greenhouse gases and food security in low income countries
báo cáo sinh học:" Health workforce skill mix and task shifting in low income countries: a review of recent evidence" pptx
... [18-20] Task shifting, including the development of new professional cadres, has been occurring for decades in both high -income countries (e.g in the USA, see Hooker) and low- income countries, but ... workers being trained in one year in vocational schools in Ethiopia, to assistant medical officers being trained in obstetrics in Mozambique, to physician assistants being trained in the United ... to increase productive efficiency and reduce the time needed to scale up, resulting in increased patient access and a reduction in health worker training and wage bill costs Task shifting includes...
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TOWARDS BETTER LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT IN HEALTH: REPORT ON AN INTERNATIONAL CONSULTATION ON STRENGTHENING LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT IN LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES potx
... strengthening leadership and management This includes: o supporting countries, with a focus on low- income countries, in using the framework and documenting how leadership and management strengthening ... strengthening health leadership and management in lowincome countries; • recommendations on actions (for WHO and others) to further strengthen health leadership and management in low- income countries ... Goals (also available in French) Working paper Improving Health System Financing in Low- Income Countries (forthcoming) Working paper Opportunities for Global Health Initiatives in the Health Systems...
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ISYP Journal on Science and World Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2005 45-60 © 2005 Magdalena Kropiwnicka Biotechnology and food security in developing countries
... Redefining food security and debunking agro-industry myths 47 48 ISYP Journal on Science and World Affairs, Vol 1, No 1, 2005 The concept of food security has been undergoing many changes during ... come into the forefront in the assessment and accounting for today’s food security It is within this context that M S Swaminathan has proposed a comprehensive definition of food security in preparation ... developing countries to support actions aimed at protecting biodiversity and indigenous knowledge Biotechnology and food security in developing countries The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety According...
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Organic Agriculture and Food Security in Africa pot
... Agriculture and Food Security in Africa widely recognized as increasing food security in this context, particularly in rain fed agricultural 39 produced per farm leads to household food security ... technology and knowledge to produce it, and who has Box shows the factors contributing to food insecurity in Africa, both natural and those caused 12 13 14 15 Organic Agriculture and Food Security in ... land and water degradation is increasingly posing a threat to food security and the increased production and more imports will mean per capita consumption will increase by 2015, a person living...
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báo cáo sinh học:" Public-private partnerships to build human capacity in low income countries: findings from the Pfizer program" docx
... resources planning; communication or marketing plan development Mentoring; training NGO staff; teaching students; educating community members Writing or revising Standard Operating Procedures ... careful selection, training, and matching of Fellows to Organizations Other problems generally contributing to the lack of success in achieving Fellowship goals included: ▪ The Fellow did not have ... of addressing social problems while also furthering the company's strategic interests and expanding core business [13] Strengthening health services in poor countries is an area where interdependent...
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Báo cáo y học: "Further benefits by early start of HIV treatment in low income countries: Survival estimates of early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy" potx
... estimate the life years gained with early and late treatment strategies in low income countries In the absence of randomized clinical trials, we model life years gained by using best available evidence ... bias and report net life years gained from different starting strategies in order to provide adequate information to make a rational clinical decision on this issue in a low income setting Our ... systematically Life years gained by different CD4 starting points is necessary information for making informed choices about early or late start of treatment Studies in low income countries have found...
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báo cáo khoa học: " The growing caseload of chronic life-long conditions calls for a move towards full selfmanagement in low-income countries" ppsx
... highest in low and middle income countries [21] Abegunde et al calculated that chronic diseases were responsible for around 50% of the total disease burden in 23 selected low and middle income countries ... Improving the prevention and management of chronic disease in low- income and middle -income countries: a priority for primary health care Lancet 2008, 372:940-949 16 Busse R, Blümel M, Schell-Kreinsen ... The burden and costs of chronic diseases in low- income and middleincome countries Lancet 2007, 370:1929-1938 van Olmen et al Globalization and Health 2011, 7:38 http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/7/1/38...
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protecting the poor; global financial institutions and the vulnerability of low-income countries (the hague; fondad, 2005)
... developing countries, disaggregated into low- income countries, small low- income countries (the former group excluding countries with a population above 100 million people), and middle -income countries ... IMF in Low- Income Countries Jan Derk Brilman, Irene Jansen and Ernst van Koesveld Exit Strategies from Fund Financing The Fund’s Signaling Role in Low- Income Countries The IMF and Debt Sustainability ... role in pushing for crossborder liberalisation in both developed and developing countries In From: Protecting the Poor - Global Financial Institutions and the Vulnerability of Low- Income Countries...
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FOOD SECURITY IN PRACTICE Social Accounting Matrices and Multiplier Analysis pptx
... the other hand, Figure Circular flow of income in the multiplier process Increase in agricultural exports s A Ind s Increase in agricultural linkages A Increase in nonagricultural B C linkages 14 ... Accounting Matrices and Multiplier Analysis Increase in factor incomes and employment Tax leakage Increase in household incomes and Import leakage Government Rest of world changes in exogenous demand ... Backward linkages Indirect linkages Forward linkages Food Security in Practice 13 products The size of consumption linkages depends on various factors, including the share of factor income distributed...
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báo cáo hóa học: " Initial validation of the Argentinean Spanish version of the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales in children and adolescents with chronic diseases: acceptability and comprehensibility in low-income settings" pdf
... Cardiopathies 6Poverty line is calculated according to total income, and number and age of people in the household, as per National Institute of Statistics and Census (INDEC) guidelines ical and psychosocial ... The Argentinean Spanish version of the PedsQL™ 4.0 showed good construct and discriminant validity properties in this low- income setting, making this instrument suitable for research use In order ... cognitive interviews was carried out in 30 children and parents and confirmed that the final Argentinean Spanish PedsQL™ was understandable and conceptually equivalent to the original instrument...
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DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 1
... each low income country in the application of the DSF and borrowing from the IMF, it is necessary that these be conducted in a collaborative and transparent manner by the two institutions working ... allocate funds for low- income countries taking into account both “need” and “performance.” Country performance is to be assessed using the CPIA comprised of four clusters accounting for 80 percent ... - replacing foregone credit reflows through additional donor financing, reducing the concessionality of IDA credits, and levying upfront charges on grant recipients Additional financing by donors...
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DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 2
... Allen and Gobind Nankani, IMF and IDA, February 3, 2004 Debt Sustainability and Financing Terms in IDA 14, IDA, June 2004 turn is dependent among other things on the CPIA done for each borrowing ... (grant and or credit) is tied to the Performance Based Allocation (PBA) system used by IDA which in Debt Sustainability in Low Income Countries: Proposal for an Operational Framework and Policy ... the Boards of the World Bank and IMF in February and March 2004 and by the Development Committee in April Following these discussions and endorsement of the general principles of the framework,...
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DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 3
... reiterate that the principal objective of the framework is to assist low- income countries maintain sustainable debt levels and reduce the risk to IDA of debt problems in the countries in which IDA will ... distress and the debt thresholds for the chosen indicators are policy decisions that need to be made Footnote 19 in “Debt Sustainability in Low Income Countries by Mark Allen and Gobind Nankani, ... stock indicator and the debt service ratio are the two indicators used in the DSF to assess debt distress of the low income countries The second step is to assess how the indicators fare in relation...
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DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 4
... Bank allocates funds for low- income countries taking into account both “need” and “performance.” The CPIA is an important input in calculating a country’s performance rating In order to establish ... external debt; and management and sustainability of the development program; • Structural policies, including trade policy and foreign exchange regime; financial stability and depth; banking sector ... governance in the ICP rating from 67 to 60 percent while increasing the average per capita allocation of IDA funds to countries in the bottom quintile by about one-third When examining the possibility...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 5 docx
... again raises equity concerns that it is intended to address Financing of Grants Grant financing during IDA 14 will compromise the future viability of IDA as credit reflows are financing an increasing ... maintaining the principle that prevailed during IDA 13 that grant funds will be available for IDA only countries, a grant allocation will not be possible Instead, the combination of IBRD loan and ... 50 years including a grace period of 10 years, changed in 1987 Since then, the repayment period for IDA only countries has been shortened to 40 years and 35 years for blend countries In each case...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 6 docx
... again raises equity concerns that it is intended to address Financing of Grants Grant financing during IDA 14 will compromise the future viability of IDA as credit reflows are financing an increasing ... maintaining the principle that prevailed during IDA 13 that grant funds will be available for IDA only countries, a grant allocation will not be possible Instead, the combination of IBRD loan and ... adequate level is a more certain way of partly meeting the financing needs brought about by reduced reflows Levying no charge is contrary to the IDA practice of recovering administrative expenses from...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 7 ppt
... shortterm debt to international reserves Indicators of fiscal vulnerability should also be estimated for all low income countries The PBA System Debt Sustainability in Low Income Countries: Further ... Concerns and Issues Debt Sustainability Framework There are several concerns relating to the DSFs that need to be kept in mind and taken account of in determining a country’s strategy for mobilizing ... be implemented calling for higher volumes of concessional lending and grants Given the importance of DSAs for each low income country in the application of the DSF and borrowing from the IMF,...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 8 doc
... grant-dependent during IDA 14 Since more countries will find themselves increasingly reliant on external grant financing, the international financial institutions (IFIs) project that the demand for grants could ... international community, in general, and IDA, in particular, to allocate credits and grants to low- income countries in ways that foster debt sustainability and achievement of the MDGs Recommendations ... Thresholds and Indicators 65 Low income countries that exceed the debt thresholds will find that their capacity to borrow will decline There are 34 countries that will be grant-dependent during IDA...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 9 pptx
... long and short-term debt Debt Burden Ratios a) The total debt outstanding to GDP or GNI ratio compares the amount of disbursed debt outstanding to the size of the economy b) The total debt outstanding ... total debt outstanding to exports of goods and non-factor services ratio measures the ability of the country to repay its debt in a single year from its earnings from goods and non-factor services ... non-factor services c) Public debt outstanding to GDP or GNI ratio compares the total of domestic and external outstanding to the size of the economy Present Value Indicators a) The Present Value of...
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Tài liệu DEBT SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : POLICY AND RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS - Part 10 doc
... Matthew Martin in Africa Report, NSI, 2002 11 Debt Sustainability in Low Income Countries, Allen and Nankani, IMF & IDA, February 2004 12 Debt Sustainability and Financing Terms in IDA 14, IDA, ... diversified and competitive financial sectors that include insurance, equity and debt finance and non-bank savings institutions An independent agency or agencies effectively regulate banks and non-banks ... present nominal scores The following tables present the World Bank’s aggregated performance ratings of low- income borrowing governments relative to one another While the letter grades and the quintiles...
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