... decoding, convolution, automatic frequency-, power- and gain-
control” [3], and all of them done in a triband phone with TDMA, CDMA,
and analog signal processing! The mobile phone is just an example ... high and as
large as 35 km in rural areas. The size and shape of each cell is determined by
the radiation pattern and the power output of the antenna (and is not hexagonal
of equal shape and size) ... from the mobile phone and
receiving by the BTS lie in the band 890–915 MHz, and the frequencies for
transmitting from the BTS and receiving by the mobile phone lie in the band
935–960 MHz. But...
... Digital Signal Processing,
Addison-Wesley, 1989.
7. S. S. Soliman and M. D. Srinath, Continuous and Discrete Signals and Systems,
Prentice-Hall, 1990.
8. L. R. Rabiner and B. Gold, Theory and Application ... digital signal
processing is found in hearing aids and cardiac pacemakers.
5. Image Processing. Image enhancement, image restoration, image under-
standing, computer vision, radar and sonar processing, ... filters:
1. Transition bands much smaller than what can be achieved from analog fil-
ters; an example would be a lowpass filter with a bandwidth of 5000 Hz
and a passband ripple of 0.5 dB, and 100 dB attenuation...
... the processing element at the top left-hand
corner wanting to send a message to the processing element at the bottom right
hand corner in Figure 1.16 must pass through several intermediate processing
elements.
Please ... first join attribute exists in Table 1
and Table 2, and the second join attribute exists in Table 2 and Table 3, and the last
join attribute exists in Table 3 and Table 4. Therefore, these join operations ... These include data warehousing and online analytic
processing (OLAP) applications, data mining, genome databases, and multiple
media databases manipulating unstructured and semistructured data. Therefore,
it...
... each processing
element may not be balanced, and this is called processing skew. Note that even
when data skew may not exist at the start of the processing, skew may exist at a
later stage of processing. ... element, and so
on. Once the last processing element has obtained a record, the record distribution
will start again in the first processing element. At the end of data distribution,
each processing ... important factor in paral-
lel database query processing. Therefore, understanding skew modeling is a critical
part of understanding parallel database query processing. In Section 2.4, basic cost
calculation...
... Iyer and Dias (ICDE 1990) and DeWitt et al.
(1992) discuss systems issues in parallel database sorting.
Parallel sorting for databases uses external sorting methods. Yamane and Take
(1987) and ... partitionings for parallel join and the local
join processing.
5.4.1 Cost Models for Divide and Broadcast
It is assumed that the tables have already been partitioned and placed in each pro-
cessor. ... be different, and after the buckets are cre-
ated bucket placement and arrangement are performed to make the workload of
the three processors balanced. For example, buckets A; B,andG go to processor
1,...
... the join
query result and the product of the two tables R and S. For example, if there are
100 and 200 records from table R and table S, respectively, and the join between
R and S produces 50 records, ... PARALLEL JOIN OPTIMIZATION
The main aim of query processing in general and parallel query processing in par-
ticular is to speed up the query processing time, so that the amount of elapsed time
may ... Groupby-after-join Query Processing 149
and p300–399 are distributed to processors 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively.
This partitioning function is applied to both Parts and Shipment tables.
Consequently,...
... processors, and FRI-1 replicates the
whole index. Since extra benefits of PRI-1 and FRI-1 are not obvious, at least in
parallel one-index search query processing, maintaining global index as in PRI-1
and ... item 33 can be deleted.
7.5. Compare the storage size of parallel indexes using the NRI-1 scheme and the NRI-2
scheme. Also compare the storage size of NRI-1 and NRI-3 schemes.
7.6. Using the PRI-1 ... context of parallel search and join query processing.
7.7.1 Comparative Analysis of Parallel Search Index
In this section, parallel one-index and multi-index search query processing are
examined,...
... σ
p
stands for restriction and ð
p
for join operation.
P2
P1
P4
P5
P3
R1
R3
R2
R4
processing
node 4
processing
node 3
processing
node 3
processing
node 2
processing
node 3
processing
node 4
processing
node ... relations, namely
R
1
; R
2
; R
3
,andR
4
, located at processing nodes 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively.
Associated with each node are its processing node, processing method, and the
estimated execution ... buckets: 11, 13, 22,
23, 32 and 33, and 3 processors), load balancing is achieved by spreading and
combining partitions to create more equal loads. For example, buckets 11, 22
and 23 are placed at processor...
... data at local sites for efficient
access, and fast processing of data by divide -and- conquer technique, and at times
distributed processing is computationally and economically cheaper. It is easy to
monitor ... ST
12
. Since both transactions need to access DB
2
and DB
3
, the subtransactions
would be (ST
12
and ST
13
)and( ST
22
and ST
23
)forT
1
and T
2
, respectively.
Data access must be synchronized ... (ICDE 2006 and DAPD 2006) examined resource
scheduling for grid query processing considering machine load and availability. Li
et al. (DKE 2004) proposed an on-demand synchronization and load distribution
for...
... Grid-ACP and early-abort Grid-ACP is to deal with autonomy and
heterogeneity between sites. Because of autonomy, synchronous communication
between the originator and participants is not possible, and ... protocol, and
explain how it solves the concurrency issues in the Grid.
11.5. Compare and contrast the difference between GCC and any other concurrency control
protocols (e.g., distributed databases and ... originator, and two new
states, the sleep and compensate states, are introduced in the participant’s state dia-
gram. The subtransaction will enter the “sleep” state when it has finished execution
and...
... clustering, outliers, etc. However, this book focuses on database and
database processingand considers data mining processes from a database processing
perspective. It covers commonly used data mining ... parallel data mining (Chapters 16 and 17) is twofold:
High-Performance Parallel Database Processingand Grid Databases,
by David Taniar, Clement Leung, Wenny Rahayu, and Sushant Goel
Copyright 2008 ... T D 0, DB
1
, DB
4
and DB
5
(Y
in Fig. 14.2) being the chosen replicas for the quorum. At T D 1, DB
4
decides to
abort and DB
1
and DB
5
decide to commit the subtransaction and hence are in the
sleep...
... candidate generation. The table gives fre-
quent 3-sequences, and we would like to use the joining and pruning to create
candidate 4-sequences.
By joining the first sequence <(1 2) (3)> and ... Outline the main differences between:
a. Querying and association rules,
b. Querying and sequential patterns,
c. Querying and clustering, and
d. Querying and classification.
Use examples to highlight ... of
these candidate itemsets, and prunes all infrequent candidate 2-itemsets.
Ž
In the third iteration, it again joins each of the frequent 2-itemsets and generates the
following potential candidate...
... frequency bands:
band 1 is low-pass and covers 0 Hz to 80 Hz; band 2 is band-pass and covers
80 Hz to 3 kHz; band 3 is high-pass and covers above 3 kHz; and band 4 is
also high-pass and covers ...
A
LEXANDER
S.T. (1986) Adaptive Signal Processing Theory and
Applications. Springer-Verlag, New York.
D
AVENPORT
W.B. and R
OOT
W.L. (1958) An Introduction to the Theory of
Random Signals and ... andprocessing
noise. Noise can cause transmission errors and may even disrupt a
communication process; hence noise processing is an important part of
modern telecommunication and signal processing...
... terms and in terms of probability functions. Bayesian inference
theory provides a generalised framework for statistical processing of random
signals, and for formulating and solving estimation and ... SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS xxi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Signals and Information 2
1.2 Signal Processing Methods 3
1.2.1 Non−parametric Signal Processing 3
1.2.2 Model-Based Signal Processing ... theory and
applications of statistical signal processingand noise reduction methods.
This book is organised in 15 chapters.
Chapter 1 begins with an introduction to signal processing, and...