english grammar nouns verbs adjectives pronouns

Cambridge University Press Lexical Categories Verbs, Nouns, And Adjectives

... he distinguishes nouns from adjectives and verbs in that only the latter are intrinsically relational [i.e. pred-icative], whereas he distinguishes verbs from adjectives and nouns in that theytend ... and verbalization 1593.9 Are nouns universal? 1694Adjectivesasneithernounsnorverbs1904.1 The essence of having no essence 1904.2 Attributive modiﬁcation 1924.3 Adjectives and degree heads ... 2194.5 Adjectives and adverbs 2304.6 Are adjectives universal? 2385Lexicalcategoriesandthenatureofthegrammar2645.1 What has a category? 2655.2 Categories and the architecture of the grammar...

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Lexical Categories verbs nouns and adjectives phần 10 pot

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... classiﬁers in, 119n.Tzutujil adjectives in, 144, 192degree heads in, 218derivation in, 161linkers in, 193n.Uesaka, Miwako, 74unaccusative verbs, 63compared to adjectives and nouns, 8, 13, 69,72–74, ... subject agreement in, 27plurality in, 108restructuring in, 29n. verbs versus adjectives in, 88, 249–50, 264Mojave adjectives versus verbs in, 10, 255–56tense and copula in, 47morphological well-formedness ... 1, 20PRO, 29, 171, 208n.pronominal afﬁxes see agreement pronouns, 127antecedents of must be nouns, 98, 126, 129,163as licensers for nouns, 153, 155incorporation of, 309not of category AP...

Lexical Categories verbs nouns and adjectives phần 9 ppt

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... assume thatobjects are designated by nouns, actions by verbs, and properties by adjectives. They then jump tothe conclusion thatthereare a few nouns, verbs, and adjectives in the language they are ... have verbs but not adjectives. Upon closer examination, the verbs that correspond to adjectives in all of these languages have subtle grammaticalproperties that distinguish them from true verbs. ... stative verbs on the surface in Vata, these verbs containroots that have special derivational possibilities that show them to be inherently adjectives. Sheconcludes that a class of adjectives...

Lexical Categories verbs nouns and adjectives phần 8 pot

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... correspondto adjectives in English being grouped either with the nouns or with the verbs ((86c,d)).33(86) Transitory situations Permanent situationsa X— (verbs) —X———-(Adjs)————X— (nouns) —X (English) b ... as six lexical cat-egories, ranging from true verbs, to adjectival verbs, to verby adjectives, tonouny adjectives, to adjectival nouns, to true nouns. ) Alternatively, some lan-guages could ... two-categorysystem: a system that has verbs and “substantives,” the latter being usable aseither nouns or adjectives. )248 Adjectives as neither nouns nor verbs (100) M-kango ndi w-a u-kulu.3-lionPRED...

Lexical Categories verbs nouns and adjectives phần 7 pdf

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... categories – Preds that make nouns look more verbal,and pronouns / determiners that make adjectives and verbs look more nominal.In languages in which both Pred and pronouns are systematically null, ... nouns can only combine with other noun projections by way of nonsyntactic rootcompounding, whereas adjectives can combine with nouns by syntactic merge.214 Adjectives as neither nouns nor verbs ﬁxing ... forms as nouns in Greek,Latin, and Sanskrit. For this reason, the distinction between nouns and adjectives was usually notnoticed before the Middle Ages.202 Adjectives as neither nouns nor verbs (17)PredPPred´...

Lexical Categories verbs nouns and adjectives phần 6 pps

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... predicate nouns resist verbalization in English and many other languages, such verbalization is not completely impossible.For example, the morpheme –ize in English derives verbs from adjectives ... inchoative verbs; and –wa, which formscausative verbs. Heath observes that both of these morphemes attach produc-tively to adjectives but not to nouns, as shown in (138c,d).3.9 Are nouns universal? ... consequence is that Universal Grammar contains no fourth lexicalcategory that completes the space of logicalpossibilitiesdeﬁnedbytheexistenceof nouns, verbs, and adjectives (Schachter [1985];...

Lexical Categories verbs nouns and adjectives phần 5 ppsx

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... NPs. Prima facie, thisseems to be true: virtually every grammar has an index entry for pronouns, butvery few mention pro -adjectives or pro -verbs. It is also perfectly possible towork on a language ... shouldbe no such thing as “pro -adjectives or “pro -verbs in languages of the worldthat take part in anaphoric relationships with APs and VPs in the same waythat pronouns enter into anaphoric relationships ... oradjectival.203.4 Nouns in binding and anaphoraMy task now is to go on and show how nouns having a criterion of identity anda referential index can explain differences between nouns and other...

Lexical Categories verbs nouns and adjectives phần 4 pot

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... mass nouns co-occur with measure phrases, whereas comparable adjectives and verbs do not. The paradigm in (i) illustrates within the mass domain the same fundamentalcontrast between nouns and adjectives ... and section 4.5 below.3 Nouns as bearers of areferential index3.1 What is special about nouns? I turn now to consideration of what sets nouns apart from verbs and adjectives. Using phrase ... property of nouns is that they can be the antecedentsof pronouns, reﬂexives, and traces. The most elegant demonstration of this dis-tinction comes from comparing genitive NP subjects with adjectives...

Lexical Categories verbs nouns and adjectives phần 3 ppt

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... welladapted to causativizing adjectives and nouns, but not verbs. Because the theta-role assigning properties of verbs are signif-icantly different from those of nouns and adjectives, a single morpheme ... attach to nouns and adjectives in a givenlanguage only if they also attach to verbs. This follows from the fact that verbs are structurally closer to tense than predicative nouns and adjectives ... directly to nouns and adjectives as well as to verbs in this language, whereas the others (continua-tive, aorist, future, necessitive, and optative) need a verbal copula when theyco-occur with nouns...

Lexical Categories verbs nouns and adjectives phần 2 docx

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... proposal is that verbs take subjects directly and nouns and adjectives do not,as a universal deﬁnition of these categories. Thus, Pred is present with predicate nouns and predicate adjectives in ... distinguishing verbs from other categories, and why it is morepromising than some of the obvious alternatives (section2.2). Next I explore(1)’s implication that predicate nouns and adjectives, unlike verbs, ... It also accounts for the fact that certain verbs behave like unac-cusative predicates, in contrast to corresponding adjectives and nouns, which2330 Verbs as licensers of subjectsbeautifully...