... space-varying mean and stationary covariance as a model for the pdf
of the image. Geman and Geman [11] proposed a Gibbsdistribution to model thepdf ofthe image.
Alternatively, if the image is assumed ... non-stationary image mean, R
f
and R
n
are the correlation matrices of the ideal
imageandnoise,respectively,andS
b
isadiagonalmatrixconsistingofthederivativesofs(.) evaluated
c
1999 by CRC Press LLC
ImageandVideoRestoration
A.MuratTekalp
UniversityofRochester
53.1Introduction
53.2Modeling
Intra-FrameObservationModel
•
MultispectralObserva-
tionModel
•
MultiframeObservationModel
•
Regularization
Models
53.3ModelParameterEstimation
BlurIdentification
•
EstimationofRegularizationParameters
•
EstimationoftheNoiseVariance
53.4Intra-FrameRestoration
BasicRegularizedRestorationMethods
•
RestorationofIm-
agesRecordedbyNonlinearSensors
•
RestorationofImages
DegradedbyRandomBlurs
•
AdaptiveRestorationforRing-
ingReduction
•
BlindRestoration(Deconvolution)
•
Restora-
tionofMultispectralImages
•
RestorationofSpace-Varying
BlurredImages
53.5MultiframeRestorationandSuperresolution
MultiframeRestoration
•
Superresolution
•
Superresolution
withSpace-VaryingRestoration
53.6Conclusion
References
53.1 ... the dataand a constantsum of pixel intensities. This approach requires the
solution of a system of nonlinear equations. The number of equations and unknowns are on the
order of the number of pixels...
... equal to the (vector) product of a force and the displacement of an object. In
simple systems, where W is work, F force and s distance
W = F s
In SI the unit of work is the joule, J, or ... of Speed
rotor of speed - field of speed Slip
Inductive Reactance
Reactance of AC circuit (X) = 2πfL ohms
where L = inductance of circuit (henries)
Inductance of an iron cored ... temperature change
Latent Heat
Latent heat of fusion of ice = 335 kJ/kg
Latent heat of steam from and at 100°C = 2257 kJ/kg
1 tonne of refrigeration = 335 000 kJ/day
= 233 kJ/min...
... on Polyolefins and Styrenics is the first part of a four-
part set on Handbookof Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics. The
other three parts, to be published in late 2010 and
2011,
are ... of the dust coming
from the air or treating chemicals to the surface of the devices causes
reduction of yield and deterioration of performance.
52 Engineering Thermoplastics: Polyolefins and ... the softening point, melting point and dielec-
tric property of the resultant toner can be satisfactorily controlled.
Thereby the non-offset fixing temperature range of the toner can
be expanded....
... sim-
plifications for real-time imageandvideo processing, Hardware platforms for real-time image
andvideo processing, Software methods for real-time imageandvideo processing
P1: IML/FFX P2: IML/FFX ... developments in the field of multidimensional signal
processing have all led to the creation of the field of real-time imageandvideo processing.
Here, an overview of the history ofimageprocessing is stated ... a brief overview of the other chapters.
1.2 PARALLELISM IN IMAGE/ VIDEO
PROCESSING OPERATIONS
Real-time imageandvideoprocessing systems involve processing vast amounts ofimage data in
a timely...
... Y
AVG
is made as a product of brightness
L of the input image, Exposure (integration) Time t
ET
of
the sensor, gain G of the imageprocessing pipeline, and a
constant K,see[9], and computed with Y
AVG
= ... on ImageandVideo Processing
own peculiarities, different behavior, and effect on the image.
The task of the video- level control algorithm is to maintain
the correct average luminance value of ... describe two
basic methods: mixing of images and hard switching between
images. Figure 12(a) depicts a soft switch between long- and
short-exposure images, where two images are mixed in a
transition...
... EURASIP Journal on ImageandVideoProcessing 3
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 1: Examples of images from minimally invasive medical procedures showing specular highlights. (a) Laparoscope imageof the
appendix, ... ives.
4 EURASIP Journal on ImageandVideo Processing
(a) (b)
Figure 3: Example of a colonoscopic image before and after median filtering.
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Figure 4: Illustration of the area that is used ... transition between c(x)
and c
sm
(x). Figure 5 illustrates the approach by showing the
relevant images and masks.
10 EURASIP Journal on ImageandVideo Processing
Table 3: Performance of the colour channel...
... respect to the center ofimage (a); (d) rectangular axis-oriented patch on polar
image; (e) transformation of the image (d) and its patch o nto the origin al image; (f) examples of rectangular patches ... detector; final detections of (g, h) bare heads andof hard hats
(i, j).
EURASIP Journal on ImageandVideoProcessing 7
True detections (66%)
(a) (b) (c)
False detections out of scale (24%)
False ... unreliable.
Most of the other head detectors approaches that do not
rely on shapes, exploit color features (ty p ically of hair and
EURASIP Journal on ImageandVideoProcessing 3
Domain-specific
video surveillance
Context
knowledge
extraction
Context
models
purpose
models
(A.1)
(A.2)
(A.3)
(B.1)
(B.2)...
... images
correspond to face images and 7,000 images and their mirror
images correspond to nonface images. Furthermore, 1, 000
and 3, 000 face and nonface images, respectively, and their
mirror images are used ... [33] and its mirror images. Ole Jensen dataset
consists of 15, 000 gray-scale images of size 24
× 24 pixels,
where 5, 000 images are for frontal faces and 10,000 images
correspond to nonface images. ... evaluation.
Therefore, the training dataset consisted of 9, 916 face images
and 17,872 nonface images of 24
× 24 pixels, and same
number, but nonoverlapping, face and nonface images are
used for the evaluation...