flow fields for unsteady
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Conditional Random Fields for Word Hyphenation" docx
... available for choosing values for these parameters. For En-glish we use the parameters reported in (Liang,1983). For Dutch we use the parameters reportedin (Tutelaers, 1999). Preliminary informal ... positives) for the TEX algorithm.370Figure 1: Total letter-level error rate and serious letter-level error rate for different values of threshold for the CRF. The left subfigures are for the ... of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 366–374,Uppsala, Sweden, 11-16 July 2010.c2010 Association for Computational LinguisticsConditional Random Fields for Word HyphenationNikolaos...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Improving the Scalability of Semi-Markov Conditional Random Fields for Named Entity Recognition" pdf
... decreasing theoverall performance.We next evaluate the effect of filtering, chunkinformation and non-local information on finalperformance. Table 6 shows the performance re-sult for the recognition ... and the former was used as the trainingdata and the latter as the development data. For semi-CRFs, we used amis3 for training the semi-CRF with feature-forest. We used GENIA taggar4 for POS-tagging ... structure for propagating non-local information in advance.In a recent study by Finkel et al., (2005), non-local information is encoded using an indepen-dence model, and the inference is performed...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Semi-Supervised Conditional Random Fields for Improved Sequence Segmentation and Labeling" pdf
... and therefore the diag-onal terms in the conditional covariance are justlinear feature expectationsas before. For the off diagonal terms, , however,we need to develop a new algorithm. Fortunately, for ... ma-trix form. For each position in the observationsequence, define the matrix randomvariable bywhereHere is the edge with labels andis the vertex with label . For each index define the for- ward ... idea, we assume that thedependencies of , conditioned on , form aMarkov chain.Define one feature for each state pair ,and one feature for each state-observation pair, which we express with indicator...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Using Conditional Random Fields For Sentence Boundary Detection In Speech" potx
... an-notated according to the guideline used for the train-ing and test data (Strassel, 2003). For BN, we usethe training corpus for the LM for speech recogni-tion. For CTS, we use the Penn Treebank ... probabilities for each word boundary, which are then combinedfrom the posteriors from the previous step,i.e.,.The features used for the CRF are the same asthose used for the Maxent model devised for ... sources inan attempt to achieve good performance for sentenceboundary detection. Note that we have not fully op-timized each modeling approach. For example, for the HMM, using discriminative training...
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an introduction to conditional random fields for relational learning
... and Jerod Weinman for helpful conversations, and we thankFrancine Chen and Benson Limketkai for useful comments. This work was supportedin part by the Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval; ... the formΨA(xA, yA) = expkθAkfAk(xA, yA), (1.3) for some real-valued parameter vector θA, and for some set of feature functions orsufficient statistics {fAk}. This form ... be useful for certain tasks in information extraction andespecially bioinformatics.General CRFs have also been applied to several tasks in NLP. One promisingapplication is to performing multiple...
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hidden conditional random fields for gesture recognition
... [9] used a CRF model for the task of image region label-ing. Torralba et al. [24] introduced Boosted Random Fields, a model that combines local and global image information for contextua l object ... Comparisons of recognition performance (percentage ac-curacy) for head gestures.set in a similar fashion.6. Results and Discussion For the training process, the CRF models for the arm andhead gesture ... distribution o f states for different ges-ture classes learned by the best performing model (multi-class HCRF). This graph was obtained by compu ting theViterbi path for each sequence (i.e....
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conditional random fields for object recognition
... results for the multi-class experiments. Notice that random perfor-mance for the animal data set would be 25 % across the diagonal. The model exhibitsbest performance for the Leopard data set, for ... an edge (j, k) in the graph E.Assuming that the edges in E form a tree, and that Ψ takes the form in Eq. 4, then exactmethods exist for inference and parameter estimation in the model. This follows ... for inference and parameter estimation in the model, for exampleusing belief propagation. If E contains cycles then approximate methods, such as loopy belief-propagation, may be necessary for...
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training conditional random fields for maximum labelwise accuracy
... Science DepartmentStanford UniversityStanford, CA, USAolga@cs.stanford.eduChuong B. DoComputer Science DepartmentStanford UniversityStanford, CA, USAchuongdo@cs.stanford.eduSerafim BatzoglouComputer ... prediction.Training Conditional Random Fields for MaximumLabelwise AccuracySamuel S. GrossComputer Science DepartmentStanford UniversityStanford, CA, USAssgross@cs.stanford.eduOlga RussakovskyComputer ... risk directly. For binary classifiers, Jan-sche showed that an algorithm designed to optimize F-measure performance of a logistic regressionmodel for information extraction outperforms maximum...
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Cash Rules: Learn & Manage the 7 Cash-Flow Drivers for Your Company''''s Success_1 pot
... ABCs of Cash Flow 1Chapter 1: Cash Rules 3Why Cash Flow Is Important • Profitability versus Cashflowability• Cash Is King • What Is Cash Flow? • Team Cash Flow Chapter 2: Cash -Flow Language ... is what I call cashflowability—the excess ofcash flowing into the business over cash flowing out. It is quitepossible, and even common, for profitable businesses to be cash- flow disasters. Revenue ... operating cash flows, financ-ing cash flows and investing cash flows. But for the moment,the basic definition will serve. One other important issue at thisearly stage of understanding cash flow is...
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Cash Rules: Learn & Manage the 7 Cash-Flow Drivers for Your Company''''s Success_2 doc
... to generate a flow of cashinto the indefinite future. The greater that flow and the lowerthe risk to the flow, and the higher the growth rate of the flow, the greater will be the flow s present ... business will undergo avaluation process for some purpose—maybe for estate orother tax reasons, perhaps for sale or merger purposes, or(though hopefully not) for divorce or bankruptcy reasons.Whether ... THREE: CASH FLOW AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT. This sectionconsists of four forward-looking chapters that use the sevencash drivers as the basis for describing, testing and fine-tun-ing plans for growing...
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Cash Rules: Learn & Manage the 7 Cash-Flow Drivers for Your Company''''s Success_3 docx
... actualpayment for these transactions is not particularly important for balance-sheet and income-statement design. Cash -flow state-ments are where we deal with the payment realities.Other Cash -Flow Formats ... incomeon the UCA cash -flow format. When this operating cash -flow number is reduced by capital expenditures, the result isreferred to as free cash flow. That term is worth noting for itscontent value ... cash -flow information have to dowith time horizons. First, balance-sheet dollar figures for itemssuch as inventory and accounts receivable give importantinsights into likely near-term cash flows....
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Cash Rules: Learn & Manage the 7 Cash-Flow Drivers for Your Company''''s Success_4 pot
... industries,there are rule-of-thumb valuation formulas, but such formu-las are ultimately proxies for expectations as to discountedcash flows. In some ways, therefore, this chapter is not justSSales ... sheet and therefore says nothingabout operational flows. For that we must go to the cash -flow 70|The current ratiois rooted in thepoint-in-time valuesof the balance sheetand therefore saysnothing ... bankruptcy.The Ultimate Cash -Flow Risk: BankruptcyWhen a business’s cash flow continues to be too muchout and not enough in, the result can be the needto file for formal bankruptcy. Chapter...
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Cash Rules: Learn & Manage the 7 Cash-Flow Drivers for Your Company''''s Success_5 pptx
... business world on cash flow in general and its relationshipto sales growth in particular, companies often tend to listen tothe cash -flow words without hearing the cash -flow message. For many people ... uncritically for volume—not even for profitable vol-ume. You must first pay careful attention to the cash effects ofyour growth rate. Growth takes cash and there is a balancepoint for growth, ... for growth, a point of cash -flow sustainability at which anorganization can continue to grow indefinitely. And so, for sus-tainability, you will want to depend for fuel on a combination90|Rapid...
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- english for tourism and hospitality
- elementary english for tourism
- elementary english for hospitality
- flow network models for word alignment
- dynamic conditional random fields for jointly labeling multiple sequences
- cash flow statements for dummies
- understanding cash flow statements for dummies
- training conditional random fields for maximum labelwise accuracy
- scaling conditional random fields for natural language processing
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