... cells is compet-ent in ATP synthesis, despite its unusual and uniquemembrane-embedded motor. This isthe starting pointfor a detailed analysis ofthe stucture and function of the rotor ofthe ... specific ATPase activity ofthe complete enzymewas inthe range 5–9.9 UÆmg)1protein, depending on the batch. This isinthe same range as the one deter-mined previously with the incomplete enzyme ... twohairpins [20]. Most important, the ion-binding site is not conserved in hairpin 1. If one assumes the samenumber of hairpins in V0and F0, the rotor of V1V0-ATPases has only half the...
... andC-terminal helices ofthe c ring, respectively. The C-terminal helices show a clear handedness, and two of the rings face inthe opposite direction in the membrane to the other two, forming the same patternas ... one ofthe negative charges on the ring and thus keeps the ring in place [34–36]. How-ever, the system is not stiff but instead the ring idles in front ofthe positive charge. This site is accessible ... rotor. The stator isformed by subunits aand b2, and the rotor isformed from multiple copies of subunit c. They form an oligomeric ring of non-covalently linked subunits, and rotation of the...
... from the thiazoliumring ofthe cofactor to the surface ofthe protein. The entrance ofthe active site cleft is covered by the C-terminalhelix and this part ofthe polypeptide chain must move in order ... structure of the corresponding intermediatein transketolase [37] and the model derived for ScPDC [38] (Fig. 6). Inthe immediatevicinity ofthe modelled a-carbanion/enamine, there are anumber of invariant ... conformational changes duringcatalysis, and these structural features explain the lack of substrateactivationinZmPDC.InIPDC,theassemblyof the subunits inthe tetramer resembles that of ZmPDCrather than ScPDC....
... lacA is also detected in the presence of these compounds, but inthe presence of D-xyloseand xylan as well. This can be explained by the structure of the polysaccharides. Xylan contains single ... consists of 99%D-galactose and0.3%L-arabinose and is predominantly linear. Potatoarabinogalactan consists of 86%D-galactose and 6.6%L-arabinose, while soy arabinogalactan consists of ... control ofthe xylanolytic activator protein [32,41]. The increase in expression levels of galA inthe CREA mutant,indicates that at least one ofthe detected putative CREAbinding sites in the...
... pUZ8002 bearing the cosmidwith oriT and the S. coelicolor DdesA mutant, single cross-over exconjugants were screened for kanamycin resistance.Kanamycin-resistant colonies were isolated and analysed ... for the treatment of iron overload duringmetabolic alterations in humans. Initial work on the biosynthesisof desferrioxamine B in S. pilosus indica-ted that the first step inthe desferrioxamine ... RT-PCRanalysis, and there is overlapping ofthe desB transla-tion termination triplet with the ATG of desC and also of desC and desD (so-called translational coupling);moreover, there are no intergenic...
... additional genes encoding other proteinsimplicated inthebiosynthesisofthe aminonucleoside moiety of A201A. Here we report the sequencing of a total of 6946 bp, which include the ata genes most ... unit to the ketosynthetasedomain ofthe PKSs for polyketide biosynthesis [35].Therefore, AtaPKS1 could be an acyltransferase, whichshould be implicated inthebiosynthesisofthe A201Apolyketide ... Saccharopolyspora erythraea ,the erythromycin-producing organism, has permitted the isola-tion of Streptomyces antibioticus genes implicated in oleandomycin biosynthesis [40].Gene analyses and enzymatic assays...
... organization of the information - Infer and/or predict - Paraphrasing/Translating - Exemplifying, comparing and contrasting, and classifying - Intermediate Skimming, Surveying - Intermediate ... Summarize the text above within 70 words (Intermediate Skimming and Surveying) Q4: On the same chart, use two lines to present the supply and the demand inthe two tables above. Is there any intersection ... primarily involved recalling and understanding the provided information (lower-level of cognitive domain, Bo-Linn [1]) and left a large gap on applying, analyzing, synthesizing, evaluating and...
... topromote the transfer ofthe p-HB moiety ontoPKS15 ⁄ 1 [16,18].To examine the involvement of FadD29 inthe bio-synthesis of DIMs and PGLs, we took advantage of the existence inthe laboratory ofan ... addition, the possibleredundancy of these proteins inthe activation of the various intermediates in DIM and PGL biosynthesis has not been analyzed. This study was undertaken todissect the roles of ... this progress in our knowledge ofthe bio-synthesis of DIMs and PGLs, thein vivo functions of these FadD proteins in this pathway remain to beestablished and ⁄ or completed. For instance, the involvement...
... therefore of interest with respect to under-standing the mode of assembly and pinpointing the mechanism by which metals guide the path of aggre-gation away from the fibrillar trail. The present investigation ... morphologically distin-guish aggregates formedinthe presence of Cu2+fromthose formedinthe presence of Zn2+.Taken together, these results suggest that Ab aggre-gates formedinthe presence of Cu2+or ... assembled, the N-terminal metal-binding region ofthe peptide will be in close proximityto both the C-terminal and turn residues, possiblyinterfering with these regions. This explains how an altered...
... patients. To investigate the function of the glycosyltransferase enzymes involved inthebiosynthesisof lipooligosaccha-ride of M. catarrhalis and to gain some insight into the mechanism of sero-type ... irradiatingeach ofthe anomeric signals in turn to obtain the 1H chemicals shifts ofthe corresponding remainingring protons. Again, assignment ofthe Kdo residuewas possible from examination of ... being retained at the terminal position of the (1 fi 4) chain. Additionally, the MS sugar analysisclearly indicated the absence ofthe GlcNAc residue.Instead, inthe absence of Lgt4 and Lgt5, a glucose...
... althoughweakly, on the geranylgeranyl group of GGGP andGGPP. These facts strongly suggest the involvement of the enzyme, A. fulgidus GGR, inthebiosynthesis of membrane lipids.ResultsRecombinant expression ... biosynthesisof isoprenoid compounds, such asarcheal membrane lipids and respiratory quinones. On the other hand, phytyl diphosphate produced by plantGGR is actually used inthebiosynthesisof ... clearly indica-ting that menaquinone and ubiquinone are not prefer-able substrates for the enzyme [21]. These factsstrongly suggest the involvement ofthe enzyme, GGR, in thebiosynthesisof membrane...
... kDa) and the transposon is inserted intoTable 2. Identity between the accessory proteins of T. roseopersicina and the corresponding proteins from other organisms.OrganismT. roseopersicinaHupK ... roseopersicina and to understand their physio-logical roles. The determination ofthe specificity of the accessory proteins is a challenging exercise in this micro-organism because ofthe presumed ... the processing ofthe HupL subunit [15]. It is plausible toassume that HynD is involved inthe maturation of the HynL protein. Indeed, inthe strain harboring the Tn5transposon-inactivated...
... andapplications. In Proceedings ofthe 40th Anniver-sary Meeting ofthe ACL.R. Dale and P. Mazur. 2006. Local semantics in the interpretation of temporal expressions. In Proceed-ings ofthe ... is then tocompute as much ofthe semantic content of a tem-poral expression as can be determined on the basis of the expression itself, producing an intermediate partial representation ofthe ... as violating the strong separation; rather, wedistinguish the two steps ofthe process in terms of the extent to which they make use of contextual in- formation in computing values. Then, recognitionis...
... variantand that the lower fitness ofthe recombinant virus can notbe increased by pre-passaging in cell culture. The observedsurvival time ofthe recTULV inthe presence of the Monitoring of ... recombinant would have fair chances tosurvive. The existence of wt recombinant strains of TULV[10] supports this way of reasoning. Evidence for the recombination inthe hantavirus evolution continues ... in a hypothetical in vivo situation, from one rodentto another. If transmission is performed in a sampling-like fashion – and this seems to be the case for hantavi-ruses [13] – the recombinant...