...
quantum theoryof collisions (so far as it affects thetheory of
the
transport
phenomena in gases) , and on thetheoryof conduction and diffusion in
ionized gases, in the presence of electric ... structures ofthe molecules. These structures are
therefore not of immediate concern in the kinetic theoryof gases; they
determine the exterior fields of force, which form the outworks ofthe
molecule, ...
of the molecular hypothesis is thetheory (called the kinetic theoryof heat)
that the molecules move more or less rapidly, the hotter or colder the body
of which they form part; and that the...
... cost ofthe employment in question
[1]
. The
excess ofthe value ofthe resulting output over the sum of its factor cost and its user cost
is the profit or, as we shall call it, the income ofthe ... AND THE MULTIPLIER
Book IV: The Inducement to Invest
11.
THE MARGINAL EFFICIENCY OF CAPITAL
12.
THE STATE OF LONG-TERM EXPECTATION
13.
THE GENERAL THEORYOFTHE RATE OF INTEREST
14.
THE ... different set of forces. The effect of
combination on the part of a group of workers is to protect their relative real wage. The
general level of real wages depends on the other forces ofthe economic...
... amount ofgas ?
kTk
tr
2
3
Now we consider an ideal gas in aspects of energy
3.1 Internal energy of ideal gas:
The kinetic-molecular model states that
The internal energy of an ideal gas is ofthe ... for real gases:
In the model of an ideal gas, we ignored:
The volume of molecules themselves
The interaction (attractive) forces between them
By making approximate corrections for these two ... average"
One ofthe keys ofthe kinetic-molecular model is to relate pressure
to collisions of molecules with any wall:
4/22/2008 4
Đ1. Kineticmolecular model of an ideal gas:
1.1 Equations of state of...
... is the cornerstone of
the RNA World. Nevertheless, there is a lot going for the RNA World
(Bernhardt summarizes much ofthe evidence, and I add more below)
whereas the other hypothes es on the ... existed
already at the late stages ofthe hypothetical RNA World [92].
All this discussion is not pointless play with hypotheses. Realization of the
unique status ofthe RNA World among the origin of life ... Because ofthe ability of these naturally occurring
RNA riboswitches to bind protein enzyme cofactors, and
because many of these cofactors possess non-functional
fragments of RNA – one ofthe earliest...
... familiarity with the elementary topology of topological groups
and ofthe real and complex number fields.
Most ofthe material of these notes is to be found in the notes of
Artin and the books of Artin, ... fields. These lec-
tures were preceded by an elementary course on group theory, vector
spaces and ideal theoryof rings—especially of Noetherian rings. A
knowledge of these is presupposed in these ... The restriction of elements of
g to L
′
are automorphisms of L
′
with L as fixed field (by definition of
L). By finite galois theory these are all the elements ofthe galois group
of L
′
/L. This...
... predicted
on the basis ofthe Nambu equations of motion, and anti-rigid if the correction
terms act to enhance the curvature ofthe world sheet. Numerical simulation of
the collapse of a circular loop of ... assume their false vacuum values (n and 1 respectively) on the axis
of symmetry, and fall off exponentially with the cylindrical radius ρ. The centre
of the string is, therefore, the set of points ... for more detail).
However, in the case of an infinite string in the shape of an oscillating helix,
the effect ofthe corrections is to increase the curvature at some points on the world
sheet and...
... part by The American Institute of Mathematics.
ON THE K -THEORY OF LOCAL FIELDS 33
where M
gp
is the group completion (or Grothendieck group) of M and
denotes the submodule generated by the indicated ... unlikely that this result is valid in the generality ofthe pre-
vious section. Indeed, the proof ofthe corresponding result for K -theory uses
the approximation theorem [48, Th. 1.6.7], and this ... −→ · · · ,
two out of three ofthe vertical maps are isomorphisms. Hence, so are the
remaining vertical maps. To prove the claim, we consider the diagram of
ON THE K -THEORY OF LOCAL FIELDS 45
0...
... revenue.
The left hand side of eq. (12a) is the marginal cost of enforcement, including
the effects on output and the odds ratio. The right hand side is the marginal
benefit ofthe reduction ... conviction of illegal suppliers obviously
depend on the extent ofthe difference between the social and private value of consumption of illegal
goods, but they also depend crucially on the elasticity of ...
(c+A)θ, the expected value ofthe drugs confiscated; and θF, the expected
costs of punishment.
An increase in punishment to drug offenders, F, raises the cost and lowers
the profits of an...
... manifested by these superconducting
oxides have become one ofthe most exciting and challenging topics in the field
of the electron theoryof metals.
Originally, the electron theoryof metals was ... of a given solid are decided by howthe constituent atoms are bonded
through the interaction of their electrons among themselves and with the
potentials ofthe ions. This interaction yields the ... accom-
plishments in the electron theoryof metals since the advent ofthe Sommerfeld
free-electron theory. Naturally, the higher the superconducting transition tem-
perature, the more likely are possible...
... R
is
the
normal
electric
intensity
and co
the
area
of
the
cross
section.
For Ra> is the
part
of the total
normal
induction due to the end
T of the
cylinder,
and this
is the
only part
of
the ... Art.
3.
Thus,
supposing
the
body
to
be
negatively
electrified,
the
positive
electrification
will
be
on
the
disc,
while
the
negative
will
go
to
the
most
remote
part
of the
system
consisting
of the metal
of
the
electroscope,
the
wire
and
the
ground,
i.e.
the
negative
electrification
will
go
to
the
ground
and the
gold
leaves
will
be
free
from
electrification.
They
cease
then
to
repel
each
other
and
remain
closed.
If
the ... induced
by
the
electrification
on
the
stick
of
sealing-wax.
The
electrification
on the
part
of
the
metal
nearest
the
wax
is
of the
kind
opposite
to that
on
the
wax,
while
the
electrification
on the
more remote
...
... the
mass
was
greater
in the
proportion
of the mass
of
an atom
of
oxygen
to
that
ORIGIN OF THE
MASS OF
THE CORPUSCLE.
41
lines
;
one of these (that
corresponding to
the
coalescence
of the
three lines) would
show the
normal ... interesting.
In
the case ofthe cathode rays
the velocity of
different rays
in
the same tube may be
different, but the value of
e/m for
these rays is
independent ofthe velocity as well as of
the
nature ofthe ... atoms
much
more
nearly
equal to the
number of
the chemical elements. It has, however, an important
bearing on our
conception ofthe origin of the
mass of
the
atom, as
if the number of corpuscles in
the atom is of
the
same
order...