... analysis Data were expressed as mean ± SD For comparison of means, Student s t-test was performed using SPSS 9.0 (SPSS Inc., USA) statistical package Results Chemical-components of PMs The ratio of ... at same dose (P
... properties, such as inhibition of KA-induced inflammatory mediators [50] Since PGE2 was synthesised in response to activation of COX-2 expressing cells, directly hyperpolarises GABA-induced neurons ... reports which show that antioxidants such as resveratrol [13] and vitamin E [53] are also protective against various animal models of SE in terms oftheoxidativestress or convulsions Resveratrol ... advocated for the treatment of cancer, oxidative stress, inflammation and diabetes, but few studies have evaluated modes of action in these processes The present study demonstrates that GABA was effective...
... heterodimer and increases apoptosis Theroleof caspase-1 in apoptosis is not known, but in some conditions it may increase apoptosis Different symbols representing different proteins are shown inthe ... transcription of caspase-1, and this warrants further studies A summary ofthe findings that HIPPI increases apoptosis and alters gene expression is shown in Fig Hi Pro-caspase-1 45 kDa Caspase-1 20 kDa ... box Numbers representing different processes are also shown Possible roleof HIP-1 and HIPPI inthe pathogenesis of HD Various cellular processes, such as apoptosis and transcriptional dysregulation,...
... death This study suggests that COX-2 plays an important roleinthe secondary activation of microglia, inthe progression ofthe inflammatory response, andinthe progressive loss ofthe dopaminergic ... to attenuate the progressive cell loss induced by the inflammatory response Using adjacent SNpc sections to stain and count the number of TH- and Nissl-stained neurons and Mac-1stained activated ... drugs have shown protective effects in reducing the risk of neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer 'sdisease [8,18] and PD [19] Inthe present study, we tested the hypothesis that excessive...
... However, the prior research is limited in terms ofthe scope andthe depth of data supporting the analyses This study addresses these limitations, taking advantage of a unique nationwide data set of ... compute the inverse Mills ratio, which is included as an additional term in a least-squares estimation of equation (2) The second stage model is specified using the levels of production costs as the ... dairies Inthe models specified with operating and capital costs and with total economic costs the value ofthe coefficients decreased with successive size categories indicating economies of size...
... of src-family tyrosine kinases or inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) attenuates ROS production These findings suggest that these kinases are involved in upstream signaling cascades ... of proinflammatory responses that act in concert to promote the progressive pathophysiology associated with this diseaseThe results summarized in this review suggest that ROS and iNOS released ... neurogenesis, gliogenesis and even inflammatory processes [65,66] Inthe AD brain, it has been postulated that the abundance of astrocytes results in their extensive exposure to Aβ from the earliest stages...
... senescence andoxidativestressin OA cartilage, as discussed above, we postulated that oxidativestress induces telomere instability and dysfunction in chondrocytes, subsequently resulting in ... chondrocyte senescence remains unclear Our findings, demonstrating theoxidativestress (ROS) induced telomere erosion and replicative senescence in chondrocytes, suggest theinvolvementofoxidativestress ... involvementofoxidativestressinthe pathogenesis of OA from the viewpoint ofoxidativestress induced genomic instability, especially telomere erosion, and chondrocyte senescence Our findings clearly...
... bias inthe results and is a limitation ofthe study Medical errors are among the leading causes of death inthe United States In its highly publicised report, the Institute of Medicine estimates ... consequence of constructing their own drug prescriptions using pull down menus There were also many missed prescribers' signatures with CPOE This did not affect the patient but, in these cases, nurses ... prescribing systems, prescribing was restricted to intensive care medical staff only To compare both prescribing systems, details of all MEs identified by the ICU clinical pharmacist, in the...
... site of Gb3 synthesis in man [11], andinthe heart, possibly due to the association of Gb3 synthesis with the microvasculature GSL synthesis in man and mouse are distinct, particularly inthe ... (in Fabry disease) andof course, GlcCer (in Gaucher disease) By inhibiting this enzyme, the synthesis of most GSLs (and all gangliosides) is prevented The glucosyl ceramide synthase substrate mimic, ... function of MDR1, the GSLs of some other tissues are complicated by the redundancy in this function (studies in progress) andthe tissue differences in MDR1 expression Thus, an effect of MDR1 inhibition...
... lipofuscin pigments abundantly present in human brain tissue Results Expression of different ADH classes in tissues outside the CNS Figures and show results from specificity tests of all probes on ... immunohistochemistry also in rodents [22] Expression of ADH3 inthe adult rodent and human brain Overviews ofthe expression patterns ofthe three classes of ADHs inthe adult rodent brain are shown ... photomicrographs (Fig 4) show the distribution of silver grains indicating expression in three regions ofthe rat brain In hippocampus, ADH3 hybridization was strong within cornu amonis as well as in the...
... level In view of these observations, we also investigated levels of MIH and CHH peptides inthe sinus gland and levels of transcripts in XO neurones during the moult cycle, to see whether significant ... recruitment of receptors for MIH was suggested Levels of MIH and CHH inthe sinus gland during the moult cycle As individual SG from single crabs always contained almost identical profiles and quantities ... CHH secretion is a dynamic process Taking these observations into account, and given that CHH is about 10-fold less effective than MIH in repressing ecdysteroid synthesis [4], it now seems possible...
... cases (Fig 2) However, inthe case of Bb, the cellular activity was decreased and secretion was increased, suggesting that the presence of this cysteine retains the enzyme intracellularly In ... C-terminal cysteine andthe aromatic residues, as indicated above (not shown) Taken together, these results show that the t peptides possessing a cysteine at position 19 had a stronger effect on the ... that the secreted ⁄ cellular ratio presented a minimum with a cysteine at position 19, and was notably increased inthe mutant possessing two C-terminal cysteines (S3 7C) As shown in Fig 4, the sedimentation...
... decreases the antioxidant capacity resulting in a net ‘steady-state’ increase inthe amount of ROS [21]; (b) loss of cytochrome c impairs the flow of electrons inthe respiratory chain inducing ... alterations of Na+ and K+ homeostasis in neurodegeneration, is currently unknown Nevertheless, the fact that these proteins are intensely expressed inthe central nervous system [251,254,261] and their ... preparations [195] and subsequently shown to be associated with tissue damage in this and other organs, including the kidney and skeletal muscle [196,197], but not in others, i.e liver [198] Interestingly,...
... behind an empty constituent inthe syntax, and (2) whether the form is anaphoric inthe semantics In subsequent sections, we show how the distinct mechanisms for recovering these types of missing ... felicitous in these cases This account also explains similar differences in felicity for other coordinating conjunctions as discussed in Kehler (1994), as well as why gapping is infelicitous in constructions ... representation in Figure as the source, the semantics for the missing VP may be recovered in both the target andthe source clauses, and that abstracting these elements results in an "open proposition"...
... for inflation and output stability and interest rate smoothing remains robust to the inclusion of exchange rate smoothing inthe loss function The results found for this second case are shown in ... interest rates Nevertheless, state variables also have secondary effects on the interest rate as a result of their lagged values andofthe inertial term it −1 These secondary effects can be measured ... over the interest rate predicted by the opposing weights, it** (and vice versa) The results for the encompassing test (Table 7) confirm the results presented in Figure The weights of a strict inflation...
... preferences for average versus exaggerated forms, and why artists and scientists have often considered truth and beauty as two sides ofthe same coin Processing Fluency The Concept of Processing Fluency ... of information should reveal a preference for easy-to-process stimuli Several studies bear on this issue Some of these studies explored processing ease of different forms of symmetry, such as ... cultures to begin to classify their flora and fauna, regardless ofthe survival needs ofthe tribe (see Levi-Strauss, 1962/1966) Hence, aesthetic criteria seemingly stood at the very beginnings of scientific...
... aac3 (A.t.) aac1 (S. t.) aac1 (R.n.) aac2 (R.n.) hdgaac (N.spec.) Sense Antisense Sense Antisense Sense Antisense Sense Antisense Sense Antisense Sense Antisense Sense Antisense 5¢-TGCAGAGTTCcAtATGGTTGATCAAG-3¢ ... possesses proof reading activity Sense primers incorporating an NdeI restriction site and antisense Heterologous expression of AACs in E coli Table Oligonucleotides used for construction ofthe ... expression plasmids (encoding His10–AAC), the NdeI–XhoI (NdeI–BamHI or NdeI–BglII) DNA inserts ofthe pBSKplasmids were introduced in- frame into the corresponding restriction sites ofthe isopropyl...
... success and sex-reversal strategies? The inferred mating patterns are discussed in light ofthe individual features (size, position and sex at the time of sampling) ofthe assigned fathers andthe ... Fisher test was not significant (P = 0.093) Size, position within stacks and sex of fathers Figure shows the sex ofthe assigned fathers at the time of sampling Surprisingly, depending on the population, ... between the effects of size and position In addition, only the offspring of females at the base ofthe stacks were examined, so that the male contribution to the broods of other females inthe stack...
... problem-solving skills These instruments include the followings:1 Use of portfolios OSCE Modified essay questions Peer and self assessment reports production 263 Advances in MCQs such as R type and problem-oriented ... students unexpectedly and allowing each student to discuss his answers with the neighboring student and consequently trying to justify their answers Using the Internet and computer-assisted instructions ... through the web includes timetables, bio-sketches of students and tutors, learning topics, references, and outlines of lectures and other teaching sessions, materials for the problems, laboratory and...
... critical assessment of HIV/AIDS inthe private security and legal services industries, in terms ofthe prevalence rate of HIV, its impact on business andthe responses of businesses to the epidemic ... security and legal services industries, in terms ofthe prevalence rate of HIV, its impact on business andthe responses of businesses to the epidemic thus far Furthermore, the study sought to establish ... survey inthe private security sector, while Chapter presents the results from the legal services sector Chapter presents the findings on the impact of HIV/AIDS andthe response of businesses in the...