tosoh, Japan) was used, the recovery increased to 50% Ammonium sulfate was added directly to the dialysed crude enzyme to adjust it to 70% saturation and the supernatant ... pullulan, and isomaltose and glucose from panose, and the action patterns of the wildtype and the W402F enzymes were almost identical (Fig 2) The kinetic study for W402F towards panose showed that...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: The mechanism of a-proton isotope exchange in amino acids catalysed by tyrosine phenol-lyase doc

Ngày tải lên : 19/02/2014, 16:20

... a-proton exchange was shown to be > 98% The solution was heated to 95 °C to inactivate the enzyme, and then evaporated to dryness, and the residue was recrystallized from water/ethanol to obtain ... a-proton with respect to the cofactor plane [17], and shows that the pattern of binding is the same for a variety of amino acids It has been established [5] that for a number of amino acid inhibitors ... transformation Values of KSH and kf(H) correspond to KD and kf for the reaction of nondeuterated substrate, and KSD, kf(D) and kr(D) are equal, respectively, to KD, kf and kr for the reaction of...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Unraveling the catalytic mechanism of lactoperoxidase and myeloperoxidase A reﬂection on some controversial features Elena Ghibaudi and Enzo Laurenti docx

Ngày tải lên : 20/02/2014, 02:21

... rise to a radical species with kSoret at 412 nm Exposure to a slight peroxide excess rapidly inactivates LPO and generates Cpd III (with bands at 424, 550 and 588 nm) (Table 2) In contrast to MPO, ... are found in LPO and MPO They deal with the the major importance of catalase activity in MPO with respect to LPO, the different sensitivity of the enzymes to Cpd III inactivation and the redox potential ... (430, 572 and 625 nm bands) correspond to the real Cpd II? In such a case, the optical features of Cpd I isomer have to be deﬁned The second hypothesis assigns the 455 and 625 nm bands to this...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: A role for the intersubunit disulﬁdes of seminal RNase in the mechanism of its antitumor action docx

Ngày tải lên : 20/02/2014, 11:20

... illustrated in Fig show that some monomers (MCM, MCA, MAE) have no cytotoxic activity on malignant SVT2 cells, whereas others (MSSG and MSSAE) are surprisingly cytotoxic This cytotoxic action Fig ... sensitivity to the inhibitory action of the cytosolic RNase inhibitor (CRI), it is known that MCM is fully inhibited by CRI [16] We tested MCA and MAE with increasing concentrations of CRI and found ... nonmalignant 3T3 broblasts, they were found to be as devoid of toxicity as native, dimeric BS-RNase (data not shown) It is noteworthy that in the inactive MCM, MCA and MAE monomers Cys31 and Cys32, the cysteine...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Mechanism of protection of peroxidase activity by oscillatory dynamics docx

Ngày tải lên : 20/02/2014, 11:20

... the nonoscillatory and the oscillatory states and some examples are shown in Fig 1C,D, respectively In Fig 1C we show the spectra of the enzyme before the onset of the NADH inow and 750 s 2798 ... small random perturbation switches to an oscillatory state, the degradation of the enzyme slows down after the transition from the nonoscillatory to the oscillatory state [12] Thus, oscillatory ... [31] However, so far we have not been able to demonstrate the same oscillation/steady state bistability with melatonin as a cofactor Figure shows time series of NADH, O2, ferric peroxidase and...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo Y học: Insights into the reaction mechanism of Escherichia coli agmatinase by site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modelling ppt

Ngày tải lên : 21/02/2014, 01:21

... given to the modeling of the active site The modelled structure was very similar to the template, with respect to the number and arrangement of structural elements (a-helix and b-sheets), and one ... loops and the two connecting amino acids at the beginning and the end, were mutated to glycines and, after remodelling back to their side chains in agmatinase, the whole hydrogen bond network ... (AUH) and rat liver arginase (1rla) H, S, T and stands for a-helix, strand, turn and 310-helix Conserved residues are marked by an asterisk Identical behaviour was previously described, and conﬁrmed...

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Tài liệu Báo cáo Y học: Dynamic mechanism of nick recognition by DNA ligase ppt

Ngày tải lên : 21/02/2014, 01:21

... proposed to interact with the 5¢-phosphate moiety of the nick [19,25] Two of them, Lys238 and Lys240 of T7 DNA ligase (Lys188 and to a lesser extent Lys186 of Chlorella virus DNA ligase) were shown to ... arrows Figure shows that the analogy with a hand can be extended to DNA ligase Domain would be associated with the palm, subdomain 1c with the thumb and domain with the ﬂexible ﬁngers Also, the ... anchored to the enzyme only at the clamp site and is free to slip in the active site According to our hypothesis, the nicked strand has less freedom of conformational changes because it is anchored to...

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