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29/04/2014, 15:23
...
Ri'-INO
ANI"
Mf),IOItƠ:
Till-:
BRAIN
IN
AC'flClIJ
If
you
are
wald'llng
a
mOVie.
your
hlppocamplls
remembers
what
you
see
and
your
amygdala
remembers
how
you
feel
about
It.
The
top
layer
of
the
brain
IS
the
cerebrum,
It
IS
diVided
Into
IWO
hemispheres.
The
Ihin
layer
of
malenal
covering
the
cerebrum
is
called
the
cerebral
corlex
or
neocortex.
The
cerebral
cortex
decides
if
faclual
mformatlOn
is
to
be
stored.
If
so.
it
sends
It
10
the
hippocampus,
The
cerebral
cortex
determines
If
emotional
mformatlOn
IS
important.
If
so.
it
'NIII
send
I1
to
the
amygdala.
the
differenc('
N-III'CCn
lhe
functions
of
the
hippocampus
and
the
amyg-
dala,
I
use
a
metaphor.
I tdl
them
that
the
hippocampus
tells
them
who
the
OTher
ooys
and
girls
arc,
and
the
~Hnn,'{blil
tells
them
whether
they
like
Ihem
or
nO!.
Thm
sc<:ms
to
Cl'ment
their
ulld('r~tanding
of
the
differences.
The
final
structure
to
consider
is
the
cerebrum.
This
top
layer
of
the
brain
is
divided,
as
most
of
the
brain
stmcturl'S
arc,
into
riJ;ht
and
Idt
hemispheres.
TIle
I11'O
hemi~phcrescommunicme
Ihrough
a
Ihick
IliIlld
o(
fibcrs,
clllled
the
corpus
callosum,
that
connects
them.
The
cerebrum
is
covered
by
a
Ihin
layer
of
material
called
the
cerebral
corter.
or
the
neocorÃ
tu,
Nco
means
"new,"
ami
m~my
consider
this
to
Ilt:
the
newcst
layer
of
the
bl'3in
in
terms
of
evolutionary
development.
The
neocortex
is
about
onc-eighth
of
an
inch
thick,
and
if
it
were
spread
out
it
would
be
the
Sill'
of
a
large
pil'Cc
of
construction
paper.
Be-
cause
it
has
to
fold
itsclf
whhin
our
small
skulls,
it ... arpears
wrinkled.
ACTU-
ally,
almost
two-thirds
o(
it
lies
within
the
folds.
It
is
this
cortex
thal
is
rderred
ro
as
our
"gral'
maltCr,~
e\'en
Though
it
is
actually
pinkish
bro\\ll.
TIle
relit
o(
thc
cerebrum
beneath
the
cortex
is
';white
matter"
and
con-
sistS
of
;1xons,
many
of
which
have
been
myelinaTed,
causing
the
white
colot.
The
Information
Trail
Now
T
hm
wc
'vc
examined
t
hesc
major
parTS
of
t
he
hra
in,
lel's
follow
some
informatlon
through
the
brain.
We
take
information
into
our
brams
throllgh
our
fivc
senses.
That
informiltion
is
first
filtered
through
the
re-
ticular
activating
system
in
the
brain
stem.
Then
it
goes
to
the
thalamus,
the
brain
STnJcture
th:n
sons
the
informmion.
By
sorting,
I
mean
Thm
if
the
information
is
visual,
the
thalamus
scnd~
it
to
the
visual
pMt
of
the
cortex;
if
iT
is
auditory,
it
sends
it
to
fhe
Auditory
COrtcx,
:md
so
on,
When
informat
lOll
teaches
Ihe
cerebml
cortex,
this
higher
area
dl'(ides
whether
it
should
be
acted
upon
or
stored
in
long-Term
memory.
[fit
is
to
be
stored
(or
the
long
term,
the
information
is
rclaYl'(l
(rom
the
COrtcx
TO
Ihe
hippo-
CAmpus,
\\Ãhich
c:nalogs
and
files
it.
If
the
infonnarion
has
emOTional
con-
tcnl,
it
is
sent
to
the
amY(:rlata
for
a
similar
procedure.
This
is
how
our
memories
brrow,
This
is
how
we
explore
our
world,
make
sen)C
of
it,
antI
grow
those
dcndrites.
SomeTimes,
how& apos;;:\lcr,
it
does
not
hilpp<:n
exactly
this
walÃ.
The
Stress
Response
You
are
at
home
With
your
best
fr~nd.
She
has
convinced
you
10
(ent
a
video
of
thelatesl
murder
mystery,
Usually
you
do
not
wald'l
mysteries
because
... the
rots,
lhe
cats,
and
the
nllns
tell
us
that
play
is
imporl11nt
for
learning.
Social
intetaCtion.
CMe,
challenge,
and
play
Me
imporrant
for
l,'I'OW-
ing
those
dendrilcs. Whether
it
be
in
the
classroom,
in
thc
home.
m
work.
or
in
the
community,
all
of
these
factors
influence
how
much
we
learn.
2
LEARNING
ANll
MaIORY:
THE
BRAIN
IN
ACTlON
The
brain
cells
irwotved
In
learning
are
neurons
and
glial
cells
At
birth
we
have
about
100
billion
neurons.
The
brain
sends
messages
through
its
neuroos.
Learning
occurs
when
two
neurons
communicate.
As
neurons
make
more
connecllOns,
or
"learn:
the
brain
gets
heavier,
Neurons
TIle
brain
cell
tlm
getS
much
attention
is
the
neuron.
Neuron
simply
me~ns
"ncrvc...