entropy and the desperate ingenuity of life
Lecture AP Biology Chapter 4 Carbon and the molecular diversity of life
... Pick up a copy of the “Functional Groups” chart on the back counter Use pages 64-65 to fill it out Chapter Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life You Must Know • The properties of carbon that ... important I Importance of Carbon • • • • Organic chemistry: branch of chemistry that specializes in study of carbon compounds Organic compounds: contain Carbon (& H) Major elements of life: CHNOPS Carbon ... complex, and diverse molecules II Diversity of Carbon It has valence electrons (tetravalence) It can form up to covalent bonds Most frequent bonding partners: H, O, N II Diversity of Carbon...
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Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics
... can these facts be reconciled? 18 ENTROPY AND THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS PERIODIC ENTROPY OF THE ELEMENTS ENTROPY OF THE ELEMENTS ENTROPY J K–1 mol–1 ATOMIC NUMBER In the ENTROPY OF THE ... the same hold true for entropy? Is entropy conserved? ENTROPY AND THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS THERMAL ENTROPY FUEL TO FUMES ENTROPY AND THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY ... configurational entropy The entropy of the water is configurationally increased by evaporation by the energy drawn from the ElC And since the water is part of the surroundings, the entropy of the surroundings...
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Information, Entropy, and the Origin of Life
... account for the diversity of life in the biosphere, it is generally recognized that the origin of life is one of the great unsolved mysteries in science (Radetsky1992; Wade 2000) At the heart of this ... described by the Second Law of Thermodynamics For them, the origin of life is nothing more or less than the emergence of sufficient biological information to enable a system of biopolymers to (1) store ... of life appears to be its capacity, through the use of information, to survive and exist in a nonequilibrium state, resisting the pull toward equilibrium that is described by the Second Law of...
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Đề tài " Entropy and the localization of eigenfunctions " docx
... controls the multiplicity and thus our degree of freedom in forming linear combinations of eigenfunctions The theorem only proves the positive entropy of ν0 when c is small enough On the other hand, ... · · ∩ g −n Pαn ) The existence of the limit, and the fact that it coincides with the inf follow from a subadditivity argument The entropy of ν0 with respect to the action of the geodesic flow ... determined by the following data: (i) the intervals (Ik )0≤k≤ N/n1 , (ii) the restriction of C to the union of the Ik s, (iii) the values of C outside the Ik s Let us count in each case the number of possibilities:...
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the tragic sense of life-ernst haeckel and the struggle over evolutionary thought
... Professor of the History of Science and Medicine at the University of Chicago Among his publications are Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Mind and Behavior, The Meaning of ... emphasized both the spiritual need of the individual freely to construct the self (an idea at the root of Schelling’s idealism) and the destiny of that self in an ancient and fabled fatherland (the mythical ... all of the major works of Humboldt, as well as a great many of the minor ones, and, of course, he always had Goethe by his side.15 The Aesthetic Science of Humboldt, Kant, Schelling, and Goethe...
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báo cáo hóa học: " Measuring health-related quality of life in Hungarian children with heart disease: psychometric properties of the Hungarian version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales and the Cardiac Module" pptx
... 5-18 years and 254 parents of children aged 2-18 years It was the mother who answered the questionnaire in 92.52% of the sample, and it was the father in 7.48% of the sample No parent in the patient ... questionnaire in 89.5% of the sample, it was the father in 4.57% of the sample, and it was someone else in 6.28% of the sample Distribution of all participants in terms of gender and age group is shown ... age range of children and adolescents from to 18 years of age The development, refinement and validation of the original instrument and linguistic validation to a number of European and other languages...
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báo cáo hóa học: " Development of the Knee Quality of Life (KQoL-26) 26-item questionnaire: data quality, reliability, validity and responsiveness" pptx
... time Some of the time All of the time Knee pain present at night: None of the time Some of the time All of the time Knee pain worse on movement: None of the time Some of the time All of the time ... randomised trials and clinical practice The lack of standardisation in the choice of instruments limits the generalisability of results Furthermore, of the five instruments included in the review that ... measures of health and quality of life [2] Only three of the five instruments that incorporate the views of patients have been adequately evaluated for reliability and validity Of these, the Knee...
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báo cáo hóa học: " Evaluating the reliability, validity and minimally important difference of the Taiwanese version of the diabetes quality of life (DQOL) measurement" potx
... scores for the DQOL and the D-39S and higher scores for the RAND-12 # PHC: physical health composite; MHC: mental health composite the RAND-12 the discriminative ability of the DQOL and the D-39S ... estimated a standard error of measurement (SEM) which accounts for reliability of the DQOL and standard deviation of patients under the investigation SEM was estimated by a standard deviation of the DQOL ... of the DQOL against the D-39S and the RAND-12 In general, domain scores of the DQOL were moderately correlated with the D-39S (except sexual functioning) and the RAND-12 PHC and MHC, with Pearson's...
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báo cáo hóa học: " The longitudinal link between visual acuity and health-related quality of life in patients with diabetic retinopathy" doc
... questionnaire is a short form of a 51-item survey designed to assess the influence of visual impairment on health-related quality of life (HRQL) The content of the original questionnaire was ... letters, another lost 39 letters, and the other 37 patients lost between 10 and 27 letters) Analyses comparing subgroups of patients with different levels of vision loss within this group of patients ... Diabetologia 2001, 44(2):156-163 The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Research Group: The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications...
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báo cáo hóa học: " The responsiveness of the uterine fibroid symptom and health-related quality of life questionnaire (UFS-QOL)" doc
... symptoms of menorrhagia and metrorrhagia, bulk symptoms of pressure, heaviness or discomfort in the pelvic area, back, flank, or leg, and urinary frequency It is the existence and level of bother of ... Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2008, 6:99 Background Uterine leiomyoma, or uterine fibroids (UF), are the most common neoplasms of the female pelvis, occurring in 20– 25% of women of reproductive ... developed to evaluate the symptoms of uterine fibroids and their impact on HRQL The UFS-QOL has been used in a number of studies of uterine fibroid treatment, including studies of uterine artery...
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Báo cáo hóa học: "The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) family impact module: reliability and validity of the Brazilian version" pdf
... Page of (page number not for citation purposes) Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2008, 6:35 the health-related quality of life of parents/guardians The score is computed as the sum of the 20 ... cross-cultural adaptation, the group of specialists stated that the concept of the impact of childhood cancer on the quality of life of the families used for development of the original instrument was ... functioning and well-being of parents/guardians depend on the child's situation as well Information on the quality of life of pediatric cancer patients and their families allows the identification of...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Validation of the Korean version of the pediatric quality of life inventory™ 4.0 (PedsQL™) generic core scales in school children and adolescents using the rasch model" ppt
... from the scale [16], and a rating scale may not be used by respondents in the way it was intended by the developer of the scale [15] Thus, the assumptions about both the quality of the measures and ... from the percentage of missing values for each item and distribution of item responses [20,21] Range of measurement was further tested based on the percentage of scores at the extremes of the ... 1.9%) The race/ethnicity of the total sample was Asian Respondents of parent self-report consisted of mother (n = 1250, 86.0%), father (n = 159, 10.9%), grandmothers (n = 5, 0.3%), grandfathers...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Modification of the asthma quality of life questionnaire (standardised) for patients 12 years and older" pdf
... development of the study question to the revision of the final manuscript Each of the four authors has made a significant contribution at each phase of the study AQLQ12+ Standardised version of the Asthma ... function and environmental stimuli) are the means of the responses to the questions in each of the domains Symptom and Medication Diary Each morning and evening patients scored how much they were bothered ... Modification of the AQLQ(S) Both the AQLQ [1] and the Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) [2] were developed by asking adults and children respectively about the problems and limitations...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Cross-cultural validation and analysis of responsiveness of the QUALIOST®: QUAlity of Life questionnaire In OSTeoporosis" pptx
... drafting of the document and revising it critically for important intellectual content PM, as the author of the QUALIOST® questionnaire, helped in the design of the analysis and the interpretation and ... 93.3% of patients and were therefore included in the analyses of the hypothesised structure and internal consistency reliability Longitudinal data were available for 80.9% of the patients for the ... Validation of the hypothesised structure of the QUALIOST® (see Table 1) Analysis of the cross-sectional psychometric properties by country included validation of the questionnaires structure and internal...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Factors influencing agreement between child self-report and parent proxy-reports on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 4.0 (PedsQL™) generic core scales" pptx
... Range of measurement for the PedsQL™ was determined based on the percentage of scores at the extreme of the scaling range KolmogorovSmirnov tests were used to assess whether the distributions of ... between parents' own QOL ratings and their ratings of their child's QOL These results are consistent with the findings of Eiser, Eiser, and Stride [22] and Goldbeck and Melches [23] This correlation ... contributed to the design of the study; interpretation of the data and analyses; and revised the article for important intellectual content All authors gave final approval of the version to be...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Predialysis therapeutic care and health-related quality of life at dialysis onset (The pharmacoepidemiologic AVENIR study)" pdf
... quality of life; second, the earlier the referral to a nephrologist, the better the control of symptoms, problems and effects of CKD; third, a lack of association between the number of nephrology ... after their first session, and within the first months of replacement therapy Quality of therapeutic practices The appropriateness of pre-dialysis therapeutic practices was assessed in terms of ... during the year preceding dialysis Our hypothesis is that the higher the quality of pre-dialysis care, the better the HRQoL Our aim is to heighten nephrologists’ awareness of the outstanding...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Reliability and validity of Thai versions of the MOS-HIV and SF-12 quality of life questionnaires in people living with HIV/AIDS" pot
... Discussion The results of this initial test provide evidence for acceptable reliability and validity of the Thai versions of the MOS-HIV and SF-12 as measures of HRQOL among HIV+ patients in Northern ... life scales Nonetheless, it is likely to have introduced additional random error into the estimate of CD4 count and attenuated the correlation with quality of life scores There is often little time ... Chariyalertsak et al.: Reliability and validity of Thai versions of the MOS-HIV and SF-12 quality of life questionnaires in people living with HIV/AIDS Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2011 9:15 Submit...
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báo cáo hóa học:" The Chinese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Family Impact Module: cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation" pdf
... measurement and has been adapted for use in other countries The development of the Chinese version of the FIM will not only fill the gap in the parent HRQOL assessment Chen et al Health and Quality of Life ... conceptualized and designed the study, acquired, analyzed and interpreted the data, and revised the manuscript YZ and ZH conceptualized and designed the study, acquired the data, and revised the manuscript ... assessed by analyzing the percentage of missing item responses and the average completion time The presence of floor and ceiling effects (>25% of the respondents have the minimum and/ or maximum score)...
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báo cáo hóa học: " The Chinese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) 3.0 Asthma Module: reliability and validity" potx
... as the mean of completion time of the Asthma Module The percentage of missing value for each item was defined as the number of subjects who did not fill out the item divided by the number of ... reliability and validity [19,20] In order to improve the assessment of the impact of asthma on the pediatric HRQOL in the context with Chinese culture, we decided to generate the Chinese version of the ... as the sum of the 15 items of Emotional, Social, and School Functioning subscales divided by the number of items answered; 3) Total Score is calculated as the sum of all 23 items divided by the...
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