... [20]. The mid-
point potentials of these clusters are pH independent.
Hence, the properties ofthe iron–sulfur clusters present
in the catalytic coreof complex I seem to differ from
those ofthe ... clusters for
the electron transferfromthe [Ni-Fe] centre. In this
context the analysis ofthe EchF8 mutant is of partic-
ular interest. In this mutant the spin concentration of
the proximal ... an
essential part ofthe proton translocating machinery
which delivers protons to proton transfer pathways
formed within the membrane part. The protons
required for H
2
formation at the active site...
... a head -to- tail configuration,
bringing the FMN of one monomer in close proximity
to the Fe-Fe site ofthe other monomer. It is therefore
likely, though not proven yet, that the dimer is the
functional ... 1.
Reduction of FlRd by flavorubredoxin reductase
Spectral analysis of FlRd is complex due tothe partial
overlap ofthe optical contribution of its redox cofac-
tors. Figure 4 shows the absorption ... homology
modeling of FlRd-reductase (not shown) suggest: (a)
the presence ofthe residues competent to form
H-bonds with the ribose 2Â-OH and 3Â-OH groups of
NADH, and (b) the absence of a nest of positively
charged...
... [48].
Interaction of FNR with the NADP
+
coenzyme
and the hydride transfer event
Once the FAD cofactor of FNR has accepted two
electrons, they have to be transferred to NADP
+
. The
FNR protein ... covers the research carried out in recent years into differ-
ent aspects ofthe function ofthe flavoproteins involved in cyanobacterial
photosynthetic electron transferfrom photosystem I to NADP
+
, ... protonation – the N5 position.
Electron transferfrom PSI to
flavodoxin
Fd and Fld differ in size and in the chemical nature of
their redox cofactors. There is no sequence homology
between them,...
... O
2
); in the presence of an
electron donor, such as dithiothreitol (DTT), Fe
3+
catalyses the reduction of O
2
to H
2
O
2
, which is further
converted to OH
ã
by the Fenton reaction [18]. The
MCO ... periods of time
(Fig. 3). As shown, the addition of stressors tothe cul-
tures inhibits growth without killing the cells.
The hybridizing band in the northern analysis
showed the expected size of ... regu-
latory region ofthe bcp2 gene. A consensus sequence,
GGUG, with Shine–Dalgarno motifs ofthe Sulfolobus
species was observed upstream ofthe ATG start codon
[16]. The 5Â end ofthe bcp2...
... formed by the factor(s) binding
on the minor groove ofthe )148 to )124 region of
c-jun
To establish the nature of interaction b etween trans-acting
factor(s) and t he )148 to )124 r egion of c-jun,drugsthat
specifically ... 2004
The 5Â and 3Â deletion mutants of Jun-25 (Jun-25A a nd
Jun-25B, respectively) were used i n EMSA to establish
whether the interaction of rRLjunRP at the 3Â end of the
)148 to )124 region of ... and regenerating
rat liver with the )148 to )124 region of
c-jun
In order to establish w hether the factors p resent in rRNE-d
bind tothe )148 to )124 region of c-jun and form a complex
different...
... region very close tothe heat- transferring surfaceto break the
viscous sub-layer for augmenting theheattransfer and thecore flow should not be unduly disturbed to
limit the increase in friction ... used as the top broad wall ofthe test section whereas the upper walls of entry and exit
sections ofthe duct were made of 12 mm thick plywood. The absorber plate is heated fromthe top by
... increase in theheattransfer due to a gap is that the gap in the inclined rib
releases the air partly belonging tothe secondary flow and partly belonging tothe main flow through the
gap. As...
... activation of G-protein coupled
receptors on neurons, which open potassium channels to hyperpolarise their membranes. Opioids
dier in terms of their anity to bind tothe receptor sites, their ... psychosocial factors inuencing the experience of pain will include:
ã the patients understanding of their condition.
ã what the pain means tothe individual and their family.
ã how the pain may ... directed at physicians and other healthcare professionals who treat pain from cancer at any stage ofthe
disease with the hope of raising awareness ofthe types of therapies that may be appropriate...
... addition
of the cofactors. The enzyme is destabilized at low ionic
strength. The stability of EcIPDC in aqueous solutions is
higher than that of other PDCs. The rate constant of
inactivation of PDC from ... mechanism of cofactor binding as
Fig. 6. Progress curves ofthe reconstitution of EcIPDC with ThDP
measured by restoration ofthe catalytic activity ofthe formed holo-
enzyme for the substrate ... m
M
ThDP,
Fig. 1. Scheme ofthe postulated biosynthesis pathway of indole-3-acetate from
L
-tryptophan in E. cloacae including the keto-enol tautomerism of
indolepyruvate, modified according to Koga et al.[7].1,
L
-tryptophan...
... how they can most effectively
contribute tothe project. The key to successful delivery of projects is management. The
diagram below incorporates elements from all ofthe projects surveyed, from ... analog
sources, the physical materials themselves, or, in the case of born digital material, the
digital collections, rather than in response tothe nature ofthe available technology or
other pressures. ... in the mid-nineteenth century. In order
to have a retaining edge for the frame, the letters around the edge ofthe verso of each leaf
were covered, obscuring hundreds of letters from view. The...
... enable the enzymes to
release the products more easily, thus leading to the
observed increase in the k
cat
values of three ofthe vari-
ants. Similarly, the seven-fold higher k
cat
value of the
hyperactive ... affected
by the NaCl concentration, similar tothe surface
charge ofthe enzyme. The higher positive charge of
VsEndA therefore decreases K
m
, but this is a method
of coping with the charge shielding of ... [11]. The reason for the
small DT
m
may be linked tothe charged residues, as
the hydrophobic cores ofthe two enzymes are similar.
The extra salt bridges in the C-terminus of VcEndA
and the smaller...
... that
the stoichiometries ofthe Hg-bMT species become
dependent on t and X after t he forma tion of Hg
7
-bMT.
Comparison ofthe three sets of CD data indicates that the
degree of chirality ofthe ... this, there is a minor effect of
t and X at the b eginning and end o f the titration. Thus,
the addition ofthe first 4–6 of Hg(II) to apo-MT gives
rise to Hg-MT species of comparable stoichiometry ... provide information on the binding of Hg(II) to
the corresponding apo-MT form [23]. In a ddition, compar-
ison ofthe two sets of data gives an indication ofthe role of
Zn(II) in the Hg(II)-containing...
... of therapy to another statin is mainly on the
basis of side effects, or if the intended target value
of blood lipids cannot be reached. The other statins
marketed in Sweden, representing the ... remaining 17%
of the market share, are atorvastatin, rosuvastatin,
pravastatin, and uvastatin. Of these, atorvastatin is
the most common (14%); the other 3 are only used by
3% of those treated ...
adhere tothe treatment and to receive the full benets
of statin therapy.
The aims ofthe present study were:
ã to investigate adherence and side effects of statin
therapy in elderly patients...
... not only fromthecoreofthe network but fromthe application 711
layer as well, and positioned outside the network all together. 712
27
25 As opposed to taxation ofthe use ofthe Internet ...
complexity to communications. For most ofthe history ofthe telephone system, the called telephone (and thus the person
answering the phone) had no idea what the number ofthe caller was. Then the ... Internet, and of a loss of control by the 789
user. Whether one chooses to see these trends as a natural part ofthe growing up ofthe Internet 790
or the fencing ofthe West, they are happening....
... due to the
low level of (Hsf1p-directed) Hsp90 expression in these
cells [14,22].
To find whether heat activation ofthe Hsf1p CT
domain is defective in our strains expressing a single
Hsp90 isoform ... galactose plates. (B) Analysis ofthe levels of protein
tyrosine phosphorylation before (–) or 1 h after (+) transferof these
PP30[hHsp90a] and PP30[hHsp90b] transformants from glucose to
galactose ... has two isoforms of cytosolic Hsp90, one
constitutively expressed at high level (Hsc82) and the
other strongly heat- inducible (Hsp82) [7], these
most probably arose as the result ofthe ancestral
Keywords
chaperone...
... complete
loss of complex formation) results in the dissociation of the
dimers and the monomers are not able to bind tothe )148
to )124 region of c-jun.
This study thus provides an insight into the molecular
mechanisms ... )148 to )124 region
of c-jun in the presence of much higher excess of fragmented
calf thymus DNA to inspect the specificity ofthe interac-
tions between RLjunRP and the )148 to )124 region of
c-jun. ... reflect the biology of a normal cell. We
now report the identification of a positive regulatory factor
from normal rat liver that activates transcription from the
c-jun promoter by binding to the...